1、例题解析 1第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23“30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1个正确的小标题；(2)第 27“-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Passage 12005 年理工 C 概括大意完成句子考题A Star Is Born1 The VLT(Very Large Telescope)is the worlds largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking
2、 astronomers(天文学家)further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possibleLocated 2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mirrors，each about the size of a London busThe VLT is so powerful it Can spot a burning match 10000 kilometers away2 This astonishing power will allow astronome
3、rs to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision(碰撞)of galaxies(星系)on the edge of the cosmos(宇宙)The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmosThe power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed3 Take the case of Eta
4、 Carinae，one of the most explosive stars in the universeThis star produces ultraviolet laser rays(紫外线)and it will destroy itself in a few million yearstimeIt is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!4 But it is at distances of millions，even
5、 billions，of light years that the VLT really shows its powerThe VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existedThis gives astronomers their firstever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos5 In other wordsthe VLT is a kind of a time
6、machineIt takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each otherThe effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists，and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to comeOne day, we might be able to say we have
7、traveled back to the beginning of time，and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born1. Paragraph 1 _.2. Paragraph 2 _.3. Paragraph 3 _.4. Paragraph 4 _.A. Events that took place before the earth existedB. Power of the telescopeC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Invention of a time mach
8、ineE. Biggest telescopeF. Birth of the new worlds5. The VLT will allow scientists to see events _.6. The designers of the VLT are surprised at _.7. Eta Carinae is taken _.8. Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about _.A. its detecting powerB. millions of light years away in spaceC. the loca
9、tion of VLTD. as an exampleE. the birth of the earthF. the rotation of the earth答案与解析:第一步: 分析文章标题 A Star Is Born标题中的星星到底是什么？结合文章开头的句子：1 The VLT(Very Large Telescope)is the worlds largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking astronomers(天文学家)further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possibleLocated
10、2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mirrors，each about the size of a London busThe VLT is so powerful it Can spot a burning match 10000 kilometers away文章第一段中没有出现 Star 这个词， 但是根据文章中出现的中文注释：望远镜，天文学家，星系，宇宙（第二段）等词， 可以知道文章标题中的 Star 应该是指宇宙中的某颗星星。从标题内容来看，这篇文章应该是说明文， 可能将具体讲述某颗星星的诞生过程。解题第 2
11、步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。A. Events that took place before the earth existedB. Power of the telescopeC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Invention of a time machineE. Biggest telescopeF Birth of the new worlds被选项中 B 和 E 都涉及到“telescope（望远镜）”， 因此推测这两个选项中应该至少有一个是答案（提示： 相关选项中通常出答案）； F 与文章主题（一颗星星的诞生）呼应，
12、所以成为答案的可能性较大， C 中出现了特征词 Eta Carinae， 所以 C 在解题中容易被判断。第 3 步： 直接解题， 在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。A. Events that took place before the earth existedB. Power of the telescopeC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Invention of a time machineE. Biggest telescopeF Birth of the new worlds 1 Paragraph 1 _.1 The VLT(Very Large Tele
13、scope)is the worlds largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking astronomers(天文学家)further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possibleLocated 2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mirrors，each about the size of a London busThe VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10000 kilom
14、eters away1. E. 分析: 段落中 VLT(大望远镜)中反复出现(第 2 句中的代词 it 也是指 VLT), 因此判断 VLT 是该段核心词, 比较被选项 B 和 E, 判断 E 是答案(VLT 是大望远镜, 段落中也是在强调望远镜的“大”（段落中出现了 Large， largest， huge）)， 因此判断 E 是答案。解题线索： 利用段落中的核心词直接判断段落主题。A. Events that took place before the earth existedB. Power of the telescopeC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Inv
