1、新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册课后翻译答案及原文 Unit 1 原文： English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle Engli
2、sh and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the Bri
3、tish Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American c
4、inema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet. 翻译：人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了 很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元 5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从 17 世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术
5、、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。 原文：中国书法（ calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉 文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有 “字如其人 “的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。 翻译： Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique a
6、rt treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but al
7、so developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person“. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture,
8、 Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art. 孟母教子 孟子幼时家迁居墓地附近，耳濡目染的尽是些丧葬礼仪的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿着挖墓筑坟的祭奠。孟母感到长此下去对儿子的教育不利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖，怎样和商人讨价还价，孟母不愿意自己 的孩子长大成个商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，孟子就跟着学生学习诗书礼仪，揖让推进，等等。孟母认为找到了理想的地方，于是决定在这里长住下去。由此可见，孟母深知环境对孩子成长的影响。这就是
9、“孟母三迁 ”故事的由来。 孟子逐渐成长，一次未到放学时间就回家了，孟母把他叫到织布机旁，让他看自己织布。织了很长一段时间，孟母突然用刀子把布割断，孟子不明白怎么回事，连忙问母亲究竟。这时孟母耐心地对他说：“你学习半途而废，就如同把这本来可以织成完整的一匹布割断是一个道理。 ”母亲的谆谆教导深深地印 在孟子的脑海之中，从此他发奋图强，刻苦读书，终于成了战国时期，也是我国历史上著名的思想家、教育家。 How Mencius Mother Teaches Her Son When Mencius was young, his family lived near a cemetery, fully
10、exposed to funeral ceremonies. He and his playmates imitated burying and mourning proceedings. Mencius mother thought the surroundings were not good for his education so she decided to move. They moved to a place next to a fair, and Menciusbegan to learn the ways of business people, bargaining and h
11、aggling. His mother didnt want her son to become a businessman so she moved again. This time they moved into the house near a school, and Mencius began to learn the Classics and etiquette along with the students. His mother thought this was the right place for him and decided to stay there for good.
12、 This shows that Mencius mother realized the importance of environment for childrens growing up. These are the stories about how “Mencius mother moved three times.” One day, Mencius came back home before school let out. His mother called him to the loom side and let him watch her weaving. After a lo
13、ng time, she suddenly cut the cloth she had wovenwith a knife, much to Mencius bewilderment. When Mencius asked, his mother explained, “If you quit school half way, its like my cutting the cloth before it is completed.” Mothers words were firmly branded in the sons mind. From then on, he studied ass
14、iduously and became a great thinker and educator of the Warring States Period and he has been remembered as such throughout Chinese history. Unit 2 原文： A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development
15、 in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide in
16、teractive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire people to “try on“ subjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education
17、itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal (多模式的 ) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses. 翻译：慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步
18、，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万 住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。 原文： 近 年来， 随着 互联网 技术的 发展 ，我国的 数字化教育资源 建设 取得 了巨大的 成就 。很多 高
19、校 建立 了自己的数字化学习 平 台 ，数字化教学在教育中 发挥着 越来越大的 作用 。 和 传统 教学方式 相比 ，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。 一方面 ，数字化教学 使 教学资源得以 全球共享 ； 另一方面 ，它 拓展 了学习者的学习 时间和空间 ，人们可以 随时随地 通过互联网 进入 数字化的 虚拟学校 学习。 这 使得 人类从接受 一次性教育 走向终身学习 成为 可能 。 翻译： In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education reso
20、urces of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digi
21、tal teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift fr
22、om one-time learning to lifelong learning. Unit 3 原文： As an important part of the American culture value system, “individualism“ is admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. In contrast to many other
23、 cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility
24、 to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual free
25、dom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family. 翻译： 作为 美国 文化价值体系 的 一个 重要 组成部分， “个人主义 “受到 大多数美国人的 推崇 。美国人认为家庭作为一个 群体 ， 其主要目的是 促进家庭各成员的 幸福 。与 许多其他文化 相比 ，美国 家庭成员 的主要职责，不是 在 社会 上或 经济 上提高整个家庭的 地位 。人们 通常认为 ，什么是对个人 最好的 要比什么是对家庭最好的 更为重要 。 与 自由 相伴而来的是 照顾自己
