1、1威廉一世 King William I the Conqueror “征服王“1066-1087Domesday Book was completed in 1086.威廉二世 King William II Rufus “红毛王“ 1087-1100亨利一世 King Henry I Well-Educated, Beauclerc “儒雅王“ 1100-1135Norman Britian 诺曼王朝（10661154 年）征服者威廉登基后称一世，在位21 年。王位先后传给他的两个儿子威廉二世和亨利一世。如此历经三王之后， “绝嗣断统”，也就是说这个家庭继绝了男性继承人。然而出自女系的继承
2、人还有两系。先是威廉一世的外孙斯蒂芬登上王位。另一系不答应，结果爆发了一场夺位战。双方打得精疲力竭，议定斯蒂芬死后，由另一系继位。斯蒂芬(King Stephen) (布洛瓦王朝) 1135-1154Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152, thus acquiring all western France from Normandy to the Spanish border. 2亨利二世 King Henry II Curtmantle “短斗篷王“ 1154-1189Thomas Becket was murdered in 1170.
3、 理查一世 King Richard I Coeur de Lion “狮心王“ 1189-1199约翰 King John Lackland “无地王“ 1199-1216John was forced to accept Magna Carta in 1215.亨利三世 King Henry III) 1216-1272Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council to meet at Westminster in 1265, which is seen as the earliest parliament.爱德华一世 King Edward I
4、 Long Shank) “长脚王“ 1272-1307Wales came under the English Crown in 1284.爱德华二世 King Edward II 1307-1327House of Plantagenet 金雀花王朝（11541399 年）又称 House of Anjou,安茹王朝斯蒂芬命归西天后，亨利一世的外孙继位，称亨利二世。他本是法国的安茹伯爵，纹章以金雀花为图案，王朝也因而得名。英法相争的百年战争就是在这个朝代爆发的。此王朝传八世而终，其中包括约翰王。爱德华三世 King Edward III 1327-Black Death swept thr
5、ough England in 31377 1348. 理查二世 King Richard II 1377-1399The Peasant Uprisiing of 1381亨利四世 King Henry IV 1399-1413亨利五世 King Henry V 1413-1422兰开斯特王朝（13991464 年）The Lancaster金雀花王朝最后一位国王理查二世被他的堂弟策动宫廷政变废黜秘裁，演出了一幕“煮豆燃豆萁”的惨剧。新上台的亨利四世是兰开斯特公爵之子，王朝因此而得名。这个王朝历亨利四、五、六三世，被约克公爵的后裔推翻。这两个家族本是同根，兰开斯特家族以红玫瑰为徽号，约克家族
6、以白玫亨利六世 King Henry VI 1422-1461England was defeated in the Hundred Years War in 1453. (Wars of Roses, 1455-1485)4瑰为标志。两家争夺王位的战争就叫作“玫瑰 之战”。 爱德华四世 King Edward IV 1461-1483爱德华五世 King Edward V 1413-1483约克王朝（14611485 年）The York这个朝代最短，只有 25 年，大部分时间都是爱德华四世在位。 理查三世 King Richard III 1483-1485Richard III was
7、defeated by Henry Tudor in the last battle of the Wars of Roses in 1485.亨利七世 King Henry VII 1485-1509The end of Wars of Roses in 1485 the South Sea Company bubble; criticised for Great Britains poor performance in the War of Jenkins Ear.Spencer Compton,1st Earl of Wilmington(16731743)(1742-1743)Incr
8、eased tax on spirits; in poor health for much of his time as Prime Minister, the government was led de facto by John Carteret. Died in office.Henry Pelham(16941754)(1743-1754)Reorganisation of the Royal Navy; 1745 Jacobite Rebellion; adoption of the Gregorian Calendar; Marriage Act 1753; helped end
9、the War of the Austrian Succession. Died in office.汉诺威王朝（17141901 年）The Hanover斯图加特王朝的安妮女王去世时，根据“王位继承法”应由詹姆斯一世的孙女索菲亚继位。但她已死去，王位就由其子德 乔治二世 King John Kays flying Thomas Pelham-Holles, Led Great Britain into the Seven Years War with France in North 7George II1727-1760shuttle in 1733 1st Duke of Newcast
10、le(16931768)(1754-1756)America.William Cavendish,4th Duke of Devonshire(17201764)(1756-57)The government was largely run by William Pitt the Elder.Thomas Pelham-Holles,1st Duke of Newcastle(16931768)(1757-62)Great Britain gained more influence abroad in the Seven Years War; the war was largely prose
11、cuted by Pitt the Elder as Secretary of State.乔治三世 King George III1760-1820Industrial Revolution, 1836-1848 James Watt improved the steam engine in 1765. John Stuart,3rd Earl of Bute(17131792)(1762-63)First Scottish Prime Minister. Ended the dominance of the Whigs; Treaty of Paris (1763) ending the
12、Seven Years War; resigned after fierce criticism of Treaty of Paris concessions.George Grenville(17121770)(1763-65)Briefly lowered domestic tax at the expense of the colonies, though this was rapidly repealed; introduced the unenforceable Stamp Act 1765 (which is popularly cited as one of the causes
13、 of the American Revolution). His repealing of the taxes he rolled out were for all except that on tea, which was used as a reason for the Boston Tea Party.Charles Watson-Wentworth,2nd Marquess of Rockingham(17301782)(1765-66)Repealed the controversial Stamp Act 1765, inspired by protests from both
14、American colonists and British manufacturers who were affected by it and its difficulty to enforce; introduced the Declaratory Act 1766.国的汉诺威选侯继承，称乔治一世，从此开始了汉诺威王朝，一直延续到维多利亚女王。这个王朝的前四位君主都命名为乔治，即一世至四世。所以，有时也把他们在位的时期（17141830 年）称为乔治时代（Georgian） William Pitt the Elder, The first real Imperialist; credit
