1、时态1. 一般现在时 形式：do does（单数第三人称） 意义：一般现在时表示客观的、普遍性的真理以及经常性的事件。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 经常性、习惯性动作。e.g.：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。 ）He often goes to the gym.C) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。e.g.: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Knowledge is power. 这一用法场合一些表动作频率的时间
2、副词连用：1). 表示肯定的频率副词： always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally, often etc.2). 表示否定的频率副词：never, seldom, rarely etc. 这些副词的位置：在 Be 动词后，实义动词前。e.g. He is always late.2. 一般过去时 形式：did 意义：一般过去时表示在过去的某一特定时间发生和结束的活动或情况。 用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。e.g.: I saw him in the library yesterday morni
3、ng. （有特定的时间状语） yesterday, yesterday evening, last night/month/spring/year, the night before last（前天晚上） ，three days/months/years ago, in 1999 etc.。 这些时间状语之前不用加介词。B) 表示过去习惯性动作，一直持续或反复发生的动作，此时可与表示拼读的时间副词连用。e.g.: I slept for eight hours last night. （表示在过去某一段时间内持续的动作，但这动作现在已经结束了）3. 一般将来时 形式：will/shall do
4、 或 be going to do 意义：一般将来时表示在未来的某个时间将要发生的某个动作或状态。 学明白一般将来时要理解的一下三个至关重要的概念：1) 预测，表示说话人认为将来会发生某件事。2) 事先计划：说话人在头脑里已经做出决定将来要做某件事。3) 意愿：说话人既不是预计某事会发生，也不是预先经过考虑决定将做某事，而是在说话的时刻立即做出决断表明他将做某事。 用法：A) 用来预测，表示预测，或说估计将来要发生某事，可用 will 或 be going to。e.g.: According to the weather report, it will be windy tomorrow.B
5、) 表示“打算去.，要.”时，可用 be going to do。e.g.: This is just what I am going to say.C) 表示“将要、正要”时，可用 be about to do。 强调近期内或马上要做的事。e.g. Do not worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）D) “be to do“的 5 种用法：a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事” 。例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期
6、一你准会在实验室见到她。 ）b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to） ，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。e.g.：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人 5 分钟之内就要到了。 ）c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近 can, may）例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）d) 不可避免将要发生
7、的事情，后来将要发生的事情。e.g.：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.A. will be attended B. will be attended toC. is attended D. is attended towill be attended to 关键的一点是：attend 表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与 to 连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是 B。e) 用于条件从句“如果想，设想” （接近 if want
8、to,或if should）e.g.：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.A is to be B can be C will be D has been答案是 A. is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。 ” 表预测时，我们可以用 will 或 be going to。但两者还存在以下两点区别：1) 用 be going to 特别是意指根据目前的明显迹象来推断某件事将要发生。 will 则只是表
9、明说话人认为或相信某件事将要发生。2) be going to 通常用来表示说话人与其所说的时间马上或在相当近的将来就要发生。而 will 所表示的动作发生的时间可近可远。a. Look at those black clouds! Its going to rain.b. I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick.c. John is going to fall into that hole!d. Oh, my dear! Theyre going to bump against that tree!e. You look very pale.
