1、宾语从句学 习 宾 语 从 句 要 抓 住 三 要 素 ： 连 接 词 、 语 序 和 时 态 。1.宾语从句的定义宾 语 从 句 在 复 合 句 中 起 宾 语 的 作 用 ， 可 以 作 动 词 的 宾 语 ， 也 可 以 做 介 词 的 宾 语 作 动 词 的 宾 语 : I heard that he would come here later on. 主 语 谓 语 动 词 一 个 句 子 作 宾 语作 介 词 的 宾 语 : He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主 语 谓 语 动 词 代 词 作 动 词 的
2、宾 语 介 词 一 个 句 子 作 介 词 的 宾 语2.宾语从句中引导词（连 接 词 ） 的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他 告 诉 我 他明 年 上 大 学 . I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我 不 知 道 是 否 还 会 有 公
3、交车 . Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没 有 人 知 道 他 是 否 会 通 过 考 试 .that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合 that 可以省略）可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, not
4、ice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.Attention：宾 语 从 句 的 否 定 转 移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主 句 的 谓 语 动 词 是think,be
5、lieve,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等 ,并 且 主 句 的 主语 是 第 一 人 称 而 且 为 一 般 现 在 时 ,从 句 的 否 定 词 一 般 要 转 移 到 主 句 上 来 ,其 反 义 疑 问句 一 般 与 宾 语 从 句 一 致 . I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我 认 为 那 个 人 不 是 Jim 所 杀 的 ,是 不 是 ? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont
6、 she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如 果 宾 语 从 句 中 有 某 个 含 有 否 定 意 义 的 形 容 词 或 副 词 (不 包 含 带 有 否 定 前 缀 的 词 ，如 ： unhappy， unfair， dislike 等 ),其 反 义 疑 问 句 要 用 肯 定 形 式 . We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我 们 发 现 他 从 不 仔 细 听 老 师 讲 课 ， 是 不 是 ？当 主 句 的
7、 主 语 是 第 二 、 三 人 称 时 ， 其 反 义 疑 问 句 一 般 与 主 句 保 持 一 致 。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1)I dont think he is right,_
8、?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what (5). You cant imagine _when
9、they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情况中 that 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的that 不可省。I believe（ that） you have done your best and that things will get better 2、 当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，
10、that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、 当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4、 当 it 作 形 式 宾 语 时 例 句 ： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移
11、到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。5、 当 宾 语 从 句 前 置 时 That our team will win， I believe6、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等 动 词 的 宾 语 时 ; 由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿
12、。但在下列情况下只能用 whether，不能用 if：在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用whether（ifor not 也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
13、I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether
14、to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：bIf you like the book，please l
15、et me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用 if 不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句1、 if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2、 if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3、 引导状语从句 even if（即使）和 as if（好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从
16、句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连 接 代 词 一 般 指 疑 问 ,但 what, whatever 除 了 指 疑 问 外 ,也 可 以 指 陈 述 .Do you know who has won Red Alert ga
17、me?你 知 道 是 谁 赢 得 了 红 色 警 报 的 游 戏 么 ？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这 本 书 会 告 诉 你 最 好 的 执 行 总 裁 该 了 解 什 么 .Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你 决 定 好 是 买 诺 基 亚 还 是 摩 托 罗 拉 的 电 话 了 吗 ?连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me w
18、hen we should meet again. 他 没 有 告 诉 我 什 么 时 候 我 们 能 再见 面 . Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你 能 告 诉 我 怎 么 用 这 个 新 的 操 作 盘 吗 ? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没 有 人 知 道 这 些 的 新 的 零 件 能 在 哪 里 买 到 .练 习 题(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he i
19、s at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. w
20、hy B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, wh
21、ere(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 练 习
22、 题(1) Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. h
23、ow the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could yo
24、u tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter四.宾语从句的时态时 态 ： 1、 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmast
25、er hopes everything goes well. 2、 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3、 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 练 习 题(1) Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven
26、t started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. ha
27、d passed C. pass D. will pass (5) “Could you tell me_?” “Yes. They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bou
28、ght C. would buy D. buys (7) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone高中宾语从句练习题及答案详解1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spo
29、ke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D.
30、when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have sh
31、own C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmh
32、ouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said
33、. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjo
34、yed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The l
35、etter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant r
36、emember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never f
37、orget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for whi
38、ch 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard,
39、 _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your fac
40、tory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _
41、would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.
42、 A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
