1、必修 5Unit 1 Great scientists核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。易混辨析character/characteristic character n.性格，品质（本身具有的） ；角色，人物；字体，字符characte
2、ristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。易混辨析defeat/conquer/overcome三个词都含有“战胜” 、 “击败”的意思。 defeat 指“赢得胜利” ，尤其指军事上的胜利，如： defeat the enemy(打败敌人) 。conquer 指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature （征
3、服自然） 。overcome 指“战胜；压倒；克服” ，尤其指“感情” ，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难） 。defeat/beat/win defeat, beat 都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手) ”,后接竞争对手。如： beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家 /团队win 也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/frien
4、dship/reward .赢得比赛/ 战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/ 奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏3. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与 to 连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/ 出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。Which do
5、ctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?4. exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词 to 连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等） ；受到风险；使面临” 。常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露于be exposed to 暴露于Dont expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/ 风吹。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。The crime of the corrupt
6、officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。 5. curevt.丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来come to ones sense 苏醒过来make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in all sense 从任何意义上说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。重点句型13. So many tho
7、usands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句，every time 引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当” ，相当于“when” 。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died 是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time 每次；每当 at the time 在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last tim
8、e 意为“任何/ 下一次/第一次/最后一次” 。the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一就” 。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。She came to the scene the moment she heard o
9、f the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v. ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中
10、常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。Unit 2 The United Kingdom核心单词1. conveniencen.便利;方便联想拓展inconvenience n. 不方便convenient adj. 便利的;适宜的conveniently adv. 便利地，方便地常
11、用结构：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for ones convenience(of) 为了某人的方便for conveniences sake 为了方便起见make a convenience of 利用We bought this house for its convenience.我们买下这所房子是为了方便。Please come at your convenience.请在你方便的时候来。2. arrangev. 安排；排列；协商常用结构：arrange for 安排,准备arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事The child
12、 was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排。He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class.他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。3. delightn. 快乐;高兴; 喜悦vt.使高兴； 使欣喜常用结构:take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐to ones delight 令某人高兴的是delight in 嗜好；因感到快乐Sometimes an old movie can
13、 still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。The movie Xi Yangyang 脱离；改掉(旧习惯)；破除( 旧做法)The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里逃脱了。He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。You must break away from such habits.你必须改掉那些习惯。联想拓展break down 坏掉；打
14、破break into 闯入；打断 (话题)break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发break through 突围；突破break up 分解;结束；放假break in 闯入；插话break off 中止；中断高手过招 9. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑You have left out the most important word in this sentence.你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party.当你邀请人们去参加聚会时，别把我漏掉了。
15、联想拓展leave for 动身到 (某处)leave alone 不管；撇下一个人leave aside 搁置leave behind 遗忘；遗留高手过招 重点句型10. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要再去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。there is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事联想拓展there is no doubt that. 是毫无疑问的there is no possi
16、bility that. 是没有可能的theres no point in doing sth. 做没用/没意义Its no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处/ 害处/用处theres no use/no good/ no point（in）doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/ 意义It is no wonder that.难怪There is no need to worry at all.根本没必要着急。There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用，人家
17、根本不理睬。11. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible”及 “It is a pity/a shame/no wonder”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中用“should+v.”的形式， should 可省略。此处“should have+v. ed 分词”结构用来表
18、示“竟然已经; 居然已经” ，表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转动得如此慢。 It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited.真遗憾，他竟会这样自高自大。Im surprised that he should have been so foolish.我很奇怪，
19、他竟然会这么傻。Unit 3 Life in the future核心单词1. impression n.印痕；印记；印象；感想常用结构：have an impression of sth.doing sth. 对(做) 某事有印象make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对无影响效果give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象an impression of ones foot 某人的脚印Your performance gave me a strong impression.你的表演给我留
