1、第 1 页 共 19 页英 语 补 弱 之 勇 闯 书 面 表 达 篇英 语 书 面 表 达 是 英 语 知 识 的 综 合 运 用 ； 是 基 础 知 识 升 华 。 高 考 书 面 表 达 占 30分 ， 是 分 量 较 重 的 部 分 。 因 此 掌握句式结构，准确翻译句子是基础。（一）补习句式结构下面以作文中经常出现的经典句式为例，对基本句型的运用作些说明，以提高书面表达能力。【句型 1】主语 + 不及物动词（S+V ）【例句】（1）I hesitated for a moment.（2）The next day, we set off early in the morning. 练一
2、练：（1）为了赶上别人，你最好努力学习。To catch up with others, youd better work harder.（2）事故是怎样发生的呢？How did the accident occur/happen?（3）在刚刚过去的 30 年里，我们的生活发生了很大的变化。Our life has changed a lot in the past thirty years.（4）她正沿着湖边走。She is walking along the lake.【句型 2】主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S+V+P ）常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become,
3、go, get, grow, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smell【例句】(). As the saying goes, eyes are the window of our hearts.众所周知的是，眼睛是心灵的窗户。好处：谚语的使用增光添彩。(2). Everyone is born equal.每个人生来平等。好处：意思表达准确。练一练：（1）那人看起来很善良。That man seems kind.（2）我们以我们的朋友而自豪。We are proud of our friends.【句型 3】主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语【例句】(1). If
4、your eyes are aching, doing some eye exercises can relieve your eye tiredness.如果你的眼睛感到疼痛，做眼操可以缓解你的视力疲劳。好处：动名词作主语引导从句。(2).I believe after I fulfill these plans,1 will be able to lead a happy life in college.我认为在我完成这些计划的时候，我将可以过上新的生活。好处：lead a happy life ，过上快乐的生活。(3).I look forward to hearing from you
5、.我期待能收到你的消息。第 2 页 共 19 页好处：这个句子常用在信件的结尾，look forward to 后面加分词或者名词。(4). The striking differences between the two show rapid changes in peoples life in China.这两人着装上的巨大的差距，昭示了我国人民生活水平的巨大变化。好处：striking 修饰主语，表示强烈的语气。练一练：（1） 我们欣赏着温暖的阳光和美丽的景色。we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. （2）年轻人喜欢听流行音乐
6、。Young people enjoy listening to pop music.【句型 4】主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补【例句】（1）She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.（2）Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.练一练：（1）不幸的是，他们发现还钱有点难。Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay
7、this money.（2）我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越漂亮。We are making our country more and more beautiful.【句型 5】There be 句型。表示某处有 /存在/某物be （must be/lives ）stands/exists/liesThere seems/happens to be +主语 +状语occurs/appears【例句】(1).Seeing her children flying happily in the sky, she feels very delighted.看到孩子们在空中自由地翱翔，她感到很愉悦。好处：
8、现在分词作状语表示伴随状态。(2). With the help of glasses, they can see the blackboard clearly.在眼镜的辅助之下，他们才能将黑板看得更清楚。好处：with 引导状语表示伴随。练一练：（1）上个月以来这座博物馆前面常有小汽车被盗。There have often been stolen cars in front of the museum since last month. （2） 机器肯定是出故障了，因为它运转不正常。There must be something wrong with the machine, for it
9、doesnt run well.（3） 过去有一条小河环绕这个小村庄流过。There used to be a river around the small village.【句型 6】并列句：【例句】 （1） A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesnt always help in a positive way.（2） we can take part in some activities together and I can introduce you to others.练一练：（1）他脾气很好
10、, 可是我还是不喜欢他。He is good-natured; still I dont like him. 第 3 页 共 19 页（2）她看上去很年轻 , 可是她已三十多岁了。 She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s. 【句型 7】状语从句【例句】(1). The hotel is located 500 meters far from the entrance of Baishan Moun-tain,a very convenient position to go sight-seeing in the Baishan M
11、ountain.宾馆在距离白山入口处 500 米的地方，这对于参观白山来说是一个很方便的位置。好处：伴随状语的使用很到位。(2). But since you are young, the disease wont be very serious and you can beat it但是因为你还比较年轻，疾病不会很严重，你能够战胜它。好处：since ，引导原因状语从句。(3). As long as we hold this sense, we can surely achieve a sustainable devel-opment。只要我们有这个意识，我们就一定能实现可持续发展。好处：
