1、毕业论文 文客久久 本科 毕业论文 (设计 ) 题 目： The Embodiment of Contradiction: An Analysis on Madame Defarge in A Tale of Two Cities 学 院： 学生姓名： 专 业： 英语 班 级： 指导教师： 起 止 日期： Contents Abstract . 错误 !未定义书签。 Introduction. 错误 !未定义书签。 1. The Contradiction of Madame Defarges Image-building. 错误 !未定义书签。 1.1 The kindness of Mad
2、ame Defarge . 3 1.2 The evilness of Madame Defarge . 错误 !未定义书签。 2. The Contradiction of Madame Defarges Revolutionary Attitudes错误 !未定义书签。 3. The Contradiction of Madame Defarges Tragic Destiny.8 3.1 Charles Darnay . 8 3.2. Madame Defarge . 10 3.3 The Distinctive Contrast of the Two Characters . 10 C
3、onclusion .11 Reference . 12 毕业论文 1 摘 要 查尔斯狄更斯（ 1812 1870） ,19 世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，他创作了大量的文学作品，反应了维多利亚时代的英国市井生活以及各个阶层人物的微妙心态。狄更斯尤其擅长从社会底层的“小人物”入手，来揭示复杂社会的现实。 双城记是狄更斯的代表作之一，小说以法国大革命为历史背景， 揭示 法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难 ，同时也 影射 着当时英国 的 社会现实，预示这场 “可怕的大火 ”也 可能即将 在英国 燃烧起来 。 小说自出版以来一直受到读者以及评论界的青睐，国内外学者已经运用多种文学理论从多个角度
4、对文本进行了分析和解读，例如仁爱与人道主义的表现，复仇情结的运用，叙事技巧等等。而 双城记小说中所无处不在的矛盾性也受到了极大的关注，从小说题目到作品中的人物，作品本身的主旨，各种矛盾性可见一斑。 作为推动 小说主线情节发展的主角之一，她的形象似乎已被作者定义为矛盾的化身，而这样的设置也就注定了其自我毁灭的悲剧结局。本文试图从其人物形象设置，她对于革命的态度以及人物命运的设置三个方面来分析探讨德伐吉太太充满矛盾的内心世界 ,揭示其自我毁灭的悲剧命运根源。 关键词 ： 德伐吉太太 ; 双城记 ; 矛盾 ; 毕业论文 2 Abstract Charles Dickens (1812-1870),
5、a famous Britain critical realism writer in 19th century, has produced a lot of outstanding works, which reflect the life in Britain and the subtle inner thoughts of various classes in Victorian Age. Dickens is especially good at describing the antihero in the social bottom to reveal the complex soc
6、ial reality. As a masterpiece of Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities tells a story in the history background of French Revolution in the later 19th century. This novel reveals the French nobles debauchery and shows the toiling masses sufferings. At the same time, it also means “the conflagration“ probably
7、 turn on in Britain soon. Since its very publication, this novel has aroused favor from readers and critics. Scholars both at home and abroad have researched and analysed this works from many angles by different literary theories, such as love and humanitarian performance, application of revenge, na
8、rrative techniques and so on. And the iniquity of contradiction in A Tale of Two Cities also aroused great attention. From the title of this novel to the characters and even the theme, contradiction exists everywhere though various expressions. As a leading role developing the plots of novel, Mrs. D
9、efarges image seems to have been defined as the embodiment of contradictions by Dickens deliberately, which destined Madame Defarges tragic self-destruction ending. This paper attempts to explore and analyse Madame Defarges inner world fulfilled with contradictions through image-building, her attitu
10、des to the Revolution and the setting of the fate of characters respectively so as to reveal the root of destined tragic self-destruction. Key Words： Madame Defarge; A Tale of Two Cities; contradiction; 毕业论文 3 The Embodiment of Contradiction: An Analysis on Madame Defarge in A Tale of Two Cities Int
11、roduction A Tale of Two Cities is one of the realist Charles Dickenss most important representative works. In the history background of French Revolution in the later 19th century, the works reveals the French nobles debauchery and shows the toiling masses sufferings. At the same time, it also means
12、 “the conflagration“ may turn on in Britain. “It was the best of the times, it was the worst of the times, it was the age of the wisdom, it was the age of the foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness ,it was t
13、he spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,“(Dickens, 1933: 1) Just as the beginning famous part going, A Tale of Two Cities is filled with contradictions, not only in the theme, but also in the characters. Contractions are woven into this novel between words and lines. As an important characte
14、r developing the plots, Madame Defarge plays a vital role in the whole story, whose tragedy has also been a part of the contradictions existed in this novel. This thesis attempts to analyse Madame Defarge through three different but related internally aspects to reveal the root to her tragic: the im
15、age-building with double personalities, her extreme revolutionary attitudes and the fated tragic destiny contrasted with other characters in novel. 1. The Contradiction of Madame Defarges Image-building Firstly, the thesis will analyse the character Madame Defarge herself. The reflection of the dist
16、inct dual personality is displayed sharply in the first part and the latter part. Dickens uses this writing technique to show a complicated character of Madame Defarge. 1.1 The Kindness of Madame Defarge The first description of the character Madame Defarge is as follows: “Madame Defarge was a stout
