1、英语专业八级考试汉译英常见问题解析之一1. 混淆词的具体含义和一般含义.例 1. 原文 得病以前, 我受父母宠爱, 在家横行霸道. 学生译文 1 I were deeply loved by parents and so arrogant (傲慢) in the home before got illness. 学生译文 2 I were spoiled by my parents and so aggressive(好斗, 具有攻击性) at home before I got illness. 学生译文 3 Before I was ill, I was spoiled by my par
2、ents, played an important role in my family. 参考译文 Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. 这句话是以孩子的口吻去写, “横行霸道” 在此是为所欲为的意思, 暗指孩子的淘气. 2. 近义词的滥用原文 在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。学生译文 In interpersonal relationship, we do not need too much romanticism. 参考
3、译文 1 In interpersonal relations, we should not be too romantic. 参考译文 2 One should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Relation: 指关系是有方向性，有好坏、强弱之分。Relationship: 则相反。 3多余的翻译原文 吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。 学生译文 Consequently, to attract immigrants from other countries has become a national policy lon
4、g practiced by Canada. 参考译文 1 Thus, to draw in immigrants has been a national policy of Canada for a long time. 参考译文 2 Thus, to draw in immigrants has been Canadas national policy for long. 4. 语篇衔接不当原文 开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜 学生译文 As you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger cha
5、ff tastes sweet as honey. 参考译文 1 As you start eating you are in hunger, when chaff tastes sweet as honey 参考译文 2 When you begin to eat you are hungry, so chaff tastes sweeter than honey 英译汉主要是理解以及文化视角的问题。 In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the
6、family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢
7、心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marr
8、iage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或
9、者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成的）缘由。Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need
10、children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. 除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭-夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children
11、, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩
12、子。作为一种社会体制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。英译汉练习： Sept.11 delivered both a shock and a surprisethe attack and our response to itand we can argue forever over which mattered more. There had been so much talk of the goodness that erupted that day that we forget how unprep
13、ared we were for it. We did not expect much from a generation that had spent its middle age examining all the ways it failed to measure up to the one that had come beforeall fat, no muscle, less a beacon to the world than a bully, drunk on blessings taken for granted.911 事件让我们措手不及，也令我们震惊不已。如果要问袭击造成的
14、影响和我们做出的反应，哪一个更有讨论意义，可能永远也没有办法给出答案。四面八方传颂着当天涌现的英勇感人事迹，我们却忘记了自己疏于防备而不堪一击。我们本没有对这一代人期待太多，因为我们看到的是他们花去壮年时期反复考察他们不及上一代人的原因。结果落得大腹便便，看不到一丝一毫的力量与活力。他们自以为是世界的航标，其实是身在福中不知福的恃强凌弱者。汉译英练习：所谓个人自由，当然包括了到处流浪的自由。有人为求上有瓦片下有寸地一日三餐有着落，就找个朝九晚五的工作把自己软禁在办公室。有人不喜欢干活或喜欢赤条条来去无牵挂，就有一顿没一顿地到处晃荡，各式人等都有自己的归宿，你凭什么看着别人不顺眼？于是，威风凛凛
15、的白宫卫士和手拿咖啡杯的乞丐们和平共处，成了华盛顿一景。To them the so-called individual freedom includes, of course, the freedom to rove anywhere they choose to. Some people find a nine-to-five-oclock job and confine themselves to the office just to have their house and three meals a day guaranteed. Some dont like working or
16、they enjoy roaming about unconcernedly, so they just hang around with no regular meals secured. Each has his own way of living; how should you find others ways offensive to your eyes? Thus, the majestic-looking White House guards co-exist peacefully with the vagrants begging with a coffee cup in their hands, making it quite a sight of Washington.
