1、marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. -Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the “small“ and bila
2、teral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively incr
3、ease prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公 . Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. -Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation o
4、f the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of pr
5、ofessional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. -Star team-building to advance further. Establish a “holding system implementation, an
6、d promoting the whole“ team-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on “six cultural construction
7、of“ harmonious development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. -Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to th
8、e Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the “Chinese cultural management advanced
9、unit“, “National Advanced Unit in the building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30“ and other honorary titles. The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award
10、 of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as Chinas power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. -Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to “maintains
11、ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development“ as the main content of the “three guarantees“ theme practice activities and “stressing party spirit, to conduct, for example“ campaign, party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and cl
12、ean culture construction seminars, staffs sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish “four good“ leadership activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. -Group work dynamic. Promotin
13、g the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize mai
14、ntenance labor emulation and “health Cup“ competition, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaste
15、r areas. This year, the company has won the “Su . Cutting costs can be controlled, money should not be wasted “management philosophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology-science and technol
16、ogy innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scie
17、ntific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consu
18、mption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development-is to construct a “foreign“ environmen
19、t for development. “XING“ refers to the “internal security firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious“. “Foreign currency“ means “Enterprise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.“ (B) XX 2013 five enterprise
20、s building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cas
21、es of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity 7.51.浏览本课程各个部分的学习内容并简要介绍。本课程共有六个部分:第一章国家通用语言文字法解读。主要内容有国家通用语言文字法的介绍和相关问题。第二章语音，主要内容有普通话语音系统、方音辨正、普通话水平测试指南。第三章语汇，主要内容有语素问题研究、合成词研究、汉语语汇与汉文化、语汇的运用的。第四章语法，主要内容有词类、短语、句子和句子的类别、句子的意义、常见的语病。第五章文字，主要内容有汉字的结构、汉字的现代化、汉字文化。第六章网络
22、语言，主要内容有网络语言及其形成原因、网络语言的特点、网络语言的发展和规范。2.本课程的六个专题，你对哪个专题最感兴趣？对哪个专题最不感兴趣？谈谈原因。我对第六个专题最感兴趣，因为它紧扣实现，回答了人们普遍关心又没能得到的解答的一系列现实问题。对于汉语研究和运用都有很强的指导性和启发性。我对第四个专题最不感兴趣。因为与专科的现代汉语相比没有多少新东西，重复太多。二、简答题（共 5 道试题，共 30 分。问答题）1.颁行国家通用语言文字法有什么样的意义？【P7】国家通用语言文字法施行，有利于维护国家主权和民族尊严，有利于国家的统一、民族的团结、社会的进步，有利于社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，有
23、利于国家通用语言文字的规范化和标准化。2.普通话为什么要以北方话为基础方言？【P912】之所以以北方话作为基础方言，有以下几方面的原因：首先是因为北方话在政治、经济方面具有很大的影响。随着政治和经济的力量，以北京话为代表的北方话作为各级官府的交际通用语言而传播到全国各地，北方话逐渐取得了沟通各个方言的交际工具的地位。其次，北方话具有雄厚的文化基础。白话是唐宋时期在北方口语的基础上形成的。具有很高艺术价值的文学作品流传全国，扩大了北方话在全国的影响。第三，北方话具有广泛的群众基础。使用北方话的人口比起其他方言来也要多得多，约占整个汉民族人口的 70%。第四，北方话通行的地域广阔。几乎遍及全国。与
24、其他方言比较，北方话更具有交际上的共通性。第五，北方话语汇系统具有一致性，北方话语汇完全是随社会的发展发生变化的。3.“普通话要以典范的白话文著作为语法规范” ，这种说法对不对？为什么？【P11】这种说法不对。不是所有典范的白话文著作都能作为普通话的语法规范的。如水浒传 、 红楼梦等也是典范的白话文著作，但它属于近代汉语的旧白话文，与现代汉语语法已经有了一定差距。能作为普通话语法规范的是“现代白话文” ，即“五四”新文化运动以后出现的白话文著作。4.地域方言和社会方言有哪些差异？简要分析。 【P14、257】答：地域方言和社会方言都属于同一种语言的变体，前者更多地体现在地域环境中的差别，而后者
25、更多的是社会环境造成的差异。社会环境的差异常常表现在社会的分工方面。社会方言的使用不受地域的影响，如网络语言就通行于全国各地的“网民”这一特殊社会群体。社会方言如网络语言，与现实语言的差别主要体现在语汇方面，主要表现为语汇的变异，而不像地域方言那样体现在语音、语汇、语法各个方面。5.如何认识共同语与方言的关系？【P12】共同语来自方言，是在方言的基础上建立起来的，但共同语又高于方言，对方言起示范作用，规范方言的发展方向，而方言则从属于共同语，向共同语集中、靠拢。共同语是在某一种方言的基础上建立并发展起来的。民族共同语并不等于基础方言。共同语既在方言之上，又在方言之中。共同语以某一种方言作为基础
26、方言，但并不排斥其他方言，在其发展过程中还要不停地从别的方言中吸收一些有用的成分来充实自已，便之变得更加完善，更加适应交际需要。民族共同语言确立以后，方言的进一步分化就要受到限制，方言的进一步发展也要服从民族共同语言的发展。marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. -Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coa
27、l inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the “small“ and bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capaci
28、ty, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公 . Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stim
29、ulating the enthusiasm of the staff. -Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implemen
30、tation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance,
31、 contracts of up to 100%. -Star team-building to advance further. Establish a “holding system implementation, and promoting the whole“ team-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively
32、, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on “six cultural construction of“ harmonious development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the ent
33、erprise culture construction to a new level. -Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various
34、 cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the “Chinese cultural management advanced unit“, “National Advanced Unit in the building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30“ and other honorary titles. The liability of the company culture: solving management proble
35、ms of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as Chinas power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province.
