1、1高中英语阅读中的猜词方法例谈摘 要:高中英语阅读试题选文广泛,内容丰富。我们拿到阅读文段时,并非所有的单词都能认识和理解,这就要求我们在完成阅读题时,学会“猜”词,以便更好地读懂文本,完成后面的试题。 关键词:中学生 英语阅读 猜词 方法 中图分类号:G633.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-9082(2014)04-0106-01 阅读理解是英语考试的题型之一,如何做好这类题型,正确理解生单词在文章中的意思,给中学生带来了很大的困惑。为了解决这个难题,在日常教学中,我有意识,有步骤的引导学生通过上下文推测生单词的意思,现总结如下。 一、通过上下文猜测词义 任何一篇文章的句子在内容上
2、都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。因此,我们要利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的分析,进而猜测出词义。 例 1: I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the tr
3、ain. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down 2to read my Economics. 根据该段的“had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.”可知作者不喜欢坐火车去旅行,relish 的意思是“喜欢”与 enjoy 同义。 二、借助同义词, 反义
4、词猜词义 例 1:“why are you weeping? “ “I am crying for my poor cat, ”the girl said. 借助同义词 crying, 可以推测出 weeping 与 crying 同义。例 2:Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome person, Tom is quite hideous. 借助 unlike,可推测出 hideous 与 handsome 反义。 三、通过定义猜词义 例 1:Anthropology is the scientific study of man. The an
5、thropology department has created a track that allows students to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in anthropology with a health emphasis, which fulfills pre-requirements while teaching students how health care varies across cultures. Students will also learn about human nature, evolutionary adapta
6、tions and diversity. (选自上海卷题) 根据文章首句,可推测出划线词意思为“人类学” 。 四、通过解释语推测词义 在新闻报道及科普类说明文中,生词后面往往用 that is, namely. 3in other words, or , that is to say 来对其解释。 例 1.Jane is indecisive, that is to say, she cant make up her mind. 利用 that is to say,可推测划线词的意思是“犹豫不决的” 。 例 2.If you have ever had bronchitis or a bad
7、cold, you probably remember what the doctor did. 利用 or,可以推测划线词的意思是一种病。 五、通过标点符号推测词义 在阅读中,用逗号,破折号,冒号,引号和括号也可以解释某些单词的意思。例: We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8a.m.-this week. 利用破折号,可以推测划线词的意思是“夜班” 。 例 1. In the shop you would see some big raisins(which are dried grapes). 利用括号,可以推测划线词的意思是“葡萄干”
8、。 六、通过所举例子推测词义 有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的单词,这些例子可帮助同学们猜测生单词的意思,文章举例时,常会用一些连词,如 for example, such as, like. 例 1. After a day of hunting, Harlod is ravenous yesterday, for example, he ate three bowls of rice, salad, and a large chicken before he was finally satisfied. 利用下文 for example 所举的例子,可以推测划线词的意思是“饥饿的”
9、。 4例 2.In the corner there is a Christmas tree decorated with shining ornaments, such as colored lights and glass balls, sometimes hung with gift. 利用下文 such as 所举的例子,可以推测划线词的意思是“装饰品” 七、通过对比,因果,并列关系推测词义 在文章中,常会出现表示对比,因果或并列关系的单词或短语,我们可以利用这类关系来推测生词的意义。常见的表示对比关系的词有:while,however, whereas, on the contrary, but 等。常见的表示因果关系的词有:consequently, therefore, because, thus 等。表示并列关系的有:Some Others, meanwhile 等。 总之,词义猜测除了以上七种主要的方法外,我们还可以利用构词法猜词义,利用验和常识推猜词义。同学们应注意在平时多归类总结,并应用到阅读当中就能十分准确的猜出生单词意思。