1、Iatrogenic InjuryExternal TraumaAnatomyIatrogenic Renal InjuryExternal Renal InjuriesSpontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage Blunt renal injuries most often come from motor vehicle accidents, falls from heights, and assaults. Penetrating renal injuries most often come from gunshot and stab wounds.Per
2、cutaneous Renal Procedures Hematuria is the best indicator of traumatic urinary system injury However, the degree of hematuria and the severity of the renal injury do not correlate consistently: in up to 36% of renal vascular injuries from blunt trauma, hematuria is absent I 挫伤 肉眼或镜下血尿 其他泌尿系检查正常血肿 包
3、膜下血肿 II 血肿 腹膜后肾周血肿撕裂伤 1cm的肾皮质裂伤，无尿外渗及集合系统损伤 IV 撕裂伤 肾皮质、髓质和集合系统全层裂伤血管 肾动脉或静脉主干损伤伴出血 V 撕裂伤 肾碎裂血管 肾蒂撕脱伤，肾无血供 all blunt trauma patients with gross hematuria and patients with microscopic hematuria and shock (systolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg any time during evaluation and resuscitation) should undergo re
4、nal imaging, usually CT with intravenous contrast. Patients with microscopic hematuria without shock can be observed clinically without imaging studies. Penetrating injuries with any degree of hematuria should be imaged. Ultrasonography is a popular imaging modality in the initial evaluation of abdominal trauma.