10、 I am sure you are going to get sick. 一般时态练习一、用动词的适当形式填空1.Vegetarians(素食者) (not, eat)meat.2.An atheist(无神论者) (not, believe)in God.3.Constant dripping(滴水) (wear)away a stone.4.John (always, not, go)to school late. That is to say, he (sometimes, attend)school late. He (be, generally)a good student. He
11、 (be, always)ready to help others.5.If it (rain)tomorrow, well have to put off our sports meet.6.Look!Here (come)your boyfriend!7.Mozart (write)more than 600 pieces of music.8.I (be)very tired last night, so I (go)to bed early.9. you (go)anywhere on Labor Day?10.When I was young, I (want)to be a bus
12、 driver.答案：1.dont eat2.doesnt believe3.wears4.doesnt always go, sometimes attends, is generally, is es7.wrote8.was,went9.Did,go10.wanted4. 现在进行时 形式：be doing: am/is/are +doing.(是助动词，没有“是”的意思). 意义：强调在现在这个时间点，某项活动正在发生。 用法：A) 表示说话此刻正在进行。e.g.: What program are you watching?I am studying English.B) 表示现阶段正
13、在持续的动作。这是进行时态表示的是一个一般性的活动，在说话时刻这个动作并不一定正在发生。e.g.: These days I am translating a book.C) 表示最近的将来一定的安排。通常含有“计划” 、 “安排做”之意。e.g.: I am taking a makeup test tomorrow.D) 现在进行时常与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等连用，往往表示抱怨、厌烦、不合理或使人不愉快的事。e.g.: Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay yo
14、u back. Jack 常常借钱忘还。How come Joe is always groaning about things? Joe 为什么总是在抱怨？5. 过去进行时 形式：be doing: was/were doing 意义：强调在过去这个时间点，某项活动正在发生。 用法：A) 用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情。e.g.: I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.（特定时刻）B) 过去进行时还常常和一般过去时配合使用。此时，过去进行时通常表示一个历史较长的体现“背景”的动作或状态
15、；而一般过去时则表示此“背景”下发生的，短暂的动作或状态。过去进行时动作先发生，一般过去时动作后发生。e.g. I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(在五打电话过程中，她到了。先 telephone，后 arrive)I telephoned Harry when she arrived.(她回来之后，我才打电话。先 arrive,后 telephone)6. 将来进行时 形式： will be doing 意义：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 用法：A) 表示在将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动。e.g.: Ill be lying
16、on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow.Wait until seven oclock so that they wont still be eating.进行时态练习一、用适当时态填空1. How fast you (drive)when the accident happened?2. I (walk) along the street when suddenly I (hear)footsteps behind me. Somebody (follow) me. I was frightened and I started to run.3. Why
17、 you (stare)at me like that?4. anybody (watch)TV or I (turn)it off?5. I (want)to lose weight. So this month I (not, eat)lunch. I am only eating fruits.6. Clint phoned me last night. He is on holiday in Qindao.He (have)a good time and (want)to come back until the end of this month.7. You (always, wat
18、ch)TV. You should do something more active.二、用适当时态填空1. The television was on but nobody (watch) it.2. I (see)you in the park yesterday afternoon. You (sit)on the grass and (talk) with some people.3. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.4. The water (boil). Can you turn it off?5. Water (boil)at 100 deg
19、rees Celsius.6. After three days of rain, Im glad that the sun (shine)again today.7. Every morning the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake)me up.8. I (ride)home yesterday when suddenly an old lady (walk)out into the road in front of me. I (go)quite fast but luckily I was able to stop in time
20、and (not, hit)her.9. Look! There (go)our bus; well have to wait for the next one.10. It (rain)hard, but no one stopped working. 单选选择1. Ill go with you as soon as I my homework.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishingD. have finished2. He at 8 oclock every morning.A. is going to workB. went to workC.
21、 goes to workD. will go to work3. When I see Jean in the street, she always at me.A. smiledB. has smiled C. was smilingD. smiles4. Look, here the famous player.A. comes B. cameC. has comeD. come5. The year four seasons.A. has been divided intoB. is divided intoC. has divided in D. was divided into6.
22、 Nobody likes her because she to carry favor with the boss.A. has always triedB. does always tryC. always triesD. is always trying答案：一、1. were，driving2. was walking, heard. was following3. are staring4. Is, watching , ll turn5. want, am not eating6. is having, doesnt want.7. are always watching.二、1.
23、 was watching 2. saw, were sitting, talking3. is waiting4. is boiling5. boils6. is shining7. shines, wakes8. was riding, walked ,was going, didnt hit9. goes10. was raining三、1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B6. D7. 现在完成时 形式：have/has done 意义：开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。 (黑点表示现在和过去两个时间点；时间骰表示动作在延续；徐建投表示
24、动作可能继续持续下去） 用法：A)延续到现在的动作或状态：特点：1) 谓语动词一般为延续性动词2) 动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。3) 与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间”的时间状语，已说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。 与现在完成时态搭配的时间状语：1. since+时间点e.g.: Ive worked in this company since 1980.2. for+时间段e.g.: Ive worked in this company for 3years.Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.3. “到目前为止.”until now, up till now, up to now, so far, up until now
