1、 美国快餐文化和词汇大全生活在美国( 一) 无所不在的快餐点 随着美国人生活节奏的加快，快餐食品便应运而生其快餐连锁店遍及世界各地，其中影响最大的当属麦当劳快餐连锁店供应的快餐食品有：汉堡包、烤牛肉、牛排、火腿、三明治、肯德鸡、油炸土豆片、烘馅饼、冰淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等Fast Food 快餐食品Fast-food chains，American-style， are currently on the increase all over the worldMost of these places work on a similar principle There is a long coun
2、ter ， above which is displayed a list（often with pictures） of the items available， and behind which several people（often students working for the minimum wage）are serving Individual queues form in front of each assistant You receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on a tray to a
3、table， picking up thing like straws（吸管）， peper， salt， ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）and napkins（usually paper napkins） on the wayIf yo cant see any knives and forks ， this means you are supposed to eat with your handsIf you cant see any straws， thats because they are hiding in the straw dispenser（分配器） tha
4、t you have to fiddle（拨弄） with the bottom of it to get a straw（ one at a time）to emergeWhen youve finished， you yourself throw away everything except the trayMany fast-food places have drive-in facilitiesYou place your order from your car via（通过） a microphone and then drive round to a special window
5、to pay and pick it up You may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out， and you sit and eat it in the car from a tray hooked over the door through the open windowYou may be asked if your order is “for here”or “to go ”（ ie to take away）In some states there is no sales tax on food co
6、nsumedTypes of Fast Food Restaurants 快餐店的种类The most widespread type of fast-food restaurant is that serving hamburgers， such asthe chains of MacDonaldAll the different chains have their own specialties Arbys restaurants serve large roast beef， ham and cheese， and turkey（火鸡） “sandwidhes” Some restaur
7、ant chians specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply And then theres Kntucky Fried ChickenChips 油炸土豆片Chips in Amercis are called “French fries”or “fries ”for short（Note that in the USA “chips” mean crisps）“French fries”are normally thinner than chipsAmercians generally put ketchup on their ch
8、ips ，and you will not normally find vigegar（醋）Pizzas （意大利式）烘焰饼There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenientThey come in different sizes， and a large one can be big enought for a party of fo
9、ur peopleIf you want ot share a pizza but cant agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two differentsets of toppings ，one set on each halfIce-Cream 冰淇淋Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice-cream are very common in America If you are not sure what flavor you want ，generaly
10、 you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it You can either have your ice-cream in a “plain cone”（普通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥形物）Soft Drinks 软饮料Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcoholThe soft drinks most often sold are Coca-Cola and PepsiCola， plus fizzy drin
11、ks （which are like leminade）and root beer（which is like cough medicine）Fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”All these drinks come wiht lost of ice In fact， yu will probably find as much ice as drink in your drinkIf you
12、ask fo a soft drink without ice， they will think yu are funny but will probably oblige（ They may charge you a bit extra， fo ice is cheaper than Coke） 生活在美国( 二) 美国人的用餐习惯美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀
13、，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in ones right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.The system is
14、that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then theyput the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly
15、 ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans dont use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes,
16、fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to bo chased around the plate with the fork and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.Third, tab
17、les are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remerber to save it for the meat course. Even desserts(甜食) (except i
18、ce cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience. If you order eggs in a restaurant,the
19、waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them . You can reply that you want them “scrambled(炒)“ or “boiled“. It is not sufficient, however, to ask for them “fried“; you will have to specify whether you would prefer them “sunny-side-up“ (煎一面), “over“(两面煎), “over-easy/easy-over“(两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状 ).Ameri
20、can sausage(香肠)comes in slices and is quite spicy. But you can also have link sausage.American bacon comes in small strips, can be rather fat, and is served crispy. It is usually very tasty, and you can eat it with your fingers.“Hash brows“(油炸土豆片) are shredded(切成碎片的)and fried potatoes. They are wond
21、erful, especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).“Pancakes“, sometimes called “hot cakes“, are made with baking power. They are normallyserved in a pile, and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆) on them.“Jelly“(果子冻) is jam and includes grape jelly, which is very tasty.Toast is often served
22、 already buttered.“English muffins(松饼)“ are like small crumpets(烤饼)without the holes and are served toasted. You put jam on them.A “biscuit“(软饼) is a snall, scone-like bread roll, often served hot.Orange juice and coffee are often serced with breakfast. 生活在美国( 三) 美国人的主食 美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州
23、，人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要打包带回家，以免浪费。Cocktail 鸡尾酒It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal.