20、下了很深的印象。What I said made no impression on him. 我的话对他不起作用。联想拓展impress v.留下印象impress sth.onupon ones mind 把牢记在心上2. lackv. 出席常用结构：assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助(某人) 某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助(某人) 做某事assist sb. to do sth. 帮助( 某人)做某事assist with 帮助 (照料，做)；在上给予帮助I am willing to assist you whenever there is
21、an opportunity.有机会我愿随时帮你。Im afraid I cant assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。重点短语6. take up 从事；占 (时间、空间、注意力等)；继续This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。This
22、chapter takes up where the last one off.本章继续上一章的内容。联想拓展take off 脱掉（衣服等） ；起飞；打折；作为折扣而减价take over 接管；获得对的控制或管理take apart 拆开；分开后将分成许多部分take for 把视作；误认为take.for granted 认为是理所当然take down 写下；记下take back 收回 (诺言)7. sweep up 打扫；横扫These students are sweeping up dead leaves.这些学生们正在扫(拢) 落叶。He ran forward and sw
23、ept her up into his arms.他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。The whole country was swept up in the excitement.全国上下都沉浸在兴奋的气氛中。Wed better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly. 我们最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。联想拓展sweep aside 放/堆到一边; 不予理会sweep away 清; 消灭;彻底消除sweep off 扫清; 吹走; 大量清除sweep out 扫掉; 清除sweep over 将一扫而光; (某种感情) 掠过（的心头） 重点句型
24、8. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似， 联想拓展when flying 是 when you are flying 的省略形式。在有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中，如果谓语包含动词 be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，通常可以把从句中的主语和 be 动词省略。When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪里时，服务员非常有礼貌地
25、给客人带路。Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以向警方求助。9. .some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。注意：from 后面有时可接介词短语或 where 从句。联想拓展from under the floor 从地板下面
26、from behind the door 从门后面from under the table 从桌子底下From under the tree the man kept an eye on the sheep. 那个老人从树下留意着他的羊。Unit 4 Making the news核心单词1. eageradj. 热切的；渴望的联想拓展eager 的用法表示渴望得到某物，后接介词 for, after, about；表示渴望做某事，后接不定式；后接 that 从句时，从句谓语一般都用 “should动词原形 ”的虚拟语气结构。We are all eager for/after/about k
27、nowledge. 我们都求知心切。 He is eager for/after/about success. 他渴望成功。 He is eager to go abroad. 他渴望出国。She is eager to see her parents. 她渴望见到她的父母。Hes eager that they (should) come to see him.他很希望他们来看他。 易混辨析eager/keen/anxious eager 指 “以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目标的” ，有时也指 “由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的” 。keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的” 。an
28、xious 指“热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑的 ”。 2. meanwhileadv. 此时；同时；其间n. 同时(=meantime)meanwhile 意为“同时，在此期间” ，作为副词和名词，表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。它不用于说明人或事物的另一面。常用结构：in the meanwhile 在此期间（=in the meantime）Theyll be here soon. Meanwhile well have some coffee.他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。Meanwhile, my tongue was busy se
29、arching out the hole where the tooth had been.与此同时,我的舌头正忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。 Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.与此同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。 3. casen.事；案例；情形；场合；状况；事实；实情；案件；诉讼；病症；病例This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.这只是个愚蠢的例子，并非不诚实。Th
30、e police have a clear case against the prisoner.警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。In this case Im acting for my friend Mr Smith.我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯先生的利益。常用结构：as is often the case 这是常有的事as the case stands 在目前的情况下；就现有的情况而论in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话in any case 无论如何；总之in case+(that)clause 假使；如果；万一in case of 万一 ；如果发生 (just)
31、in case 以防(万一) (引导虚拟语气)in most cases 在大多数情况下Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.倘若太阳照射得很厉害，你就把帽子戴上。In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。4. denyvt. 否认；否定；拒绝相信；拒绝He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。 He denied his country. 他背弃了自己的国家。 He denies his
32、 wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。常用结构：deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃deny doing sth. 否认做过某事deny sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物 deny+that 从句否认易混辨析deny/decline/refuse/rejectdeny 指“坚定地否认某事为真实的” 。 decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝” 。 refuse 是普通用语，指“坚决、果断或坦率地 (不友善地)拒绝” 。 reject 指 “以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝( 通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝 )”, 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。He asked
33、her to go to the movies three times, but each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝了。5. covervi. （常与 with 连用）盖；覆盖vt. 包括; 涉及;报道n. 遮盖物；盖子；罩子 （图书、杂志的）封面The town covers 5 square miles. 这座小镇占地 5 平方英里。I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完 100 英里。The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。常用结构：be covered with 盖满；覆满；充满（羞惭，慌乱等）from cover to cover 从头到尾一页不漏 under the cover of 在掩护下；打着的幌子 cover up 完全盖住; 盖好 She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。 重点短语