15、ention of a time machineF Birth of the new worlds2. Paragraph 2 _.2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision(碰撞)of galaxies(星系)on the edge of the cosmos(宇宙)The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmosThe power o
16、f the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed2 B。 分析：段落中 VLT（大望远镜） 和 power（能量）反复出现，因此这两个词是该段主题词， 因此判断 B 是答案。解题线索： 利用段落中的核心词直接判断段落主题。A. Events that took place before the earth existedC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Invention of a time machineF Birth of the new
17、worlds1 Paragraph 3 _.3 Take the case of Eta Carinae，one of the most explosive stars in the universeThis star produces ultraviolet laser rays(紫外线)and it will destroy itself in a few million yearstimeIt is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting f
18、or!3 C。 分析：整个段落围绕 Eta Carinae 进行介绍： 段落中的 This star 和代词 it 都是指 Eta Carinae， 因此 Eta Carinae 是段落的主题词， 因此判断 C 是答案。解题线索： 利用段落中的核心词直接判断段落主题。A. Events that took place before the earth existedD. Invention of a time machineF Birth of the new worlds2 Paragraph 4 _. 4 But it（ it 指代前段中的 Eta Carinae） is at dista
19、nces of millions，even billions，of light years that the VLT really shows its powerThe VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existedThis gives astronomers their firstever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos4A 分析： 比较被选项： D 说“时光机器”
20、， 可是该段落提到的仪器是 VLT（大望远镜），不是“时光机器”， 因此 D 不是答案； A 中的状语结构“before the earth existed”在该段第 2 句中出现了， 该句中没有提到 A 中的核心词 Events（事件/事情），但是在该段落的最后一句中出现了 Events（事件）， 该句说“这就使天文学家有史以来第一次观察到了宇宙早期发生的事情”，结合这个句意来看 A 是答案。解题线索： 被选项中的核心词应该在段落中有呼应的词语或结构。A。 its detecting powerB millions of light years away in spaceC the loca
21、tion of VLTD as an exampleE the birth of the earthF the rotation of the earth6 The VLT will allow scientists to see events _.6B 分析： 解题思路 1： 借助句子句意判断答案： 空格前面内容说“VLT 允许科学家观察事件”, 判断 B 最合适:B 作定语修饰前面的 events, 整个句子大意是“VLT 允许科学家观察发生在距离是数百万光年以外的事件”。解题思路 2：借助句子中的特征词scientists 和 VLT 作为答案线索， 这样找到答案相关句：1 The VL
22、T(Very Large Telescope)is the worlds largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking astronomers(天文学家)（与 scientists 是近义词）further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible带领天文学家回到远古的大爆炸时代， 这是他们从没想象到的.这句话没有直接揭示答案, 接续看后面的句子,2 This astonishing power (指代 VLT 的惊人能力)will allow astronomers （与scientists 是近义词）
23、to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision of galaxies(星系)on the edge of the cosmos该句也没有直接揭示答案, 接续看后面的句子: The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmosThe power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes itsdesigners amazed该句说“VLT 能使
24、天文学家看见宇宙中最远地方发生的最小的事情， 这使它的设计者很吃惊。” 该句间接的揭示了答案。考点：考察考生对文章中重要细节内容的归纳总结。VLT 是文章中涉及到的重要细节。A。 its detecting powerC the location of VLTD as an exampleE the birth of the earthF the rotation of the earth6 The designers of the VLT are surprised at _.6 A。分析：借助搭配结构特点： 空格处需要名词性的结构或代词作介词 at 的宾语， 所以 D 肯定不是答案； 利用
25、句子中的核心词 designers of the VLT 和修饰词 surprised作为答案线索， 这样找到答案相关句：The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed（surprised 的近义词）， 判断 A 是答案。 考点： 考察近义词的替换。C the location of VLTD as an example E the birth of the earthF the rotation of the earth7 Eta Cari
26、nae is taken _.7 D。分析： 可以直接借助常见的搭配结构： takeas(把看成是)判断 D 是答案. 也可以利用句子中的核心词(也是特征词)作为答案线索, 这样找到答案相关内容: Take the case of Eta Carinae，one of the most explosive 最容易爆炸的 stars in the universe “Take the case of ”是“以为例”, 判断 D 是答案.C the location of VLTE the birth of the earthF the rotation of the earth8. Scient
27、ists believe the VLT will tell us more about _.8. E。分析: 有两个选项（E 和 F）提到了“地球”， 因此判断它们中出答案的可能性较大， 利用“the earth”作为答案线索， 同时注意句子中出现的比较结构，查找答案相关句：6 The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed 该句中没有比较结构出现， 所以不看，继续看后面的句子：（文章最后一句） One day, we might be able to say we have
28、 traveled back to the beginning of time，and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet （指地球）was born该句中出现了“地球”， 而且也出现了比较级结构，该句说“有一天， 我们可以说我们已经返回到时间开始的时候， 而且我们将对我们所在的星球是如何诞生的有 更加清楚的理解。”，借助该句判断 E 是答案。提示：相关的选项中往往出答案。文章中的难句和长句：1 Located 2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mi
