1、高考定语从句八个考点定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是历年高考在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用知识能力的一个重点。为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目,本文结合近几年的高考试题,分析、探究定语性从句的考查,对其考查归纳为以下八个考点。 一、考查非限制性定语从句中的 which 在非限制性定语从句中,which 既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。 【经典题赏析】 1. My friend showed me round the town, _was very kind of him.(09 全国卷 II) A.
2、which B. that C. where D. it 解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法 ,选项中只有 which 可指代前面一个句子,并引导从句;it 虽然可代替前面句子,但不能起连接的作用,故答案为 A。 2. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. (08 江苏) A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析:引导非限制性定语从句时,which 在从句中可以作宾语,指代主句的主语
3、“The Science Museum”,而 where 只能作状语。故答案为 A。 3. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (07 浙江 ) A. that B. which C. who D. where 解析:该题逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语 ,所以选项范围应是关系代词,排除掉关系副词 where;而 that 不可以引导非限制性定语从句, 只有 which 可指代前面的 Chinas restaurant。故答案为 B。 【小结】
4、非限制性定语从句中,判断选 which 还是 where, when,关键在于分析定语从句的主干结构是否完整,如果该从句的先行词是物,从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,通常要用 which;如果从句中缺少状语,则用 when 或where。事实上 ,非限制性定语从句可理解成是某一并列句的转换。如:例1 可理解为:My friend showed me round the town, and it was very kind of him. 二、考查关系副词,尤其是 where 的考查 关系副词 where, when 在定语从句中既起连接作用,同时又在从句中充当状语,分别表地点、时间。选用关系副词的
5、关键是要求正确分析从句主干结构,选词必须符合句子的逻辑意义。 【经典题赏析】 1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. (09 福建) A. that B. when C. which D. where 解析:由于从句的主谓宾结构完整,只能选用状语 ,由先行词 a situation 可知,应选用作地点状语的 where 引导定语从句。故答案为 D。 2. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two
6、 or three days. (08 重庆) A. where B. there C. which D. when 解析:首先排除地点副词 there; there 不能引导从句,如果用 there,后半句要改为 and they plan to stay there for two or three days。由先行词“Washington”可知从句的关系词表地点,并且 stay 缺少状语 ,所以应该用where 连接主从句。故答案为 A。 3. Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use
7、the language properly. (07 陕西) A. which B. as C. why D. where 解析:此定语从句主谓结构完整, 缺少状语; 考虑到先行词 cases,选用关系词 where,相当于 in which(= in the cases)。故答案为 D。 【小结】从以上高考试题可以看出对于 where 引导的定语从句,先行词既可是明确的地点,也可是“模糊化的地点” 。如表示某人 / 物的 situation,或某事所发展的 stage 都可用 where 这个关系副词。 三、考查关系代词 whose whose 在定语从句中充当名词的定语,构成“whose
8、+ 名词”的形式; 既可以表示某人的,又可以表示某物的。其最显著的特点是空格后的名词缺少限定词。 【经典题赏析】 1. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.(09 天津) A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 解析:who 和 whom 只可做定语从句的主语或宾语；whoever 引导名词性从句；而 A person 作定语从句的先行词，从句中作主语的 e-mail account 缺少限定词，whose 可充当名词的定语。故答案为 C。 2.
9、 Look out! Dont get too close to the house_roof is under repair. (06 福 建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 解析:定语从句中作主语的 roof 缺少限定词,即定语,选择 whose 充当定语。而 of which 在这里无法与 the roof 搭配。故答案为 A。 【小结】在定语从句中,对于事物的所属关系,可以使用以下三种形式:whose + 名词,the + 名词 + of which 或 of which the + 名词。 四、考查介词 + which 或 whom 介词
10、后接关系代词,在从句中可以作定语或状语;如果先行词是人,关系代词用 whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词用 which。对于介词的选用则要综合考虑。 【经典题赏析】 1. Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西) A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 解析:该题从句谓语 argued 与介词 about 搭配表达“争论某事”, 故答案为C。 2. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch b
11、earers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon.(08 福建) A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 解析:此定语从句的先行词是 the top,从句的正常语序应该是:“A rare rainbow soon appeared _ the top of Mount Qomolangma”。显然应该填上“above”,表示山顶上。所以用 above which 连接主从句。故答案为D。 3. We shouldnt sp
12、end our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. (07 北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom 解析:由于先行词为 so many people,关系代词只能用 whom 引导非限制性定语从句。所以答案为 D。 【小结】从以上句子可以看出,“介词+which / whom +定语从句”这一考点,既考查学生的定语从句知识,又可考查学生对动词短语的掌握。解此类题的关键是把先行词代入相关定语从句中,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭 配或与先行词的关系、或由句子表达的整体句意来确定。 五、考查定语从句
13、中的分隔 一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后;但有时,定语从句和先行词常常被介词或其它成分分隔,干扰了句子结构的判断,从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。 【经典题赏析】 1. Shell never forget her stay there_she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (09 四川) A. that B. which C. where D. when 解析:此题的关键在于看出 there 分隔了先行词 her stay 和关系词引导的定语从句。根据先行词 her stay(表示“她呆的期间”)及从句
14、的句意,可知所选词须是作时间状语的连词来引导。故答案为 D。 2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08 山东卷) A. who B. which C. why D. when 解析:此句为了保持句子平衡,避免引起主句头重脚轻 ,构成了先行词occasions 和从句被主句的系表结构分隔现象。先行词 occasions 表时间,而且后面的定语从句缺少时间状语,所以应该用 when 或 on which 连接。故答案为 D。 3. Is that the small town yo
15、u often refer to? Right, just the one_you know I used to work for years. (05 福建) A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析:此题中关系词和其引导的从句的主谓结构被插入语 “you know”分隔,从句中主谓语结构完整,缺少地点状语。故答案为 C。 六、考查关系代词 as as 作关系代词主要用于非限制性定语从句指代整个主句,在从句中通常做主语或宾语;其引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后或主句之间。 【经典题赏析】 1. The Beatles, _ many of you ar