17、 woman of about his own age, with a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at anything, a large hand heavily ringed, a steady face, and great composure of manner.“(Dickens, 1981: 37) As a very common wife, she is always busy in knitting, as well as observing everything around her. She is smart, wri
18、ting down the reactionary heinous crimes and transmitting the news of the Revolution by the woven fabric. When the storm of the Revolution was swept through French, she delivers the messages to the customers in 毕业论文 4 wine-shop by the rose. Once finding agents to investigate, she will take up the ro
19、se. Therefore they will end the discussion of political current affairs and go out of the pub. Though the agents know the strange of the rose, no one in the wine and Madame Defarge say nothing about the political current affairs only knitting. They often have to leave without any achievement. The wi
20、ne-shop becomes a very important place for the Revolutionary. At the same time, she and her husband could take advantage of their wisdom to find the manuscript in the hidden corner in the Bastille, which is written by Dr.Manette, recorded the crimes of the twins-Marquis St. Evremonde. Through the de
21、scription of Madame Defarge, it inspires me the view that she is a full of wit and intelligent people. However, she also has a strong personality, bearing the hatred of the family in mind, graving the humiliation silently in heart. She has never given up knitting to record from the beginning to the
22、end. When learned that Darnay is the Marquiss nephew and they have the manuscript as the evidence, she persists in her belief that will exterminate all the aristocratic power, eliminate all the names in the list. Furthermore, she even doesnt want to let Lucie and her child go. Her faith drove her to
23、 move towards the bloodthirsty extremely. After knowing Carton walk on the guillotine instead of Darnay, Madame Defarge still refuses to set him free. Under the situation that his husband is hesitated, which means no one is approve of her, the thought never changed even shake in a minute. These fact
24、s also show that she has very firm faith, though the method is not correct. If this is a correct desirable belief, she could achieve great success unquestionably. I can learn that she is brave, always has no fear to the power invariably. Standing in front of the Marquis, all the people lower their h
25、eads, maybe in their hearts not convince, but no one display their thought to the Marquiss face. Only Madame Defarge chin up and chest out, straight staring at the Marquis. We have to admit that such a woman is very great. In addition, after the outbreak of the Revolution, she becomes the women lead
26、er, in such a time, she lead the people to lift the Revolution to climax again and again, attacking the noble power repeatedly and fiercely. She stands firmly in the forefront of Revolution without any hesitation, leading great amount of people to destroy the evil forces. Therefore, we could learn t
27、hat she never give in to the noble. It was also said in Half Seawater, Half Flame On the portraits in a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, which was written by Guan Wenyi. He mentioned that Dickens described many clubs to create the positive Madame Defarge, which was also agreed by Kang Ping and
28、 Wang Yan showed in Analysis of Authors Ideological Limitation From Two Characters in A Tale of Two Cities. Such a woman, her image is distinctive in our hearts, great, strong, intelligent, caring, and hardworking. So many shinning qualities we could learn. While, on the one hand, Madame Defarge is
29、favorable and imposingly, on the other hand , she also have the opposite side of the character. 1.2 The Evilness of Madame Defarge 毕业论文 5 However, from another angle to analyse the character, it seems that she turns out to be another person. It was also mentioned in Half Seawater, Half Flame On the
30、portraits in a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. After the outbreak of the Revolution, Madame Defarge turns out to be the embodiment of evil. Of course, firstly, the thesis will analyse the characters family background, because thats one of the most important factors to form her personality. Da
31、rnays uncle and his father are twins, who are just the brother of the Marquis St. Evremonde. They treat human life as if it were even not worth a straw, and reveled in evil of every kind. Several decades ago, as nobles, they used their special identity to persecute all Madame Defarges family members