36、 -Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to “maintainsecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development“ as the main content of the “three guarantees“ theme practice activities and “stressing party spirit, to conduct, for
37、 example“ campaign, party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staffs sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establ
38、ish “four good“ leadership activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. -Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their
39、 democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and “health Cup“ competition, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmoniou
40、s atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the “Su . Cutting costs can be controlled, money should not be wasted “management philosophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, im
41、prove cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology-science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investme
42、nt in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consum
43、ption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the int
44、ernal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development-is to construct a “foreign“ environment for development. “XING“ refers to the “internal security firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious“. “Foreign currency“ means “Enterprise
45、 coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.“ (B) XX 2013 five enterprises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment
46、 accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity 7.5三、简答题（共 3 道试题，共 30 分。社会实践题）1.结合汉语拼音知识到所在市镇街头观察了解汉语拼音的运用规范情况。资中县重龙镇是县政府所在地。仅观察路牌就发现不少汉语拼音的拼写错误。按规定应是分词连写的
47、，但所有路牌都是一字一音分开拼写。如“沱江大桥”拼写为 TUO JIANG DA QIAO,正确的拼写应为 Tuo Jiang Daqiao 或 TUO JIANG DAQIAO。 “武陵大道”拼写为 WU LING DA DAO,正确的拼写应为Wuling Dadao 或 WULING DADAO。这样的错误比比皆是，不但影响资中的形象，更给青年学生带来不良示范。2.到市镇街头、单位、学校，了解当地使用普通话的情况。这是对板栗桠乡中心学校使用普通话情况的调查结果：上课经常用 30.3%上课偶尔用 63.6%上课从不用 6.1%办公经常用 0.0%办公偶尔用 100.0%办公从不用 0.0%开
48、会经常用 0.0%开会偶尔用 100.0%开会从不用 0.0%电话经常用 0.0%电话偶尔用 100.0%电话从不用 0.0%接待经常用 0.0%接待偶尔用 100.0%接待从不用 0.0%出差经常用 0.0%出差偶尔用 18.2%出差从不用 81.8%生活经常用 0.0%生活偶尔用 93.9%生活从不用 6.1%从调查中可以看出，上课时经常使用普通话的人多一些，但比例也很小。其他时候都是偶尔使用。从不使用的比例也较高。这虽是一个学校的调查数据，但也反映了其他学校的大致情况。只有县城里的重点学校稍好些。学校尚且如此，其他行业可想而知。这说明我县推广和普及普通话还有相当长的一段路要走。3.方言词
49、语和普通话词语有很多不同，请你搜集当地方言中反映植物、动物、服饰、亲属称谓、身体、地理环境、熟语（俗语）的独特方言词，每种不少于三个。植物：洋芋土豆；海椒辣椒；包谷玉米动物：丁丁猫蜻蜓；播丝蜘蛛；干黄鳝蛇服饰：裤儿裤子；包包口袋；围腰围裙亲属称谓：老汉儿父亲；保保干爹；弟娃儿弟弟身体：脑壳头；颈杆儿脖子；手倒拐胳膊肘地理环境：凼凼水坑；岩坎崖壁；垭口山口熟语（俗语）：垒尖尖一斗碗（互不相让） ；鼓楼坝的麻雀吓大的；使口不如自走，求人不如求己。四、简答题（共 1 道试题，共 20 分。小组作品题）1.每五个人一个小组，综合社会实践题中的调研并结合本课程的学习，写一篇有关语言规范的文字，不低于 300 字，同时发布到中央电大汉语专题（1）课程论坛首页“语文规范大家谈”帖子中交流。marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. -Increasing electricity access, price
