1、 1 被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to star
2、t. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A m
3、eeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来 时 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例 The project will have been complet
4、ed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
5、 3) 当 “动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the bu
6、ilding. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态 ) 。 例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二 、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 2 It is said that 据说 , It is reported that 据报道， It is believed that 大家相信， It is hoped that 大家希望， It is well k
7、nown that 众所周知， It is thought that 大家认为， It is suggested that 据建议。 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 三 、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英 语中有很多动词如 break， drive， lock， open， sell， read， write， wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 ,主语通常
8、是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 。 试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指 “门没有 锁 ”是人的原因） 2. 表示 “发生、进行 ”的不及物动词和短语，如： happen, take place, come out, come true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是 如何 印 出来的呢？ 3.
9、 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, look, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 Your reason sounds reasonable 四 、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 1 在 need， want， require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例 The house needs repairing（ to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式
10、表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例 The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy to be read） 3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。 ) 试比较： Ill go to the post
11、 office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you不是 post动作的执行者。 ) 被动语态专项练习 选择题 1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is ; built B. Was ; built C. Does ; build D .Did ; build 3 2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. ha
12、ppened 3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C .grows D. grow 4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited 5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D
13、. gives 6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done 7.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasnt sent 8.-When _ this kind of computer_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used
14、D. are; used 9.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D .was; written 10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D .asks to 11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D .told us 12.The monkey
15、was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump 13.Older people _ well. A. looks after B .must be looked after C. must look after D .looked after 14.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 15. In some part of the world, tea _
16、 with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had 17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year? A. would be completed B. will be completed 4 C. had been completed D. is being completed 18. Grea
17、t changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949. A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded 19. Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She has _ by her classmates. A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed
18、D. been laughed at 20. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 21. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to g
19、ive D. be given 23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 24. Can such a thing _ happening again? A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from 25. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is buildi
20、ng B. is being built C. been built D. be building 26. This bike _ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought 27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year? A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 28. It _ whether she will get her work in th
21、e hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided 29. The pen _ me. It is hers. A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 30. I cant use my bike because it _. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing 31.
22、 The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear . C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard 5 32 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 33
23、. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 34. How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed 35. What hap
24、pened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them 36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed
25、 C. was killed D. was killing 37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has
26、 changed C. C. will have changed D. will change 39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D
