1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）论住房抵押贷款保险姓 名学 科 、 专 业 经 济 法 （ 全 日 制 法 学 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 商 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2论住房抵押贷款保险（硕士论文摘要）本文分四个部分探讨住房抵押贷款保险的理论与实践问题，运用了法理分析、比较分析、案例分析的方法，首先概括了住房抵押贷款、住房抵押贷款的风险、住房抵押贷款保险的基础理论，在分析了我国现行住房抵押贷款保险合同的若干重要条款的基础上，对一些实务上颇具争议的合同约定和业务操作进行了探讨，对住房抵押贷款保险的发展提出了一些建议。第一章为基础理论研究。本文旨在对住房抵押贷款、住房抵押贷款风险、住房抵押贷款保险的
2、基础理论进行讨论，为后文对住房抵押贷款保险若干问题的论述提供理论基础。第二章对我国现行的住房抵押贷款房屋险、住房抵押贷款人身险、住房抵押贷款保证保险合同中的合同主体、保险责任、责任免除、保险金额、保险期限、保险费条款进行了分析。本章旨在界定在我国现行保险条款中的保险人、投保人、被保险人、受益人，归纳总结贷款银行、借款人、保险公司在住房抵押贷款保险合同中的权利义务关系，为后文对住房抵押贷款保险中的若干问题提供实践基础。第三章探讨了住房抵押贷款保险的合同条款和业务操作中的若干问题。第一，概括了支持和反对住房抵押贷款保险“强制性”的理由，认为应尊重当事人的意思自治，该约定是贷款银行行使抵押物保险金的
3、物上代位权的行使；第二，认为银行指定保险公司的行为不仅违背了意思自治原则，还违背法律规定，应该予以禁止。分析了“代办保险”的法律性质，并概括目前的反对理由，认为“代办保险”的行为构成民法上的双方代理行为，应将注意力转移到对银保双方在代理关系的规制上；第三，分析了住房抵押贷款保险费中的相关问题：（1）认为目前的保险责任应过于狭窄，若干责任免除不甚合理。 （2）分析了住房抵押贷款保险的保险金额的若干看法，认为应以住房抵押贷款本息额为保险金额，但是将土地使用权价格从中分离可操作性差。 （3）保险费率的计算应坚持充足性原则和必要性原则。一方面住房抵押贷款保险的费率 2003 年以来已经大幅度下调且保险
4、责任范围亦有所增加，另一方面，高昂的手续费和高比例的退保率使得实际赔付率不高的住房抵押贷款保险面临的尴尬局面。 （4） “保险期3限为自约定起保日零时起”具有合理性，分析“约定起保日”的含义。 （5）分析保险费趸缴的弊端，认为按年缴付不论对保险公司还是对投保人均有利，但是会受到银行的抵制；第四，分析学界关于财产保险中是否应有受益人的观点，认为银行为受益人具有合法性和合理性；第五，针对实践中住房抵押贷款保险中易出现的纠纷进行分析：（1）在保证保险与抵押担保竞合的情形下，如保险公司与银行有特别约定则依约定解决，否则保险公司不能依照物权法第176 条抗辩银行的赔付请求。 （2）在借款人恶意欺诈的情形
5、下，保险公司不承担保险责任，若其与银行签订的合作协议中约定由保险公司独立审查投保人资信，则保险公司应承担违约责任。 （3）认为在保险人依据信用保险或者保证保险合同向被保险给付保险赔偿金后，对于主债务人所享有的求偿权适用保险法规定之保险代位权原则。第四章为本文对住房抵押贷款保险发展提出的建议。第一，建议保险公司扩大现有险种的责任范围，开发新型人身保险，活跃住房抵押贷款保险市场。建议保险公司积极拓展网络、电话的营销渠道和改变险种同质化严重的情形，减少对银行的过度依赖，同时深化与银行之间的合作关系，改变现在的低层次的分销协议关系；第二，分析了提前还贷的法律性质，并建议银行开发多种多样的住房抵押贷款品
6、种，满足不同群体的需要，同时在住房抵押贷款合同中明确约定提前还贷行为的违约责任并引入“点数”这个概念，通过上述方式遏制提前还贷行为；第三，分析了实现住房抵押贷款证券化的意义，并针对在我国实现住房抵押贷款证券化的贷款转让、信用增级、特殊目的机构、机构投资者准入资格、税收等方面的法律障碍进行了探讨；第四，分析了在我国建立政府主导的住房抵押贷款担保机构的必要性，并对该机构的组织形式、运作模式提出了设想。关键词 住房抵押贷款 房屋保险 人身保险 保证保险1Research On The Residential Mortgage Loan InsuranceAbstractThe dissertatio
7、n is consists of four parts to discuss on the residential mortgage loan insurance, in terms of theory and practical issues, by means of Theoretical Analysis, Comparison Analysis, Case Analysis. First, it abstracts the basic theory of the residential mortgage loan, the risk of the residential mortgag
8、e loan and the residential mortgage loan insurance. On the base of the analysis on some crucial items in the residential mortgage loan insurance contract widely used in modern China, the author researches some items of insurance contract and business processes which are ambiguous in practical affair
9、s, gives several suggestions on the development of the residential mortgage loan insurance. The first chapter is about the basic theory. This chapter aims to provide the theoretical basis for discussion on some issues of the residential mortgage loan insurance，by means of researching the basic theor
10、y of the residential mortgage loan, the risk of the residential mortgage loan, the residential mortgage loan insurance.In the second part, the author makes analysis on the main terms of housing insurance contract, life insurance contract and guarantee insurance contract widely used in modern China，s