26、的 责任 ， 因为 所选择的 自由 承载 了责任， 即 必须接受自己的选择所带来的 后果 。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由， 因为 他们希望孩子们能够 独立 和 自主 。 在 美国人强调个人自由 的同时 ，父母与孩子间 平等 的 信念 也 对 美 国家庭 产生 了巨大 的影响 。 原文： 孝道 （ filial piety） 是 中国古代社会 的基本 道德规范 （ code of ethics）。中国人 把 孝 视为 人格之 本 、家庭和睦之 本 、国家 安康 之 本 。 由于 孝道是儒家伦理思想 的核心 ，它 成了 中国社会千百年来 维系 家庭关系的 道德准则 。它 毫无疑问 是中华民族的
27、一种传统 美德 。孝道文化是一个 复合 概念， 内容丰富，涉及面广 。它 既 有 文化理念 ， 又 有 制度礼仪 （ institutional etiquette）。 一般来说 ，它 指 社会 要求 子女对父母应尽的 义务 ，包括尊敬、 关爱 、 赡养 老人等等。孝道是古老的 “东方 文明 “之 根本 。 翻译： Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a persons integri
28、ty, family harmony, and the nations well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. Its undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a comp
29、lex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is
30、fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization“. Unit 4 原文： Valentines Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festiva
31、l. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailers daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed
32、 he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine“. Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentines Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic d
33、inners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people. 翻译： 美洲 和欧洲 各国 都会 庆祝 2月 14日 的 情人 节 。 这是一个充满 爱情和浪漫 的节日 ，恋人 之间 通常都会交换 情人卡 和 爱情信物 。 关于 这个节日的 起源 有着不同的 说法 。 一个传说是 罗马人把一个 叫 圣瓦伦丁的神父 关进了监狱 ，因为他 拒绝 相信罗马神。 2月 14 日那天，瓦
34、伦丁 被处死 ， 不仅 因为他是 基督徒 ，而 且因为他曾 治愈 了一位监狱 看守双目失明的女儿 。他在被 处死 的前一天晚上 给她写了一封 署名 “你的瓦伦丁 ”的 告别信 。 后来， 2月 14日 就成了一个 人们可以为他们的情人 展示感情 的节日 。 现在， 人们以 不同的方式 庆祝情人节，他们 发送贺卡 、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他 礼品 ，或 共进 浪漫的 晚餐 。现在这个节日已 流行世界各地 。在中国，这个节日也正 越来越 受 年轻人 的欢迎 。 原文： 农历 七月初七是中国的 七夕节 ， 是 中国 传统 节日中 最 具 浪漫色彩 的一个节日 。一些 大的 商家 每年 都举办 不同 的
35、 活动 ， 年轻人 也送礼物给他们的情人。 因此 ，七夕节 被认为是 中国的 “情人节 ”。七夕节 来自 牛郎与织女 的 传说 。 相传， 每年 的 这个 夜晚 ， 天上的 织女都会与牛郎 相会 。 所以，在 七夕 的 夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在 银河 相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女 乞求智慧 ， 以 获得 美满姻缘 。 但随着 时代的 变迁 ，这些活动 正在 消失 ， 唯有 标志 着 忠贞 爱 情的牛郎织女的 传说 一直 流传民间 。 翻译： July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most r
36、omantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentines Day“. The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving
37、Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with t
38、he changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk. Unit 5 原文： The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global explorat
39、ion that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment o
40、f trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a
41、wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations ac
42、knowledging each other. 翻译：大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于 15 世纪初并一直持续到 18 世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗 ?哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。 欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界
43、地图成为可能，从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。 原文： 丝绸之路 （ Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和 欧亚大陆 的 交通线路 ，由于这条 商路 以 丝绸贸易 为主 ，故称 “丝绸之路 “。 作为 国际贸易的通道和 文化交流的桥梁 ， 丝绸之路 有效地促进 了东西方经济文化 交流和发展 ， 对 世界文明进程 有着深远影响 。当前， 在新的历史条件下 ，我国提出了 “一带一路 “（ 即“丝绸之路经济带 “和 “21 世纪 海上丝绸之路 “）的战略构想。 “一带一路 “以 合作 共赢 为核心 ， 强调相关各国 的 互利 共赢和共同发展。 这一战 略一经提出即 受到沿线
44、各国 的积极响应 。 翻译： The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road“. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and
45、cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road“ (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century
46、 Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of “One Belt, One Road“ focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.
47、Unit 6 原文： Minimalism (极简主义 ) is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping only what you need. Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results that ensue are less stress, more time, and increased happines
48、s. Minimalists like to say that theyre living more meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the minimalist lifestyle allows them to focus on whats more important in life: friends, hobbies, travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesnt mean theres anything inherently wrong with owning material p
49、ossessions. Todays problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our things, often forsaking our health, our relationships, our passions, our personal growth, and our desire to contribute beyond ourselves. In addition to its application in peoples daily life, minimalism also finds application in many creative disciplines, including art, architecture, design, dance, film making, theater, music, fashion, photography and literature. 翻译： 极简主义 是指 去掉多余的，仅保留需要的部分。 用最简单的话来说， 极简的生活方式，就是生活得越简单越好，直到获得心灵的 平静 ，这种简单既是 精神上 的，也是 身体上的 。这样的生