15、ed with the birth of the British 81st Earl of Chatham(17081778)(1766-68)Empire; defeated France in Canada, thereby indirectly precipitating the French Revolution.Augustus FitzRoy,3rd Duke of Grafton(17351811)(1768-70)Attempted to reconcile with the American colonies.Frederick North,Lord North(173217
16、92)(1770-82)MP for BanburyLed Great Britain into the American Revolution; the Gordon Riots; attempted reform in Ireland; resigned after a vote of no confidence against the will of the King.Charles Watson-Wentworth,2nd Marquess of Rockingham(17301782)Acknowledged the independence of the United States
17、; began a process of economic reform. Died in office.William Petty-FitzMaurice,2nd Earl of Shelburne(17371805)(1782-83)Planned political reform; secured peace with the United States, France and Spain.William Cavendish-Bentinck,3rd Duke of Portland(17381809)(1783-83)Titular head of the Fox-North Coal
18、ition. Attempted to reform the British East India Company, but was blocked by George III.William Pitt the Younger(17591806)(1783-1801)Youngest Prime Minister. India Act 1784; attempted to remove rotten boroughs; personally opposed to the slave trade; reduced the national debt due to the rebellion in
19、 the North American colonies; formed the Triple Alliance; Constitutional Act of 1791; the 9Macartney Embassy (17921794), first of its kind to China; war with France starting in 1793; Cape Colony (South Africa) taken 1795; introduced the first income tax; Act of Union 1800.Henry Addington(17571844)(1
20、801-04)Negotiated the Treaty of Amiens with France in 1802.William Pitt the Younger(17591806)(1804-06)Alliance with Russia, Austria and Sweden against France (Third Coalition); Battle of Trafalgar; Battle of Ulm; Battle of Austerlitz. Died in office.William Wyndham Grenville,1st Lord Grenville(17591
21、834)(1806-07)Abolition of the slave trade.William Cavendish-Bentinck,3rd Duke of Portland(17381809)(1807-09)He headed a Tory government; was old and ill, leaving the Cabinet to their own devices (largely headed by Spencer Perceval).Spencer Perceval(17621812)(1809-12)Descent of George III into madnes
22、s and the outset of the Regency era; his administration was notable for the lack of senior statesmen (Perceval also served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer); Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The only Prime Minister to have been assassinated.Robert Banks Jenkinson,2nd Earl of Liverpool(
23、17701828)(1812-27)Oversaw the United Kingdoms victory in the Napoleonic Wars; the Congress of Vienna; an economic recession in 1817; the Luddite movement; The War of 1812 (in Britain, the American War of 1812 to 1815); Peterloo Massacre in 1819; return to the gold standard in 1819; victory over the
24、Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 101819; the Cato Street Conspiracy to assassinate Liverpool in 1820.乔治四世 King George IV1820-1830George Canning(17701827)(1827-27)Died shortly after taking office.Frederick John Robinson,1st Viscount Goderich(17821859)(1827-28)Lacked support amongst colleagu
25、es; resignedArthur Wellesley,1st Duke of Wellington(17691852)(1828-30)First Irish Prime Minister; Catholic Emancipation Bill (over which he fought a duel).威廉四世 King William IV1830-1837Chartist Movement, 1836-1848Charles Grey,2nd Earl Grey(17641845)(1830-34)Reform Act 1832; quelled Swing Riots; restr
26、iction of employment of children; reform of the Poor Laws; abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.William Lamb,2nd Viscount Melbourne(17791848)William IVs opposition forced him to resign.Arthur Wellesley,1st Duke of Wellington(17691852)Caretaker government while Sir Robert Peel was locat
27、ed and returned to London. Held many of the major posts himself.Sir Robert Peel(17881850)(1834-35)Minority government. Unable to form a majority in Parliament so resigned.William Lamb,2nd Viscount Melbourne(17791848)(1835-41)A father figure to Queen Victoria; Municipal Corporations Act 1835; Bedchamber Crisis; Treaty of Waitangi.