29、rrors，each about the size of a London bus2 The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10000 kilometers awayspot see -watch3 It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for! 4 The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scien
30、tists，and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in 职称英语考试学习理工类 AB 级 概括大意完成句子（2）2006-11-16 13:11来源：职称英语考试直通车 Passage 2： 2005 年理工 A/B 概括大意完成句子考题Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish
31、 scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning huma
32、ns really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negativeIn Europe nineteen nations have already signed an ag
33、reement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anticloning laws by the end of the year”3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human c
34、loning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop
35、the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoonsSuch information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doi
36、ng next5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humansIt could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our childto look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anticloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro
37、-cloners(赞成克隆的人)1. Paragraph 1 _.2. Paragraph 2 _.3. Paragraph 3 _.4. Paragraph 4 _.A. strong reactionsB. anxiety about the future of cloningC. the right to chooseD. what is cloning?E. Arguments in favor of cloningF. a common sight5. Richard seed claimed to be able to clone _.6. Richard seeds announ
38、cement received _.7. The United States will introduce _.8. Within ten years scientists will probably have _.A. the nucleus of a cellB. cloned human beingsC. a human being in two yearsD. a law to ban human cloningE. a report on human cloningF. heavy media coverage答案与解析:1. 第一步: 分析文章标题 Cloning(克隆): Fut
39、ure perfect? 会带来完美的未来吗？文章标题的核心词是 Cloning(克隆), 而且标题是一个问句的形式, 因此判断文章是对克隆问题进行的讨论。 Cloning 是这篇文章中的主题词。解题第 2 步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。A. strong reactionsB. anxiety about the future of cloning C. the right to chooseD. what is cloning?E. Arguments in favor of cloningF. a common sight 选项 B， D 和 E
40、都涉及到了文章的主题词“Cloning”， 因此它们中间出答案的可能性较大。 既然是关于 cloning 的讨论， 文章中可能首先会解释什么是 cloning，从这个写作逻辑上看，D 成为答案的可能性较大， 而且文章中很可能会谈到一些人或者大部分人对cloning 的反应或态度， 从这个角度上来看 A， B，和 E 中出答案的可能性较大。第 3 步： 直接解题， 在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。A. strong reactionsB. anxiety about the future of cloningC. the right to chooseD. what is cloning?E
41、. Arguments in favor of cloningF. a common sight1. Paragraph 1 _.1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists in
42、Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the ne
43、xt two years，”he told the world1 D. 分析： 段落的第一句说“克隆是利用任何一个细胞产生的一株植物或一个动物的的精确复制品”。（exact - precise 精确的）这是一个定义性的句子， 根据这个句子推测这段文字可能将对克隆进行解释， 定义。 再参考段落中出现的细节句（提示：段落中的细节句往往直接涉及到这个段落的主题）：In May “1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology”。该句说“在 1998
44、年的 5 月， 麻省的科学家设法利用克隆技术创造了两只一模一样的牛犊”， 对比该段第一句中的定义句， 不难发现这个例子该定义句内容呼应：该举例句是在对定义进行具体的举例说明， 因此可以肯定的判断该段是在对克隆进行解释/定义， 因此判断 D 是答案。解题思路： 利用段首句（提示：段首句常常就是段落的主题句）， 结合段落中典型细节句的内容判断段落主题。A. strong reactionsB. anxiety about the future of cloningC. the right to chooseE. Arguments in favor of cloningF. a common si
45、ght2. Paragraph 2 _.2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negativeIn Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will h
46、ave passed anticloning laws by the end of the year”2 A。分析：刚才我们在解题的过程中借助了段首句的句意， 现在我们还是继续看段首句的内容， 段首句说“Seed 的宣布引起了媒体大量的关注， 而其中大部分的（反应）是负面的”。（provoke cause arouse 引起）该句在内容上涉及到了“反应情况”。紧接着，我们在第 2 句中看到了 signed an agreement banning human cloning（签署禁止克隆人类的协议）和 introducing a law to ban all human cloning（引入法
47、令来禁止所有对人类的克隆）这样的短语结构， 这些结构在内容上揭示了对克隆技术所作出的反应， 因此判断 A 是答案。解题思路特点（避重就轻）：利用段首句， 参考段落中局部结构的内容判断段落主题。B. anxiety about the future of cloningC. the right to chooseE. Arguments in favor of cloning F. a common sight3. Paragraph 3 _.3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that la
48、ws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 3 E。分析： 首先参看段首句的内容：段首句说“许多研究者对克隆并不是如此的反对”，紧接着说“他们（这些研究者）担心”, 然后我们在段落的最后一句中看到“许多研究者也相信”, 很显然“许多研究者”这个词或与这个词相关的内容是这段文字的主题内容，但是被选项中没有出现“研究者”， 因为涉及到段落主题词“研究者”的句子中有两个句子（第 1 句和第 3 句）都是在述说这些研究者对“克隆技术”的态度 不是那么消极，因此判断 E（支持克隆技术的观点）。解题思路：利用段落中的