11、uch as contract subject, insured liability, exemption of insured liability, sum insured, insurance period, premium. This chapter aims to provide the practical basis for the following discussion on certain issues on the residential mortgage loan insurance, by means of defining the insurer, the applic
12、ant for insurance, the insured, the beneficiary, concluding and summarizing rights and obligations among the lending bank，the debtor and the insurer in insurance contract used in China.Chapter 3 studies several issues on contract terms and business process. First, it abstracts the reason for the sup
13、port and disapproval of the enforceability of the residential mortgage loan insurance. The author believes that the principle of party 2autonomy is applicable to this problem. This agreement is the embodiment of subrogation of insurance money of estate under mortgage the lending bank has. Second, th
14、e author believes it should be forbidden for the act that the banks name specific insurance companies, for the reason it not only deviates from the party autonomy principle, but also conflicts the legal provision. The author analyses the legal nature of acts of insurance agency, abstracts the reason
15、s for disapproval of it. The author believes insurance agency is “bilateral agency” in Civil Law. The emphasis shall be placed on the regulation for Agent Relation between the bank and the insurance company. Third, the author analyses some relevant issues on insurance premium of the residential mort
16、gage loan insurance. a. The present insurance liability is too limited. Certain exemption of insured liability is not reasonable. b. Discuss on some opinions of insurance premium of the residential mortgage loan insurance, present the proposition that the principal and interest amount of the residen
17、tial mortgage loan shall be taken as the insurance premium amount, but its not feasible to minus the price of land usufruct. c. The calculation of the rate of insurance premium shall adhere to the principle of adequacy and necessity. On one side, the rate of insurance of residential mortgage loan is
18、 reduced greatly since the year of 2003, and the scope of the liability of insurance is enlarged, on the other, the excessive commission and the high proportion of rate of insurance termination place the residential mortgage loan insurance whose loss ratio is not high in a dilemma. d. The term “the
19、duration of the insurance starts at midnight of the date of on which it prescribed.” is in rationality, the author analyses the implication of the term “The beginning of the insurance liability is agreed by the parties”. e. Deduces the weakness of payment by one time, believes that payment by year i
20、s beneficial either to the insured party or to the insurance company, but it will receives the resistance from the bank. Fourth, analyzing both two viewpoints from academia that whether there should be beneficiary in property insurance, the author believes that its legal and reasonable for the bank
21、as the beneficiary. Fifth, discuss specifically on the disputes that frequently come up in the residential mortgage loan guarantee insurance in juridical 3practice. a. In the condition of the overlap of guarantee insurance and mortgage guarantee, the dispute is settled according to the special agree
