1、 1 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When
2、he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison
3、, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers sur
4、prise. 2 One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of Londons big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes i
5、n his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨骼 ) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子 ). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered
6、that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert. 3 On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xian with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him
7、 and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.” Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xian on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India. When he was 11, he read the book M
8、arco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xian and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander s next destinations (目的地 ) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 4、（ 1 分） Mr. Grey was the mana
9、ger of a small office in London. He lived in the country, and came up to work by train. He liked walking from the station to his office unless it was raining, because it gave him some exercise. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him and said to him, “You may not reme
10、mber me, sir, but seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets, I stopped you in this street and asked you to lend me some money, and you lent me 5, because you said you were willing to take a chance so as to give a man a start on the way to success.” Mr Grey thought for a few minu
11、tes and then said, “Yes, I remember you. Go on with your story!” “Well,” answered the stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?” 5、（ 1 分） Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The p
12、ull of the earth is called gravity. You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you. Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the e
13、arth as it whirls (旋转 ) around. Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape (逃出 ) the earth s gravity and carry you into space. 6、（ 1 分） An expensive car speeding down the
14、main street of a small town was soon caught up with by a young motorcycle policeman. As he started to make out the ticket, the woman behind the wheel said proudly, “Before you go any further, young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.” The officer did no
15、t say a word, but kept writing. “I am also a friend of chief of police Barens,” continued the woman, getting more angry each moment, Still he kept on writing. “Young man,” she persisted, “ I know Judge Lawson and State Senator (参议员 ) Patton.” Handing the ticket to the woman, the officer asked pleasa
16、ntly , “ Tell me, do you know Bill Bronson.” “Why, no,” she answered. “Well, that is the man you should have known,” he said, heading back to his motorcycle, “I an Bill Bronson.” 7、（ 1 分） Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day
17、she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取 ) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school
18、and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师 ) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it
19、 difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the
20、 first medical school for women. 8、（ 1 分） In todays age of fast travel, the world seems a smaller place- and to some people, a less exciting place, Fifty years ago only a few English people and holidays abroad, People who didnt travel thought of other countries as very far away and different. For ex
21、ample, people thought the French all eat garlic(大蒜 ), the Italians all eat spaghetti(细条实心面 ). and the Americans all drink Coca Cola, These definite(明确的 ) ideas of other nationalities are called stereotypes(陈规老套 ) . But do we have the same stereotypes today? People travel more, we all watch the same
22、TV programmes, and ideas travel quickly too. Nowadays everyone eats garlic and spaghetti and drinks Coca Cola. Everyone listens to the same music. wears the same fashions(流行式样 ) , buys the same cars. They just do it in a different language! 9、（ 1 分） We are used to the idea of aging in ourselves. We
23、are so used to this that it comes as a surprise to find that there may be some animals that do not age. Sea anemones(海葵 ) are an example. Some have been kept for nearly a century without showing any signs of lifelessness. Some kinds of sea worms can even “ grow backwards.” If kept in the dark and gi
24、ven nothing to eat, they get steadily smaller, They finally end as a ball of cells(细胞 ) looking rather like the egg from which they came. Under good conditions the ball will turn back to a worm and start growing again. One could probably keep them growing and un-growing again and again. 10、（ 1 分） No
25、w Id like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two of three pens in case you run out of ink. And unlike the midterm exam, this test will not include multiple - choice questions; it will consist entirely of essays(
26、文章 ). You ll have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive (全面的 ), which means you ll be responsible for all of the subject matters we covered in class this term, I would suggest you review your midterm exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The final exam
27、 will count as 50 percent of your grade of the course. The research project (项目 ) will count as 20 percent and the midterm exam 30 percent. I ll be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and Ill see you on Tuesday. 11、（ 1 分） When Dean
28、 Arnold got his first job, he was miserable (痛苦的 ), Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldn t breathe. Working in a bakery(面包房 ) when you are allergic to (对过敏 ) flour can be painful. But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped the
29、m improve production. At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company. With his wife and mother, he founded Arnold Bakery. They tried new recipes (配方 ). changing the kind and amount of flour used. This enabled Arnold to work there without too much pain. The bread,
30、made with unbleached flour (标准粉 ), was baked in a brick oven (烘炉 ). They began by baking two dozen loaves. The bread was sold door to door for fifteen cents a loaf. Winning customers to his unusual, old-fashioned bread took time. But Arnold, struggling against his allergy, built his bakery into one
31、of the largest in the United States. 12、（ 1 分） When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes, Everything else seems blu
32、rry(=unclear). Many people who do a lot of work, such as writing, reading and sewing become nearsighted. Then People who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arms length. If the
33、y want to do much reading ,they must get glasses, too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism (散光 ). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障 ). Long ago these
34、people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them. Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle (角度 ). To prove this to yourself, look at an object our of one eye; then look at the same
35、 object out of your other eye. You will find the objects relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes. 13
36、、（ 1 分） Grandma was a wonderful story-teller, and she had a set of priceless, individually (独特地 ) tailored stories with which American grandparents of her day brought up children. There was the story of the little boys who had been taught complete, quick obedience (服从 ). One day when they were out o
37、n the grassy plain, their father shouted. “ Fall down on your faces!” They did, and the terrible prairie(草原 ) fire swept over them and they weren t hurt. There was also the story of three boys at school, each of whom received a cake sent from home. One saved his, and the mice ate it; one ate all of
38、his , and he got sick; and who do you think had the best time? Why, of course, the one who shared his cake with his friends. 14、（ 1 分） The most important use of drifting (漂流 ) bottles is to find ocean currents. When the position and direction of currents are known, ships can use the forward movement
39、 of a current or stay away from currents that would carry them off their course. Benjamin Franklin was one of the first to use bottles in the study of currents. He wondered why British mall ships needed a week or two longer than U.S. ships needed in order to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Franklin though
40、t the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流 ) might explain this difference. Franklin talked with captains of U.S. ships. He found that they knew each turn of the Gulf Stream. They used the current in every possible way. From his talks with the captains. Franklin made his first map of the Gulf Stream. Then he checked
41、his map by using sealed (密封的 ) bottles. The map that he finally made is still used, with only a few changes, today. 15、（ 1 分） The Guidance Department (教导处 ) at Burrville High School has a staff (职员 ) of eleven. Most of their work is done with the students. But the staff sees a lot of parents, too. “
42、Parent meetings form a clear monthly pattern,” says Mildred Foreman, Guidance Director. “This pattern stays much the same from year to year. The busy months are October, March and May.” September starts rather slowly. Few parents come in, Most of these want to discuss the schedules (日程安排 ). October
43、brings many behaviour (行为 ) problems. Some parents are called in. Others come by themselves. Things quiet down in November December is a quiet month. “Its the holiday,” Ms Foreman says. “People want to come in, I know , but they decide to wait until after New Years Day.” Report cards go home just be
44、fore Christmas holidays. Bad marks bring parents in as school reopens. This happens again in March, another report card month. May is always the years busiest month. Thats when parents realize that their children might be held back (留级 ). They come in to see if anything can be done before things are decided in June.