16、e old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (07 天津) A. what B. that C. how D. as 解析: 本句主谓语之间插入一个非限制性定语从句 ,选项中只有 as 可引导该从句,并作从句中 to remember 的宾语。故答案为 D。 2. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05 浙江) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 解析:本句是关系代词 as 引导的非限制性定
17、语从句 ,并在从句中作explained 的宾语,而其它三个选项引导句意完整的状语从句。故答案为C。 七、考查定语从句与并列句、其它从句、强调句型的辨析 学生常常由于不能理解和掌握同一个连词的不同功能导致对定语从句与状语从句、名词性从句、强调句或并列句等相混淆。 【经典题赏析】 1. What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _you are doing something serious but interesting. (09 北京) A. where B. which C.
18、 when D. that 解析:此题很容易选 that,误认为是强调结构“It is . that”,当把该结构取掉后,剩下的部分却不成立。事实上,a job 是先行词,从句主谓宾完整,缺少的只能是地点状语,因此答案为 A。 2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (05 全国 ) A. it B. she C. which D. he 解析:该题易误选为 which,因为忽视了并列连词 but 后连接简单句;代词 it 的用法之一就是代替前面所指内容。故答案为
19、 A。 3._is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04 北京 ) A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析:该题学生容易忽视逗号的作用而误选为 It,而 It 作形式主语时,逗号应改为 that 引导词即:It is reported . that talks. 如果用 What 表达此句意时,全句应改 What is reported . is that talks . 而关系代词 As 可以指代逗号后的整个主句,引导非限制性定语从句。 此题
20、考查非限制性定语从句中 as 的用法,又考查了对定语从句与名词性从句的掌握。所以此类题综合性非常强,难度较大。 八、考查关系代词的省略 关系代词 that, who(m), which 在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,在口语中常可以省略。 【经典题赏析】 1. The house I grew up_ _has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (09 江西) A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 解析:本题题干中 The house 后省略了作宾语的关系代词 that, which。定语从
21、句只缺少介词 in。故答案为 B。 2. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _ , is there? (05 北京) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 解析:该题中的 no one else 后面省略了作宾语的关系代词 whom 或 who;习惯短语“turn to” 表示 “向某人求助”,故答案选 B。 【小结】在某一名词或代词后出现从句,题干中又没出现连词时,通常省略的是 that,解题时
22、加上 that,会有助于清晰地理解整个句子结构。不妨试一试! 总之,在做定语从句相关试题的时候,我们首先要判断出来该句是否是一个定语从句,其次找出先行词,并看从句中是否缺少成分。准确的分析句子的成分是能否做对试题的关键。事实上,定语从句在高考各个题型中都有涉及,掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用都具有重要的意义。 【链接高考试题】 1. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (09 山东 ) A. who B. which C. when D. that 2. Anyway, that
23、evening, _Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. (04 浙江) A. when B. where C. what D. which 3. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (09 安徽 ) A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom 4. Life is like a long race _w
24、e compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重 庆) A. why B. what C. that D. where 5. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (07 全国 I) A. then B. there C. while D. where 6. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_ sight matte
25、rs more than hearing. (07 天津) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 7. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (08 湖南) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 8. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met be
26、fore. (09 全国 I) A. them B. who C. whom D. these 9. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. (07 辽宁) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 10. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone_ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one nig
27、ht. (09 年江苏) A. if B. when C. which D. since 11. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (09 浙江) A. which B. where C. how D. why 12. _has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. (03 上海春) A. That B. As C. It D. What 13. _ is often the case; we
28、have worked out the production plan. (04 江苏) A. Which B. When C. What D. As 14. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana; a city_ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (09 湖南) A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 15. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm
29、 _we worked. (07 山东) A. that B. there C. which D. where 16. Do you have anything to say for your selves? Yes, thats one point _ we must insist on. (06 江西) A. why B. where C. how D. / 17. After graduation she reached a point in her career she had to decide what to do. (07 江西) A. that B. what C. which
30、 D. where 18. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than the others, _ , of course, made the others envy him. (04 天津) A. who B. that C. what D. which 19. Alec asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. (02 全国) A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 20. It is reported that two schools are being built in my hometown will open next year. (07 四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which Keys: 1. B2. D3. B4. D5. D6. D7. B8. C9. B10. B11. B12. B13. D14. D15. D16. D17. D18. D19. C20. D