22、ments between the insurance company and the bank if they have, otherwise, the insurance company can not defense to reject to pay insurance compensation in accord with item 176 in Real Right Law. b. If the insured cheats maliciously, the insurance company doesnt shoulder the responsibility. If the co
23、operative agreement between the insurance company and the bank appoints it shall be the insurance company to inspect the credit of the insured on its own, the insurance company shall be liable for the breach of the loan contract. c. The insurance subrogation principal applies to the insurers recours
24、e to the debtor, if the insurer pays insurance compensation according to the guarantee insurance contract.Chapter 4 gives some suggestions to the development of the residential mortgage loan insurance. First of all, broaden the scope of insurance liability now in the insurance contract, develop new
25、kinds of life insurance, make the market of residential mortgage market loan insurance more active, explore the sales channel of network and telephone, avoid the situation that insurances turn coessential seriously, reduce dependence on the bank, and at the same time, strengthen the cooperation rela
26、tionship with the bank, change the low level relation based on distribution contract. Second, analyze the legal nature of repaying the loans in advance. Give the propositions to the bank which are developing various kinds of residential mortgage loan to meet the demands of different groups, and at t
27、he same time, prescribing obviously the liability of default on the behavior of repaying loan in advance in the residential mortgage loan contract. By means of the above, the bank wants to restrain the act of repaying loan in advance. Third, conclude the significance of residential mortgage loan sec
28、uritization, discuss specifically on the legal obstacles of transfer of loan, credit enhancement, SPV, entry qualification for institutional investors, tax law in residential mortgage loan securitization in China. Fourth, deduce the necessity of government leading guarantee agency on residential mor
29、tgage loan and conceive the form of organization and operation of the agency laconically.4Key Words Residential Mortgage Loan Housing Insurance Life Insurance Guarantee Insurance1目 录导 言 .1第一章 住房抵押贷款保险概述 .3第一节 住房抵押贷款的基础理论 .3一、住房抵押贷款的内涵界定 .3二、住房抵押贷款的法律特征 .4三、住房抵押贷款的产品种类 .4第二节 住房抵押贷款保险产生的条件 .5一、住房抵押贷款风
30、险分析 .5二、住房抵押贷款保险的适用范围 .7第三节 住房抵押贷款保险一般理论探讨 .8一、住房抵押贷款保险的产生以及发展 .8二、住房抵押贷款保险的基础理论探讨 .10第二章 住房抵押贷款保险合同分析 .15第一节 住房抵押贷款房屋险合同分析 .15一、合同主体 .15二、保险责任 .17三、责任免除 .17四、保险金额 .17五、保险期限 .18六、保险费 .18第二节 住房抵押贷款人身保险合同分析 .19一、合同主体 .19二、保险责任 .20三、责任免除 .20四、保险金额 .212五、保险期限 .22六、保险费 .22第三节 住房抵押贷款保证保险合同分析 .22一、保证保险合同的性
31、质 .23二、保证保险合同当事人的界定 .23三、住房抵押贷款保证保险合同主体 .24四、保险责任 .24五、责任免除 .26六、保险金额 .26七、保险期限 .27八、保险费 .27第三章 住房抵押贷款保险若干问题的法律探讨 .28第一节 “强制性保险”条款的合法性辨析 .28一、认同住房抵押贷款保险强制性的理由 .28二、反对住房抵押贷款保险强制性的理由 .29三、住房抵押贷款保险强制性的探讨 .29四、强制性保险引发的思考住房抵押贷款保险存废论的法律思辨 .31第二节 贷款银行指定保险与代办保险的问题 .32一、贷款银行指定保险一个被保监会明文禁止的行为 .32二、 “代办保险”中的手续费行为亟待规范 .34第三节 关于住房抵押贷款合同保险费的分析 .36一、关于保险责任范围的分析保险人承保范围过窄 .36二、关于保险金额的分析应以贷款金额为最高限额 .37三、关于保险费率的分析充足性原则和合理性原则的适用 .39四、保险期限的争议焦点期房的保险期限计算问题 .42五、关于保险费支付方式的分析 .42第四节 银行为受益人的合法性和合理性的分析 .44一、住房抵押贷款保险中银行为受益人属合法指定 .44二、住房抵押贷款保险中银行为受益人具有一定的合理性 .45
