1、英语 19 种修辞手法的全部解释和例句 修辞是能够让语言变得更加富有表达性的工具，同时也是让语言变得更加复杂 的一种语言现象，了解修辞手法，能够让我们更加容易了解作者或者说话者想 要来表达的情感和想法。英语和汉语一样，也有着丰富的修辞手法。今天我们 来了解一下英语中的修辞手法，帮助我们更好的学习英语。英语中有 19 种修辞 手法,它们分别是：Simile 明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、 Synecdoche 提喻、 Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、
2、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、 Allegory 讽喻,比方、 Irony 反语、 Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆 喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。 下面和大家一一介绍一下这 19 种修辞手法，同时也给出全部解释和例句： 1、Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心 里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to
3、,such as 等. 例如: 1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2.I wander ed lonely as a cloud. 3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out o f a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻 ,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物 , 通过比较形成. 例如: 1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad
4、 supper. 2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的 事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete
5、Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例 如: 1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约 有 100 名工人. 2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛 顿. 3.The fox goes ver
6、y well with your cap.( 整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子 很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事 物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感 觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到 增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重 复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体 ;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想 到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清荷塘月色 里的“微风过处送来缕缕清 香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1.
7、The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉， 鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花) 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的 声音. 2.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉) 品尝 Mozart 的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2.I was very happy and could
8、 hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增 加表达效果. 例如: 1.I beg a thousand pardons. 2.Love you. You are the whole world to me,and the moon and the stars. 3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.P arallelism 排比 , 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体
9、相同或相似, 意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad rac
10、e, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法 婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例 如: 1.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下. 2.His relation with his wife has not been fo
11、rtunate.他与妻子关系不融洽. 3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世) 10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意 “寓言”) 建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上， 传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。 英文解释： an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended 11.metaphor 摘自英语专业 大学英语教程一书 这是一种源于希腊文
12、的修辞 法,意为“换个方式的说法 “.它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性 ,表层含义与真正意 味的是两回事. 例如: 1.Make the hay while the sun shines. 表层含义：趁着出太 阳的时候晒草 真正意味：趁热打铁 2.Its time to turn plough into sword. 表层 含义：是时候把犁变成剑 11.Irony 反语 反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的 作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说 法. 例如: 1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what
13、time it was in the morning. 早 上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念) 2“Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. “the waiter said t o the beggar. 12.Pun 双关 双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁 敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的 方式出现. 例如: 1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown fo
14、r a fair praise and too little for a gre at praise. 2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his co untry. 3.If we dont hang together, we shall hang separately. 13.Parody 仿拟 这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生 新意的修辞. 例如: 1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 2.A friend in
15、need is a friend to be a voided. 3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it. 14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问) 它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答 复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否 定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的. 例如: 1.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing wor
16、t h of note? 2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶 这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比 的一种修辞方法. 例如: 1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore. 2.You are staying; I am going. 3.Give me liberty, or give me death. 18.Climax 渐进法,层进法 这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅. 高低等逐层渐进,最
17、后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象. 例如: 1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry. 2.Eye had not seen nor ear h eard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 19.Anticlimax 渐降法 与 climax 相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列. 例如: 1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of b oots. 2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
