1、基本公共设施便利性角度的低碳城市空间结构的方法研究Abstract: This study proposed a methodology for assessing the accessibility of Public Facilities on Low-carbon urban form and conducted discussion on how to improve the accessibility in Kumamoto city as case study. Three steps had been conducted in this research. First, GIS
2、tools (SANET) were applied to take the spatial analysis of public service facilities in Kumamoto city. Second, implement a method to calculate the accessibility of public service facilities. Third, a public service facility layout planning was proposed and accessibility improvement was evaluated. Ke
3、ywords: Accessibility, Low-carbon Society, Urban Form, Spatial analysis, ArcGIS, 中图分类号：TU984 文献标识码： A 1. Introduction A large amount of green house gases (GHGs) have been exhausting with the rapid development of urbanization and human activity, and the reduction of environmental load on energy consu
4、mption of daily transportation has been caused extensive concern. A Low-Carbon Society (LCS) 1 is a society which has a minimal output of GHGs emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the CO2. As a major component of GHGs emissions, Man-made CO2 contributes significantly to the immin
5、ent environmental challenges. Although the city has been considered to be major contributors to the global GHGs emissions, they also form a one of component of the solution. TAKAHASHI M. (2005)2 indicated that it was necessary to formulate and investigate a mid/long-term action projects on municipal
6、 level, such as the urban morphology, traffic system, land use change, etc. to achieve a low-carbon society. Some of the frequently proposed strategies such as more efficient use of fuel, improvement of public transportation, education of citizens, and implementation of car free day were put forward
7、 in European and American areas. In Japan, four types of representative strategies were approached for realization a low-carbon society: the construction of institutional social system, maintenance of social capital on software and hardware, natural environment management. Implement the low-carbon l
8、ifestyle, citizens participation and the genetic strategy concerning biomass resources was promoted 3. With the large commercial facilities moving to the outskirts and the decreasing of the public transportation user, the vehicle usage and the environmental load increasing in recent years. Aiming at
9、 building a low-carbon city in Kumamoto City, there are three key strategic guidelines of urban development and construction on aspect of urban structure, the formation of the interrelated urban structure between downtown and sub-center residential area, the establishment of new vitasphere where dai
10、ly life can be managed with on foot and the bicycle, and the inhibition of transport energy consumption 4. Ye J. the red curve indicates the mean value under the CRS hypothesis; the green and pink curves are, respectively, the upper and lower envelop curves under the CSR hypothesis. If the observed
11、curve is in between the upper and lower envelop curves, we cannot reject the CSR hypothesis with 0.95 confidence level. In this case, the observed curve is above the upper envelop curve for distances more than 800m, and hence we reject the CSR hypothesis with 0.95 confidence level in that distance r
12、ange. That means less than 800m the distribution of convenience stores is randomness but in the range 800m -1600m is tend to be clustered. Global cross nearest neighbor distance method, tests the CSR hypothesis in terms of the shortest-path distance from each point in a given set to its nearest poin
13、t. In general, there are two type of points, A and B. Type B points assumed that events are provisional terms, while type A points are steady-going over time. In this study, the former points are convenience stores and the latter points are Bus stations. In the above example, the observed curve is a
14、bove the upper envelop curve for distances less than 700 m, and hence we reject the CSR hypothesis with 0.95 confidence level. The convenience stores tend to cluster around Bus stations in this region. Fig1. Result of Spatial analysis of public facilities 4.2 Accessibility to locate facilities As th
15、e result of accessibility of Kumamoto city, about 83% (rand 4and 5, 141000) people in central ward have high accessibility to access the different facilities without Kurokami and Izumiminami school district. In North ward, about 35% (52000) people live in the area with very lower accessibility excep
16、t the Ueki and Musasikaouka school district, where is located around the regional administrative center. Refers to different service facilities, about 78% people live in area with less than 800m the distance to convenience stores, and about 22% people live in area with more than 4 optional network f
17、acilities in the range 800m. 4.3 Simulation of location plan Two type facilities (fixed facility and mobile facility) are considered on proposal for the location plan to improve the accessibility in low level area. As fixed facility (supermarket) in housing lots for example, the accessibility of sup
18、ermarket is improved from 71.2% to 88.5% who live in the area with less than 800m the distance to supermarket. In case of mobile vendition car in Kawaguchi school district in West ward, before mobile vendition car was adopted in this area, all most people was difficult to access the supermarket othe
19、rwise unless he or she walking more than1200m. It is very inconvenience, especially for older persons. After mobile vendition car was adopted, more than 1700 people can access the vendition car easily than before In addition, we assume that the car move in regular time along a certain route, then the effect of accessibility improving will be more significant.
