1、 1 / 13状语从句什么是状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词等的句子成分叫状语，用来从地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和伴随状况等方面修饰说明谓语。e.g. He speaks English very well.（副词作状语）e.g. He is playing under the tree.（介词短语作状语）e.g. I come specially to see you.（不定式作状语）e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（从句作状语）e.g. Having had a quarrel
2、with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.（分词作状语）状语从句：状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等。引导状语从句的连词叫做从属连词。状语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。If its fine tomorrow, I will go with you.I will go with you if its fine tomorrow.状语从句分类： 1、时间状语从句2 / 132、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4
3、、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、让步状语从句8、比较状语从句9、方式状语从句时间状语从句从属连词： when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, whenever, as soon as（一 就）时态：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现一、When/while/as（当 时候）区别：主句动作与从句动作发生的时间（同时/之前 /之后） ；从句动词（延续性/瞬时性）1）When: when 引导时间状语从句时表示“ 当的时候”，when 既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用瞬间性动词，且动作既可和主句的3 /
4、13动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。且 when 引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） 。e.g. I will call you when I get there.e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.e.g. I will go home when the rain stops.e.g. When I got to the airport， the guests had left.A）如果 when 引导的时间状语 从句的主语与主句主语相同 ，而从句的谓语又是 be 动词时，那么从句中的主语和 be
5、可以省略;e.g. When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help.B）当 when 引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以省略从句的主语并用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。e.g. When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep.2）While while 引导时间状语从句时表示“ 当的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时 while 引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是
6、延续性动词，或者强调主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。记住，从句中始终是延续性动词，且从句多用进行时态。 （while 还可以表示对比，译成“然而” ，放4 / 13在句首可以表示“虽然” ）e.g. I met her while I was at school.e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.e.g. We were doing our homework while it was raining outside.e.g. Study while you study; play while yo
7、u play.3）Asas 引导时间状语从句时表示 “当时” （只引导瞬间性动词，两个动作是紧密联系的，一前一后进行） ，“一边一边” ，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， “随着” ，一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化从句中只能接延续动词。e.g. He jumps as he goes along.e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased.【When, while , as 辨析】三者均可以表示“ 当时候 ”，如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句表示的是延续性动作（主短从延） ，三者可以通用。I met Mr Li as /
8、when / while I was walking along the street.（1）While 意为“ 在期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词。The plane had left when we got to the airport.5 / 13（2）表示带有规律性的“每当” ，或者主从句动作有先后时，都只能用 when.When winter comes, it becomes cold.（3）表示“随着 ”时间的推移，主从句的内容是两种变化的情况，只能用 as.As the day went on, the weather got worse.（4）强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整
9、个时间，只能用 while.【巩固练习】1）I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps.A. while B. when C. since D. after2）He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while3）We were swimming in the lake _ su
10、ddenly the storm started.A. when B. while C. until D. before4） Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps?A. As B. While C. Because D. If5）I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.6 / 13A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occu
11、rred D. was going; had occurred答案 BCABC二、Before/afterbefore 引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前 ,常翻译为在“之前”， “才”或“就” 。e.g. See me before you leave.e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.after 引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后e.g. I saw them after I arrived.e.g. I found his pen a
12、fter he has left.【巩固练习】He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work.A. when B. before C. since D. thatIt was some time _ we realized the truth.A. when B. until C. since D. before7 / 13三、Till/until/notuntil1、肯定句：till 和 until 这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用(
13、放在句首时通常用 until 的形式，till 在口语中更为常见 )。主句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，表示 “到为止” ， “直到才(开始)”。 e.g. Walk till you come to a white house.e.g. We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.2、否定句：Not until，主句的谓语动词则为短暂性的，表示“直到才”，若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示“没有到”He didnt wait until/ till I returned.他没有等到我回来。not until 的三种用法：1） 用在句中
14、的基本用法e.g. He did not appear until the concert ended.2）与 that 搭配的强调结构e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared.3）用于句首的倒装结构主句倒装e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared.【巩固练习】8 / 131）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. afte
15、r C. since D. when2）A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3）I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help ou
16、t四、Since Since 引导的时间状语从句表示“ 自从以来”，需注意以下两1） 引导时间状语从句时，一般指的是“从过去的某一时间点以来” 的概念，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。从句用一般过去时，主句用完成时。e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here.e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school.2） 若表示到过去某一时间前的情况，则主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。通搭配为 it was+时间段+since 过去完成时或 it is+时间段+since 过去
17、时e.g. It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.9 / 13e.g. It was three years since we had been there.3）延续性动词相反翻译，瞬间性动词正常翻译It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不抽烟三年了。It is three years since I left there. 我离开那里已经三年了。【巩固练习】 1）They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have made B.
18、 have become C. have been D. have turned2） What was the party like? Wonderful. Its been 2 years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since5、 “一就”as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner than，hardly/ scarcelywhen和 once 1）as soon as表示对将来事情进行推测（用一般现在时表示将来）对过去事情进行陈述，表示两个动作同时进行或一前一后10 / 132）no soonerthan和 hardlywhen因为没有表达一种条件性，只能对过去事情进行陈述时态方面：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时倒装同时满足三点：否定词提前、主倒从不倒、部分倒装（be、助、情提到主语之前） 。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来。【课后练习】