12、as long as，只要；可持续发展的表达很准确。(4). First, I will set my goal after entering college and improve the way of study so that I can properly make use of my time.首先，我需要确定我在进入大学后的目标，改进学习方法，从而能够充分地利用时间。好处：复杂句的组织十分恰当而合理。(5). Second,I must learn to live independently since l will leave home.其次，我必须学会如何独立地生存，毕竟我会离开
13、家里。好处：since 引导原因状语从句。(6).A fashionable woman is sitting there with a laptop, while an older man who is wearing an old style of clothes is standing near her.一个穿着时尚的女孩子坐在那里摆弄电脑，而一个穿着古老服饰的老人站在一旁。好处：while 和 who 的作用。(7). Not only our history, but also our culture is the access to understand us better.不仅我
14、们的历史，还有我们的文化都是让你更好了解我们的入口。好处：连词的使用；词组 the access to do(8). Since the world has been connected as a whole, its convenient for one to communicate with another no matter how far away the person is, life has taken up a quick rhythm and many people are taking advantage of the high technology, leading a m
15、ore peaceful and enjoyable life.自从世界之间相互联系之后，无论人们之间的距离多遥远，相互之间的交流还是很方便的，生活的节奏变得更快，人们利用高科技使得生活更加平静而又愉快。好处：句子的组织很不错，无论是 since 引导原因状语从句，还是不定式做主语后置，包括词组的运用，如 take advantage of。练一练：（1）我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了. The film had begun when we got to the cinema. （2）I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句）No matter what
16、he says, I wont believe.第 4 页 共 19 页【句型 8】名词性从句【例句】(1). So my viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but using Chinese as a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.因此，我的观点是，用英文教授，同时对于一些难以理解的内容用中文进行辅助讲解。好处：表语从句使用正确。(2). Ive learned it from the Internet that you want to ma
17、ke a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.我从互联网上得知，你想寻找一个中国朋友以便学习中国的语言和文化。好处：组织句子的方式。(3). However, other hold the opposite idea that the book is far more interesting and entertaining than a film.然而，其他人持相反的观点，即书本比起电影更有趣，更有娱乐性。好处：由 that 引导同位语从句。练一练：（1）To his surprise, the lit
18、tle girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(That the littler girl knows so many things surprises him. It surprises him that the littler girl knows so many things .)（ 2） 我想强调的是我们都应该多听听别人。What I want to stress is that each of us should listen
19、 more to others.【句型 9】定语从句【例句】(1). Im sorry to hear that you got the lung cancer which brings you great pain我很遗憾地得知你身患肺癌，给你带来了巨大的痛苦。好处：which 引导限制性定语从句。(2). Some students who wish to be taught in English will be disappointed.那些希望英语授课的学生们可能会失望了。好处：定语从句和 wish to do 的使用。(3). It is really a good idea to
20、exchange our two cultures through the magazine, which is of great help to our students and our friendship.通过杂志我们可以交流文化，这对于我们的学生和友谊都很有益处。好处：非限制性定语从句。(4). The magazine can be a friendship bridge between our two schools which promotes our understanding of each other.这份杂志在我们两个学校间建立起了友谊之桥，促进我们更好地了解彼此。好处：
21、bridge 的使用很生动，同时 which 引导了定语从句。(5). The vivid difference represents the development that has taken place in the past a hundred years.这种鲜明的差异代表了人类在近一百年来取得的进步。好处：定语从句和现在完成时。第 5 页 共 19 页(6).Third, the EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, which presented potential safety hazards.第三，出口的标示不是很清晰，这就有可能带来安全
22、的隐患。好处：which 引导的非限制性定语从句。(7). This survey has shown that a good many students are suffering from bad habits, which may cause potential health problems to them.这个调查表明很多学生都有着不好的饮食习惯，而这有可能对他们造成潜在的健康威胁。好处：非限制性定语从句；suffer from 遭受。练一练：我有一个喜欢古典音乐的朋友。I have a friend who likes classical music.（2）史密斯到美国去了，他曾教