24、You can either have a cocktail in the bar, if there is one, while you wait for a table or for friends, or you can have one servedbefore your dinner comes. At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your tableas soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this
25、 while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. In this case, you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter- or the wine waiter is there is one.Do not hesitate to order Californian wines. They can be excellent and in m
26、any parts of the country are cheap.Salad 色拉It is usual to have a salad with your meal, and a separate plate is provided for this purpose. The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course. A wonderful American invention is the salad bar. In restaurants that have these salad b
27、ars the waiterdoes not bring your salad. You go to the salad bar and help yourself, usually to as much as you want. This is normally done after you have ordered your meal; you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.Choosing from the Menu 选菜American menus can look rather confusing at fir
28、st sight, for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors. Here are some points which may be useful.Fried mushrooms, fried onion rings (洋葱圈) and fried zucchini (小胡瓜) are sometimes served as starters (第一道菜).Potatoes most often come “French-fried“ or baked. If you order a baked potato
29、, the waiter will ask you what you want on it. The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives (细香葱).Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal, and you have to pay extra for them.“Scrod“ (小鳕鱼), “red snapper“ (啮龟) and “mahi hahi“ are all name of fish. “Seafood“means lo
30、bster (龙虾), shellfish and fish, including,funnily enough, freshwater fish! Prawns (对虾) are known as “shrimp“.American beef is usually good and often wonderful.American salt and pepper (糊椒粉) pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pots ho
31、les are bigger. Pepper is normally black rather than white. American mustard (芥末) is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped (搅拌过的) butter.Leftovers 吃剩的食物You have probably heard that in American restaurant
32、s, if you cant finish your meal, you can put the remains in a “doggy bag“ and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if youd like him to put it into “a little bag“, or you can ask him to do this. 生活在美国( 四) 美国用餐常识中国菜着重色、香、味， 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，
33、应该注意如下事项：1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；2）餐馆营业时间（上午 11：30 开门营业，直到夜晚）；3）一般都应事先预订餐位：4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的 10%15%）。Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is
34、mostly fine.Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants“. Many of these serve no alcoholand have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelettes(炒蛋) and san
35、dwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaperchildrens portios(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are “speciatly“ restaurants .They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc.When to Eat 供餐时间Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones,
36、open at about 11：30 a.m.(midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m
37、. , than waiting until later.Reserving a Table 预订餐位Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-its more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, if there is one-but there que
38、ues more quickly.Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down-unless yousee a sign saying “Please seat yourself“ . Usually you will have to wait for a “hostess“ or “captain“(领班) to escort(陪同) you to a table . Often there will be a sign that re
39、ads “Please wait to be seated“.Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed . It just isnt done.Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows.One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitresswill often brin
40、g you a glass or water(with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something atthe same time.)When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Ea
41、ch person orders separately , except in the most expensive restaurants.Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (Youre supposed just to say “Fine“), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.To
42、summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call “Bill“, or “Mary“, or “Claude“, or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names.Paying the Bill 付款The bill (often called the
43、“check“) comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiquette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition o
44、f tax.At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out. 生活在美国( 五) 在美国租车在美国租车旅行既节省开支，又方便舒适，更是浪漫刺激。驾车旅行必须严格遵守交通规则：系上安全带；按交通灯指示行驶；如遇校车（一律为黄色）停下接送学生，双向行驶的所有车辆必须停止；按规定车速驾驶，车在高速公路上行驶时，其最低时速为 40 英里，最高时速只能在 65 英里左右，市内时速一般在 25 至 35 英里之间。停车也有许多限制，千万记住：绝不能将
45、车停在消防龙头的前面。 Rental CarsIt costs surprisingly little to rent a car in the United States. You do not need an international or American drivers license （执照）to rent a car; you can use your national licensein most cases.When you rent a car, we suggest getting a rate with unlimited mileage(无里程限制), you pay
46、 a fixed rate per day and can drive as many miles as you wish. Compare the companys rates-you may find interesting holiday or weekend rates, or international wisitor rates.Most Americans drive and rent cars with automatic transmission(自动变速), meaning you dont have to change gears(挡) manually.Note tha
47、t , surprisingly enough, some car rental companies will not accept cash-you need a credit card. (They can then trace you if youve stolen or damaged the car.)It is vevy often possible to get a “one-way rental“: you rent a car in one place and leave it in another. This can be extremely convenient, alt
48、hough it is normallly more expensive. Prices may vary according to what time of the week it is, as well whether mileage(里程) is included or not. It is worthwile checking around different firms to see which has the best arangemetns for you particular plans. Choosing Your CarAmeerican cars are generall
49、y much larger and heavier than Japanese cars, although there is now a big increase in the production of smaller cars.The larger cars are extremely comfortable and relaxing to drive , but they do not generally handle or corner as well as smallr cars. Besides, they consume(消耗) large amount of gasoline(汽油).For larger American cars terms such as “economy“, “mid-size“ and “luxury“ are used.If you are anxious about changing gear with the wrong hand, it is a good idea to choose and automatic, even if you are more
