1、本文来自深圳华章MBA（）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）真题试卷Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1 In an essay entitled “Making It in America” the auth
2、or Adam Davison relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines. Davidsons article is one of
3、 a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalizatio
4、n and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machine or foreign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average is just wont earn you
5、what it used to. It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genins. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra their unique value contribution that makes them stand out i
6、n whatever is their field of employment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one
7、 out of every three manufacturing jobs about 6 millions in total disappeared.” There will always be change new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution , the beat jobs will require workers to have more and
8、 better education to make themselves above average. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to pos
9、t-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . A. the impact of technological advances B. the alleviation of jobs pressure C. the shrinkages of textile mills D. the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a success employer, one has to . A. ado
10、pt an average lifestyle B. work on cheap software C. contribute something unique D. ask for a moderate salary23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that . A. gains of technology have been erased B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C. factories are making much less money than bef
11、ore D. new jobs and services have been offered.24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is . A. to accelerate the I.T. revolution B. to ensure more education for people C. to advance economic globalization D. to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the follo
12、wing would be the most appropriate title for the text? A. Technology Goes Cheap BNew Law Takes Effect C. Recession Is Bad D. Average Is Over参考答案：ACBBDText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent h
13、ome in the United States came, those who had no intengtion to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. The
14、y even had an affectionate nickname,” uccelli dipassaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation. That framework ha
15、s contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a
16、 global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the Un
17、ited States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on
18、 both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple ou
19、tcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.”Birds of passage”refers to those who_.Afind permanent jobs overseasBleave their home countries for foodCimmigrate across the AtlanticDstay in a foreign country temporarily27.It is implied in paragraph 2 that th
20、e current immigration system in the US_.Aneeds new immigrant categoriesBhas loosened control over immigrantsCshould be adapted to meet challengesDhas been fixed via political means28.According to the author, todays birds of passage want_.Afinancial incentivesBa global recognitionCopportunities to ge
21、t regular jobsDthe freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated_.Aas faithful partnersBwith legal toleranceCwith economic favorsDas mighty rivals30.The most appropriate title for this text would be_.ACome and Go:Big MistakeBLiving and Thriving:Gre
22、at RiskCLegal or Illegal: Big MistakeDWith or Without:Great Risk参考答案：DCDBCText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses
23、. Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to access other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is social, studies show, we need at
24、 least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent excusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo f
25、or just a milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piec
26、e lasts too long. Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to customer products or housing options when we see a happy face ( one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners
27、are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. W
28、hen Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by passing is what differentiates us from animals: the dogs can thinks about future
29、only intermittently or for a few minutes . but historically we have spent about 12 percent our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we changed our nature. We will have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The t
30、ime needed in making decisions may . A. vary according to the urgency of the situation B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction C. depend on the importance of assessment D. predetermine the accuracy of out judgment 32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions . A. can be assoc
31、iative B. are not unconscious C. can be dangerous D. are not impulse33. To reverse the negative effects of snap decisions, we should . A. trust our first impression B. do as people usually do C. think before we act D. ask for expert advices34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based
32、 on . A. critical assessment B. “thin sliced” study C. sensible explanation D. adequate information35. The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is . A. tolerant B. uncertain C. optimistic D. doubtful 参考答案：DACDCText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corpora
33、te workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europes top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards. The European Union is now considering le
34、gislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60%. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of
35、40% female board membership. The Forte foundation in America has now flowed suit with its own list of “board-ready women.” But Redings appeal in Europe was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as
36、they balance work and family?“Personally, I dont like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding pro
37、visions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Redings reticence - and her frustration. I dont like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a
38、 fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions - no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to
39、 the summit of corporate power - as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook - they garner massiver attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.Of appropriate public policies were in place to help all women - whether CEOs or their childrens caregivers - and all fa
40、milies, Sandberg would e no more newswarthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society. 36. In the European corporate workplace, generally _. A women take the lead B men have the final say C corporate governance is overwhelmed D senor management is family-friendly37. The Euro
41、pean Unions intended legislation is _. A a reflection of gender balance B a reluctant choice C a response to Redings call D a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women _. A get top business positions B see through the glass ceiling C balance work and family D anticipate legal re
42、sults39. The authors attitude toward REdings appeal is one of _. A skepticism B objectiveness C indifference D approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of _. A more social justice B massive media attention C suitable public policies D greater “soft pressure ”36. 细节题
43、： 选B，要含有男性的这个对象，男性主导37. 细节题：选B，选择有陷阱的，干扰项C。问的事为什么会有这个法律。因为开始voluntary action 失败了，没有人理会，才有了这个强制的法律出台，所以是不得已的，C事错在不是对于voluntary action的反应，而不是对于voluntary action 反应的无奈对策。38. 细节题：选A，干扰项B，不是看穿而是break through39. 细节题：选D，文章倒数第二段最后一句But后面it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered40. 细节题：选C，
44、答案最后一段对象是public policy 参考答案：DCEABSection Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. Ive b
45、een able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I dont think its harder for me
46、just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesnt make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both jus
47、t pop into my mind in the same way. 参考译文：我可以从过去的53年中任意挑一日，并即刻知道我那时身处何处，发生什么新闻，甚至是那个星期的那天发生了什么事。自从我四岁开始，我便有这样的能力。 我从未因为我大脑吸收大量的信息而承受不住。我的大脑似乎可以处理好这些信息，并整齐地把它们储存起来。当我想起悲伤的回忆，我与每个人所做的一样尝试着把它们一一搁置一边。我认为这并不难，不只是因为我的大脑是更加清晰的。强大的记忆力使得我们的情感不再沉重或鲜活。我可以回忆起我祖父去世的那天，还有在那前一天我们去医院时的哀伤。我也记得那出音乐剧毛发同一天在百老汇上演他们刚好都以同样的方式跳进我的大脑中。Section WritingPart A 47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a ch