32、. All the family were worked for the brothers. Madame Defarges elder sister was a Supernatural beauty. The tragedy was originated from the beauty. After the marriage, the younger of twin brothers coveted the attractive woman. Consequently, they started the nobles game, but a tragedy to the family. T
33、hey treated brother-in-law as cattle, let him to work day and night, and even not gave him food to eat. Sometimes, he should still work in poisonous gas. After several days, the brother-in-law could not endure the life and passed away miserably in the elder sisters arms. Later, her sister became the
34、 nobles toy. Their father couldnt bear the anger and passed away soon afterwards. Standing such kind of humiliation, Madame Defarges brother put forward to have a duel with the twins. Finally, he was seriously injured in the duel and died full of hatred and pity. And her sister kept shrieking for mo
35、re than a week before she leaved the world. Madame Defarge became the only survivor of the family. At an early age, she had been a parentless child, living all depend on herself. It helps me understand that how many difficulties she should face with in the growing progress. In such background, a gre
36、at many of angry and hatred have on her shoulder from childhood. Full of reproach trampled consciousness and deep-rooted class hatred are filled with all her mind. Therefore, she frantically revenged. As for her, because of the miserable life, she had to live bravely and independently. It also helps
37、 us to understand why Madame Defarge turns to be one with no mercy and compassion. After the outbreak of the Revolution, the bloodthirsty revenge factor also be activated in her heart. She bring guns, knives, and an axe, rushed into the tidal wave of the Revolution. Eventually, the revenge could be
38、paid after so many years during her waiting. After the old officer was injured and lay weltering in blood, she cut off his head by sword cruelly. Even if is related to Dr.Manettes son-in-law, she is also with indifference. The poor doctor, because the matter of the family of Madame Defarge, held in
39、prison for the most part of his life. After he came out the Bastille, he was old with a head of white hair. Now, he saw the bright again with much difficulty and melted with his daughter fortunately. In the daughters special care, he gradually regained consciousness, while facing with such a situati
40、on. Between the happiness of her daughter and the sorrowful life in prison, 毕业论文 6 he has a struggle. In the end, he chooses to forgiveness and brings the daughters hand to Darnay. The old man couldnt live in the world for a long time. His only cherished desire is to see his daughter living happily.
41、 Nevertheless, God make a joke to the poor man. His son-in-law is put into prison because of his written manuscript. That is how grieved thing for the pitiful old man to meet with and undertake. Lucie pleaded Madame Defarge, while the reply is a cold response. She is determined to see the exterminat
42、ion of the aristocratic power. To achieve this goal, she will clean all the obstructions of people and things in the way. It contributes to help us learn that from head to foot even the blood, nowhere in her body is not cold. As the only survivor of the family, she survives with the only faith-reven
43、ge. It inspires me to image the scene that she is like a head of a ready wolf, in the darkness of night to spy out the preys every move, waiting for the right opportunity. It will catch all the preys and cut the weeds and dig up the roots. It was agree by Zhou Jiu-quan in The Tragedy of Madame Defar
44、ge in A Tale of Two Cities Analyzing the Character in the Angle of Sartre s Existentialism. What is life, what is the meaning of life, why we exist in the world, to her, its so deep to understand. As long as the touching of the nobles or the forces of reaction, her nerves are stretched tightly, and
45、couldnt let any relevant people and things away. Its too difficult for her to comprehend the meaning of the word-forgiveness, but only revenge in her mind. We can also learn that in the process of revenge, how great harm bring to others, this point is ignored by her. In the fact, she could not paid
46、any attention to other people or matter, the only one she keeps a watchful eye was how to revenge, whose name was on the list, and who was the next target. What she didnt realize is that the pains were so familiar to these she suffered when she was young. She is pitiful and sorrowful. In the process of retaliation, the only achievement is not the happiness, but the boundless void. The heart is full of fear: without revenge, she lost the only faith to support her survival and she didnt know the meaning of living in the world. Such a great woman, after the beginning of revenge, the final res
