1、Unit 12 China 一. 本周教学内容： Unit 12 China Part 1 二. 重点、难点： 1. 学习若干表示方向、方位及国家、人口、国旗等的词汇 2. 一般现在时和一般过去时的综合运用 三. 具体内容 1. 方位的表达方式 （一） in the east 与 on the east 的区别 in the east 表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。 The Great Wall begins in the east from the Sha
2、nhaiguan Pas s and ends at the Jiayuguan Pass in th e west. 长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关。 on the east 表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向 。这里的方向是相对而言的。如： China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。 The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west. 美国东临大西 洋，西濒太平洋。 （二）in (to，on，at) the east of 要表示 A 在 B 的
3、东部，即：A 在 B 的范围之内时就用“A is in the east of B”，如： Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部。 Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。 如果 A 在 B 的东方，即：A 在 B 的范围之外，且相隔有一定的距离，就用“A lies to the east of B”。口语中有时可将 to the 省去。如： Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中国东方。 France lies (to the) east of England.法国位于英国东
4、方。 如果 A 在 B 的东边(侧)，即：A 与 B 相邻接。就用“A is on the east of B”. 如： Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。 Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。 如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就 “A is at the east of B” 如： There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula. 在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。 如果要表示“A 位于 B 东面 100 公里
5、处”时我们既可以说“A lies l00km to the east of B”，也可以说“A lies 100km east of B”. 后者在美国口语中更为常见。如： The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飞机在离城南 30 英里处坠毁。 Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面 50 英里处。 （三）汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了 north，south，east，west 并由此 有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。 东南方：southeast 西南方：sou
6、thwest 西北方：northwest 东北方：northeast 如：十三陵位于北京西北 50 公里处 The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing. 天津位于北京东南 120 公里处。 Tianjin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing. （四）要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用 by 正东偏北： east by north 正南偏西： south by we st 正北偏东： north by east 正南偏东： south by east 如：We are
7、sailing in the direction of east by north.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。 The island lies south by east from here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。 2. 一般现在时和一般过去时的应用 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表 达的。 （1）一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at
8、7 oclock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. （2）一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对 现在的影响， 只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; la st week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago
9、; when, I met him yesterday. The train arrived ten minutes ago. What time did you get up yesterday morning? Yesterday, I was an hour late and I didnt get to work until 9 oclock. They were in Beijing in 1960. They never smoked. 四. 语言知识 1. population n. 人们 Ten per cent of the population lived in pover
10、ty. 百分之十的人口生活在贫困之中。 In 1992 the population of Cairo was approximately 6 500 000. 在 1992 年开罗的人口几近 6 500 000。 a growing/shrinking population 人口增长/减少 The UN is investigating new methods of population control. 联合国正在研究人口控制的新方法。 2. land n. 陆地；土地 It is cheaper to drill for oil on land than at sea. 在陆地上开采石油
11、比在海上要便宜。 This sort of land is no good for growing potatoes. 这样的土地不适合种马铃薯。 We want to buy a plot of land to build a house. 我们想买块地来盖房子。 fatherland; motherland; homeland 3. background n. 背景 If you listen carefully to this piece of music, you can hear a flute in the background. 如果你认真的听这段音乐，你可以听到背景音上有长笛的
12、演奏。 The artist himself did not paint the backgrounds to his picturesthey were done by his pupils. 这位艺术家并不是亲自完成他的作品的背景创作的它们都是由他的学生完成的。 Can you give me some background on the situation? 可以给我一些这个情况的背景资料么？ The book provides background information on the history of the region. 这本书提供了关于这本书的背景信息。 The schoo
13、l has pupils from many different ethnic/cultural/religious backgrounds. 这个学校的学生有着不同的民族/文化/ 宗教背景 4. palace n. 宫，宫殿 The Queen has agreed to open Buckingham Palace to the public. 皇后同意了向公众开放白金汉宫。 5. modern a. 现代的 My grandpas attitudes are very modern, considering his age. 相对于他的年龄来说，我祖父的态度是非常现代的。 6. part
14、 n. 部分 in part 某种程度上 The deadline for applications is being extended, in part because of the postal strike. 申请的截至日期已经过了，部分是因为邮局的罢工。 He works for a company that makes aircraft parts. 他在一家生产飞机零件的公司工作。 7. century n. 一百年，一世纪 The city centre has scarcely changed in over a century. 经过一百多年，市中心几乎没有发生改变。 Hes
15、 an expert on fifteenth century Italian art. 他是十五世纪意大利艺术方面的专家。 the turn of the century 世纪之交 Queen Victoria died at the turn of the century. 维多利亚女皇在世纪之交去世了。 8. clothes n. 衣服 She usually wears smart/casual clothes. 她经常穿着漂亮/随意的衣服。 Im just putting my clothes on. 我刚刚穿上我的衣服。 Take your clothes off and get
16、in the bath. 脱了衣服然后去洗澡。 9. difference n. 不同，差别 Is there any significant difference in quality between these two items? 这两者在质量上有明显的区别么？ They had an awful row several years ago, but now theyve settled/resolved their differences. 多年前他们之间有了次非常大的争执，但是现在他们已经解决了他们的分歧。 1 0. sell vt. 卖 (sell sold sold) I sol
17、d him my car/I sold my ca r to him for 600. 我把我的汽车卖给他 600 英镑 Well be selling the tickets at/for 50 each. 我们会一张票卖 50 英镑。 These baskets sell well. 这些篮子卖的很好。 11. set vt. 设置，摆放 (set, set ,set) He set a vase of flowers on the table. 他在桌 上放了一花瓶的花。 The campsite is set in the middle of a pine forest. 露营地建在了
18、松树林的中间。 12. excellent a. 优越的，杰出的 Her car is in excellent condition. 她车子的状况非常好。 The fall in interest rates is excellent news for borrowers. 利率的下降对于借款者来说是一个非常好的消息。 【典型例题】 用括号内动词的适当时态形式填空。 Usually, I _（get）up early, _（have ）breakfast, and _（go） to work at eight oclock. I _（work ）hard all day, _（finish
19、）working at about 5：30 p.m. and _（go）home right away. I _（have） dinner at 7 o clock and usually _（go）to bed around 11 p.m. Yesterday, I _（not wake ）up until 8：00 a.m. I _（get ） up immediately and _（get ）dressed. I _（have）breakfast and _（leave）my house at 8：45. I _（ be）an hour late and _（not get）to w
20、ork until 9 o clock. I _（work）all day and _（not have）lunch. I _（finish ） working at 7：30 p.m. and _（g o）home at 8 p.m. I _（be ）two hours late and _（not have） dinner until 9 oclock. After dinner I _（read ）the newspaper for a while and _（make）some telephone calls. I _（listen ）to the radio for two hour
21、s and _ （go）to bed at midnight I _（not go）to sleep immediately. I _（sleep）just six hours last night. I _（not sleep）very well. 答案： get, have, go, work, finish, go ,have , go, didnt wake, got, got, had, left, was, didnt get, worked, didnt have, finished, went, was, didnt have, read, made, listened, went, didnt go, slept, didnt sleep
