1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of “sense“, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begandman
12、ipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old
13、-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reformin
14、g the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advan
15、tages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred
16、to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer.
17、The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual m
18、odel, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of di
19、stributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main
20、 use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelec
21、tronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is1999 年招生专业：社会学、人类学考试科目：社会学概论和社会学史一、解释下列概念（每题 5 分，共 40 分）bda73b774e1、地位一致 2、主文化与亚文化 3、内群体 4、社会设置 5、 “天职观”6、 “感召权威”（韦伯） 7、 “反功能 ”（默顿）8、 “报酬类型”（布劳）二、简述题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）1、简述社会转型期社会化问题的特征。2、简述齐美尔关于“社会交往形式”的思想。三、论述题（
22、每题 20 分，共 40 分） 1、 结合实际论述我国社会转型期“公平与效率”这一矛盾的表现，成因及解决对策。2、 试论韦伯关于东西方文化宏观比较研究的基本思路及其对当代社会学的影响。2000 年 招生专业：社会学、人类学考试科目：社会学概论和社会学史一、解释下列概念（每题 5 分，共 40 分）1、地位相悖 2、代沟 3、正式组织 4、相对剥夺 5、目标合理性（韦伯）6、精英（帕雷托）7、多元分层空间（布劳）8、标签理论二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）1、简述权利与权威的联系与区别。2、简述马克思与达伦多夫在分析社会冲突上观点的异同。三、论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分）1、试
23、用社会学有关理论分析我国社会转型时期人际关系变化的特点及趋势。2、结合杜尔克姆对自杀的研究，概括出实证社会学的研究方法及理论形式的基本特征。2001 年招生专业：社会学、人类学考试科目：社会学概论和社会学史一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分）1、象征符号 2、文化资本 3、去个性化 4、合作 5、 “法理权威” （韦波）6、 “行动系统” （帕森斯）7、 “印象管理” （戈夫曼）8、 “主我”与“客我” （米德）二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）1、简述“社会网”的独特研究视角。2、简述社会交换论对群体结构及权力的生成所作的解释。三、论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分）1、世论
24、社会分层研究中的不同范式。Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manip
25、ulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely be
26、cause of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special c
27、onditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory auto
28、mation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the c
29、ontext of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high l
30、evel of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usua
31、lly didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mec
32、hanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origin
33、al robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully comp
34、lete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of “sense“, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the ro
35、bot begandmanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can
36、 meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3)
37、 not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his tw
38、o great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controll
39、er (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented t
40、he computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on
41、the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and tra
42、nsition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was b
43、orn, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people s
44、oon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is2、评述“社会唯名论”与“社会唯实论”的差异以及由此产生的研究取向的分歧。2002 年一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分）1、贫困文化论 2、文化丛 3、社会资本 4、参照群体 5、 “维模” （帕森斯）6、 “潜功能” （默顿）7、 “前台与后台” （戈夫曼）8、 “利己型自杀” （杜尔克姆）：二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）1、简述正式组织中产生非正式结构的主要原因。2、
45、简述韦伯“理想类型”的含义及其认识功能。三、论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分）1、试论当代中国社会分层结构演变的趋势。2、简述社会学方法论“整体主义”与“个体主义”之间的对立（列举出各自的代表人物及其具体论点） ，并谈谈你的看法。2003 年一、解释下列概念（每题 5 分，共 50 分）1、紧急规范 2、舆论群体 3、集体无意识 4、文化中心主义 5、刻板印象 6、顺从 7、价值相关性（韦伯） 8、非现实冲突（科塞）9、普遍主义（帕森斯）10、差序格局二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 40 分）1、简述“传统”在现代化过程中的意义2、简述社会地位获得中政治资本、人力资本和社会资本的不同性质3
46、、简述实证主义的科学观4、简述杜尔克姆关于“因果分析法”的观点三、论述题（每题 20 分，共 60 分）1、试述适度社会控制的内涵及其意义。2、试述新教伦理与资本主义精神的研究思路及其现实意义3、试结合实际阐述“社会失范论”的观点及其借鉴意义。2004 年一、解释下列概念（每题 4 分，共 40 分）1、文化物质 2、群体内聚力 3、角色冲突 4、人格 5、性存在 6、有机团结 7镜中我8、情境定义（托马斯）9、扩散性专一性（帕森斯）10、权威结构（达伦多夫）二、简答题（第题 15 分。共 60 分）1简述我国改革以来社会分层结构变化的特点2简述集合行为的一般特征及其形式的基本条件3简析马克思
47、“阶级论” 与帕雷托 “精英论”之间的关系4简述布劳“社会交换”概念的基本特征及其同“经济交换”的差异三、论述题（每题 25 分。共 50 分）Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid develo
48、pment in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great u
49、se also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation
