1、 1 状语从句状语从句一 分类： 种类 连接词 注意区别：时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly/until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardlywhen/no soonerthan/the moment/the minute/immediately有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first time例：The moment he reached the country, he started his se
2、arch. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：directly例：Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来， 大家就安静下来as 和 when、while ：as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while。从句表示“ 随时间推移“连词能用 as，不用 when 或while。till/until 和 nottill/until：until 可用于句首，而 till 通常不用于句首。地点状语 w
3、here/wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。原因状语 Because/as/since/now that/forbecause 和 since、for 、as、now that：because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since。由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。now that 都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的，since 可以是现在，也可
4、以是过去和现在。条件状语 if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时，如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that 和 in order that 后常接 may, should, could, would 等情态动词结果状语 sothat, suchthat其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能
5、修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。比较状语 Than/not so/asas/the morethe more Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as 结构)方式状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as-so， as if 和 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。2 状语从句让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/ as/, no matter what/who/which/how/
6、when，whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whenever ，whether-or-（不管-都）as 在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although 和 though 用正常语序，可和 yet 连用，但不可和 but 连用时间状语从句： when (当 的时候 ) while (在期间) as (当的时候, 一边一边)before (在 之前) since (自从以来) till/until (直到) hardlywhen (刚就)as soon as (一 就) after (在之后) nottill/until（直到才） no soonerthan(刚
7、就)地点状语从句： where (在那里) wherever(无论哪里)原因状语从句： because (因为) since (因为，既然) as (由于) for (为了) now that（既然） 目的状语从句： （so）that=in order that（以便） so as（ not）to （ 以便不） in case（以免） lest（以免）结果状语从句： so+adj./adv.+that（如此以致） so that（结果）such+n.+that（如果以致） that（所以，因此）让步状语从句： though/although 不可同 but 连用。though/although
8、 （虽然） however （可是） even though/if（即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever（不论什么/ 哪一个/哪里/谁/ 何时）比较状语从句： as （正如） asas（和一样） not as/so as （不如） than（比更）the+比较级+the+比较级 （越越）条件状语从句： if（假设） unless（如果不） so long as（只要） on condition that （如果）方式状语从句： as（像 那样地） just as
9、（正像） as if（好像） as though（好像）二 各种状语从句的简化方法：由 when/while/as/once/whenever 引导的时间状语从句由 if/unless 引导的条件状语从句由 though/although/even though/even if 引导的让步状语从句由 because 引导的原因状语从句状语从句由 wherever 引导的地点状语从句当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，且谓语动词为 be，常省略从句的主语和谓语 be.1 以 after 和 before 引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于 after/before+doing sth.
10、作状语。例 ： After she sang， she left the rich mans house = After singing， she left the rich mans house2 以 as soon as 引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于 on+doing sth.,作状语，此 时的动词为非延续性动词。例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village= Mary began to operate on the wounded soldier
11、s on arriving at the village3 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例：She stopped when she saw her husband = She stopped to see her husband If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside4 结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不
12、定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。3 状语从句例：He was so tired that he couldnt go any further= He was too tired to go any furtherI came here so that I could ask some questions= I came here(in order) to ask some questions5 以 when， while 引导的时间状语从句和以 if 引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于 when/while/if +doing sth.作状语
13、，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken= When turning on the radio，he found it brokenWhile she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car6 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例：Since l didnt know Chinese，I tried to
14、 speak to her in English= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house7 在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一
15、致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without 名词或代词十分词(短语)” 形式作状语。例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited= The film start appearing，the children got exitedIf all the work is done, you can have a rest= With all the work done，you can have a rest Nothing can live if there is no air= Nothing can
16、 live without air8 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常简化为with 或 in spite of 介词短语作状语。例：Although he faced his death，he didnt say anything before the enemy = Facing the death，he didnt say anything before the enemy. Although there was danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety = In spite of danger
17、，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety 三表示“一就“的结构hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和 as soon as 都可以表示“一就“的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner
18、置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.四 As 引导的让步状语从句的倒装：1形容词+as+主语+ 系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。2过去分词+as+主语+ 系动词：例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared t
19、o revise it.尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。4 状语从句3名词+as+主语+ 系动词：例：Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。4副词+as+主语+ 谓语部分：例：Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。5动词原形+as+主语+ 谓语的剩余部分：例：Try as you will，you wont be able to persuade him. 不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。
