1、Unit13 GrammarLearning aims:1 学习并掌握过去分词的用法2 理解过去分词和现在分词的区别Learning important point: 过去分词的用法及意义Learning difficult point: 过去分词和现在分词的区别Learning processes:Step1 过去分词（一）作定语作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰的词的后面，相当于一个定语从句boiled water 开水 spoken English 英语口语 oppressed people 被压迫的人民 There are many
2、 fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有很多落叶。This is a book written by a peasant. 这是一本农民写的书。表示被动和完成意义 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动， 表完成（二）作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news. 听了这消息我很高兴。The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。He looked very excited. 他显得很激动。过去分词作表语用，相当于形容词，最常见的有 disappointed, discouraged , astonished,
3、 interested, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, puzzled 等。（三）作宾语补足语过去分词可以在 see, hear, notice, find, feel, watch, make, have, get, keep leave 等动词后与名词（代词）构成复合结构。结构：动词+宾语（名词或代词）+宾补（过去分词）I often hear the song sung in English.She found the door closed.I must get my bike repaired. Can you ma
4、ke yourself understood?宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在被动关系（四）作状语过去分词短语常用作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。前提条件：过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。Inspired by him, we worked even harder.The professor came in, followed by a group of young men.Mr. Green, deeply moved, thanked us again and again.过去分词也可以单独作状语。Heated, water changes into s
5、team.She turned away, disappointed. 过去分词短语作状语可以表示：1、相当于一个原因状语从句Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.=_The children soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. =_2、相当于一个时间状语从句Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.=_Once published, this dictionary will be very pop
6、ular!=_3、假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句United, we stand; divided, we fall.=_Given more time, we could do it much better.=_4、相当于一个让步状语从句Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.=_5、伴随情况（这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替）He came back, completely tired.The woman scientist entered th
7、e lab, followed by her assistants.注意：正如前所述：过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。Step2 现在分词与过去分词的区别（一）现在分词与过去分词在语态和时间关系上的区别1、语态上的不同现在分词表示_的意思，而过去分词表示_的意思。例 1：I heard someone opening the door.I heard the door opened.观察：the fallen leaves, the risen sun, the exploded bomb , retired workers 这些过去分词用法和例 1 中的例子表示的
8、意义一样吗？注意观察过去分词动词的词性！那么它们表示：_2、时间关系上的不同观察下列四组：boiling water developing countries the rising sunboiled water developed countries the risen sun总结：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往_，而过去分词所表示的动作往往_。（二）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别例子：I found them painting the windows.I found the windows painted. 结论：现在分词与句子中的宾语是_关系，它表示的动作往往_。过去分词与宾语
9、是_关系，它所表示的动作往往_。（三）作定语的区别一般说来，现在分词修饰事物，常与非人称主语连用；而过去分词修饰人，常与人称主语连用。常见的分词 amazed/amazing; excited/exciting; bored/boring; annoyed/annoying; interested/interesting; pleased/pleasing; surprised/surprising; satisfied/satisfyingStep3 练习1 Most of the artists_to the party were from south Africa。A.invited B
10、.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 2 The bridge _now over the Changjiang River wil be complete at the end of this year。A.built B.is being built C.being built D.to be built3.John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to be washing B.washing C.wash D.to wash4.Something is wrong
11、with my watch.I must have it _.A.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired5.Whatever she said ,she couldnt make herself _.A.understand B.to understand C.understanding D.understood6 _with paper books,e-books would have more advantages.A.Compared B.ComparingC.To compared D.If comparing 7 The teacher e
12、ntered the classroom,_by two students.A.to be followed B.followed C.following D.to follow8.The students entered the classroom，_ their teacher.A.following B.followed C.follow D.by following9._from his looks,he is a kind man.AJudging B.Being judging C.To judge D.Judge10_the windows and the door,the students left the room.A.Being closed B.Closed C.Having closed D.To close11._a deep breath,they dived into water.A.taken B.Taking C.To take D.Took12. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiringStep 4:当堂小结_Step5:自我反思：_