23、我们英语。Mr. Smith, who once taught us English, has gone to America.（3）房子旁边有棵树，那是我爷爷栽的。There is a tall tree beside the house, which was planted by my grandpa.（4）他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵树。He lives in a big house, in front of which stands a tree.（5）我们见到了那个由他照看的女孩。We saw the girl whom/that he took care of/looked af
24、ter.【句型 10】非谓语结构【例句】(1). Based on the above, I am qualified to be a good interpreter in every sports meet during the time.基于以上（的讨论） ，在运动会期间我会成为一个合格的解说员。好处：短语和关键词的使用，比如 base on 和 be qualified。(2). There are many books available in our library, dealing with almost every subject.在我们的图书馆里，我们可以看到很多的书，几乎涉
25、及了每一个领域。好处：定语后置，分词做状语，表示状态。(3). Surrounded by rows of trees, our library stands out from all the other buildings.被成行的树木所包围着，我们的图书馆矗立在其他教学楼之间。好处：过去分词做状语。(4). The film was very good, but I found some problems existing during the film.电影很精彩，但是我发现存在一些问题。好处：exit 作为定语来修饰名词，所以需要用分词形式。(5). Some of us think
26、that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.我们中有的人认为比起读原著，看电影是更好的方式。好处：比较级的成分是两个不定式。(6). From the cartoon, we can figure out the little boy on street, holding a book entitled Civic Virtue, appeals passers-by not to throw away rubbish and not to spit in public places, who
27、are practically indifferent to their behaviors in public places.从这个漫画中我们可以看到一个小孩在站在路上，手拿一本标题为公共道德的书，呼吁路人不要乱扔垃圾，不要随地吐痰路人一向漠视这些行为。好处：figure out 指出；用分词做状语表示当时的状态。练一练：第 6 页 共 19 页（1）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词)Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.（2）T
28、hey sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用 V-ing 形式)Singing and laughing, they went back to school.（3）When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用 V-ing 形式）On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.（4）Sitting on the train（坐在火车上）, I thought my dad would be very happy when he saw
29、the present.（5）Time permitting(时间允许的话), well visit the Great Wall. 【句型 11】倒装句【例句】(1).I think only when we help each other can we enjoy a happy life,我认为只有我们互相帮助的时候我们才能感受到生活的快乐好处：倒装句的使用很正确。(2). On the walls of my room are many nice photographs I took last weekend.在我屋子里面的墙壁上，有我上周照的一些不错的照片。好处：状语前置；省略了 t
30、hat 的定语从句。(3). Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.只有这样，我们才有足够的精力更好地学习。好处：倒装句的正确使用。练一练：（1）仅仅是近几年来，妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子。Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.（2）He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句改写)No sooner had h
31、e come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.（3）Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句改写)Weak as I am, Ill make the effort.（4）He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.( 使用倒装句改写) Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happene
32、d. 【句型 12】强调句It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)。【例句】(1). It is the Ministry of Education that promotes this program.是教育部推动了这个计划。好处：强调句的使用十分准确。(2). It is this magazine that helps our students know more about the US.正是这份杂志帮助我们更好地了解了美国。好处：强调句型使用很准确。(3). It is a clean campus that provides favorable study enviro
33、nment which is good for us all.正是干净的校园给我们提供了很好的学习环境，这对我们每个人都是有益的。好处：强调句和定语从句的使用十分准确。练一练：第 7 页 共 19 页（1）He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型.It was) It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.（2）我不知道是否因为我这么长时间
34、没能够到户外去，以致我对大自然中的一切变得这么狂热。I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.【句型 13】祈使句【例句】Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing s
35、mile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you dont like them.练一练：（1）好好干，你就会成功的。Work hard, and you will succeed.（2）快点，要不就迟到了。Hurry up, or youll be late.（ 二 ） 经 典 作 文 背 诵 、 模 仿1.经 典 议 论 文 （ 三 段 成 文 ）1.B2009江西卷学校即将举行以“Turning a bad mood（心情）into a good one ”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求定一篇 100 词左右的记叙文或
36、议论文。记叙文 议论文【参考范文】议论文Turning a Bad Mood into A Good OneIt is very important for us to have a good mood in our daily life. If you have a good mood, you will be happy with everything in the world. Most importantly, you will have a optimistic effect on the people around you. We all will live a harmoniou
37、s and happy life. It is also good for your health.However，sometimes when you meet some difficulties, when you quarrel with others or when you fail in doing something. You may have a bad mood. If so, you should get rid of it as soon as possible. As we all know, every thing has its two sides. So you s
38、hould think more about its bright side. We are sure that everything will be better with time passing by. Remember: Only you can make yourself happy.I hope that everyone has a good mood every day!【思路分析】本文是一篇开放式的作文，只提出了一个话题“Turning a bad mood into a 1. 发生的具体事件。 2. 对你的心情有何影响？ 3. 你如何应对？1. 好心情的重要性。 2. 产生
39、坏心情的原因。 3. 应该如何调整心情。第 8 页 共 19 页good one”, 并给出了体裁上的选择和内容上的简要提示。话题非常切合学生实际生活，让每个学生都有话可写。此题留给学生了一定的想象空间，有利于优生的发挥。文章的人称以一、二人称为主；时态为一般现在时；内容要点： 1. 好心情的重要性。2. 产生坏心情的原因。3. 应该如何调整心情。2.（2006 陕西卷）书面表达（满分 30 分）暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。优 点 缺 点呆在家中 花费少、舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界外出旅游 增长知识、开阔眼界 花费多
40、、旅途不便注意：1.短文写在答题卡上的指定区域，词数 80-120（不含已写好部分） 。2.短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述。3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4.参考词汇：跟界horizon( 或 view)*The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. _ 【参考范文】The summer holiday is coming. Our class has had a discussion about what to do dur
41、ing the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think its both convenient and comfortable. Whats more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their kno
42、wledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.【思路分析】本文是一篇议论文。因是介绍讨论的情况，故用 they
43、 较好。时态以一般现在时为主，可适当用一些将来时。结构上，采用三段式成文，1.呆在家里虽然花费少、舒适，但不能了解外面的世界；2.外出旅游虽可增长知识、开阔眼界，但花费多，旅途中的困难等。 3.发表自己的看法或观点（总结段） 。3.（2007 山东卷）写作（满分 30 分） 阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇 120150 词的短文。 今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小第 9 页 共 19 页学 任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。_【参考范文】Im willing to become a normal university studen
44、t for free and Id like to come back to my hometown to teach at primary or middle school for ten years after graduation.For one thing, in return for the help from society, I want to serve my hometown heart and soul. For another, it is an ideal for me to become a teacher and help children to become us
45、eful people in the future. Besides, I also want to save some money for my family and lighten my parents load.In a word, I really want to become a student in such a school.【思路分析】本文是一篇议论类文章，陈述自己愿意或不愿意成为师范生的理由。写作时应把握以下三点：1.阐明自己的观点；2. 讲明自己愿意（或不愿意）成为师范生的原因；3.总结陈述。【较高级的词汇和短语】be willing to; in return for;
46、for one thing for another; besides; in a word; serveheart and soul.2.经 典 书 信 类1.B2009全国卷 II假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 sarah 打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容： 1. 简 况：长 800 余米、600 多年历史、300 余家商铺； 2. 位置：天安门广场南面； 3. 交通：公共汽车 17、69、59 等路，地铁 2 号线； 4. 特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。 参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street 当当车 trolley car 地铁 su
