1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）农产品地理标志商标法保护相关问题探究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 民 商 法 学 （ 全 日 制 法 学 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 知 识 产 权 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2农产品地理标志商标法保护相关问题探究（硕士论文摘要） 作为一项与农业紧密相关的知识产权，地理标志与特定地域农产品品质间的密切联系决定着其内在的社会经济价值。尤其对我国这样的农业大国而言，农业产业不仅关乎九亿农民的切身利益，更关乎着整个国家的经济发展。但是相较于工业领域，农业知识产权的保护还较薄弱，如何走一条适合农产品地理标志保护的优选之路是农业资源优势国家共同面对的话题。商标法为这一问题的解决提供
2、了一条有效途径，也因此成为了当今世界农产品地理标志保护的主要方式。但农产品地理标志的知识产权保护毕竟是滞后于农产品发展需求产生的，尤其在我国商标立法尚不完善，国家工商总局、国家质检总局以及农业部的认证监管体制相互冲突及相关立法混乱的现状下，农产品地理标志的商标法保护还存在着诸多问题。本文抛开传统的保护模式之争，以地理标志商标法保护的合理性分析为切入，通过对农产品地理标志与地名商标的冲突和标志自身的淡化与通用化问题进行细致分析，以不同以往的研究视角对农产品地理标志的商标法保护问题进行了探究。最终以此为基础提出了对我国现有商标法的立法完善和制度协调建议，为以商标法保护为基础、其他行政监管体制相结合
3、的农产品地理标志保护体系的构建提出自己的见解。本文通过以下四部分展开论述：第一章首先对农产品地理标志商标法保护的基本理论进行了简要分析。农产品地理标志是地理标志的下位概念。地理标志的具体适用范围依各国立法而不同，除农产品以外一般还包括瓷器、丝织等传统手工业制品。但农产品是其最主要的保护对象，也最能体现地理标志的法律特性和经济价值。所以本文将研究对象限定为农产品地理标志，并依国际性条约和国内立法的相关规定对农产品的范围及其概念加以明确，继而对农产品地理标志法律保护的理论基础和经济价值进行了分析。第二章对农产品地理标志法律保护的不同模式进行了比较研究。不同保护模式的并存是农产品地理标志商标法保护研
4、究中不可忽视的因素，也是合理周延地对其进行理论分析的前提。通过对商标法及其他保护模式的对比总结得出3模式间差异对农产品地理标志商标法保护方式的借鉴意义。第三章对农产品地理标志纳入商标法体系保护的合理性进行了系统分析。通过对农产品地理标志商标法保护的主要方式即集体商标和证明商标的法律性质及相关立法的论述，从农产品地理标志的自身特性和商标法地理标志保护的优势与局限两方面综合分析了该保护方式的利弊。第四章首先对农产品地理标志商标法保护实践中农产品地理标志与地名商标的冲突以及农产品地理标志的淡化和通用化问题进行了详细探究。以此为基础，结合我国农产品地理标志发展情况、立法现状和保护中存在的主要障碍，从立
5、法完善、体制融合以及具体建议三方面提出了完善我国农产品地理标志商标法保护的构想。关键词 农产品 地理标志 商标法保护1Research on the Trademark Law Protection of Geographical Indications of Agricultural Products(Dissertation Abstract of Master of Law)Geographical indications internal characters determine its economic and social values. As an intellectual pr
6、operty closely related to agriculture, geographical indications are more linked with agricultural products. Especially to such a big agricultural country as China, the agriculture industry is not only related to the interests of 900 million farmers, and also direct bearing on the entire countrys eco
7、nomic development. But compared to the case of industry, the protection of agricultural intellectual property is still weak. So how to provide a perfect protection to geographical indications of agricultural products is a common issue faced by all countries which have predominant agricultural resour
8、ces. Trademark Law is just an effective way for the settlement, and then becomes the main way to protect geographical indications of agricultural products in the world. After all, the intellectual property protection for geographical indications of agricultural products is lagging behind the demands
9、 of agricultural development. Particularly in china, there are more problems in trademark laws protection for the geographical indications of agricultural products under this status. such as the trademark legislation is imperfect, the certification and management systems between State Administration
10、 For Industry & Commerce (SAIC), the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and the Ministry of Agriculture are conflicted and the related legislation is confused. This thesis tries to set aside the traditional dispute of the protected modes to discuss the aca
11、demic and practical problems existed in the trademark protection, and offer the suggestions to the legal protection of geographical indications in our country. The relative issues are analyzed through the following four chapters:The first chapter analyzes the basic theory of geographical indications
12、 of agricultural products. The geographical indications of agricultural products is the sub-conception of geographical indications. Although the geographical indications 2applicative scope still includes non-agricultural products such as porcelain, silk and other traditional handicrafts, and the spe
13、cific scope of protection also varies in accordance with national legislation, the agricultural products are the most main object of this protection and the embodiment of legal characteristics and economic value. So this thesis described the rationality and the importance of geographical indications
14、 protection on the basis with limiting the research object as agricultural products and defining their conception. The second chapter mades a comparative study of legal mode of agricultural products geographical indications protection. We should not ignore the coexistence of different protected mode
15、s in geographical indications of agricultural products, and it is also a premise to analyze the protection of trademark law reasonably and comprehensively. Finally through the comparative analysis of the differences between trademark law and other modes, this chapter provides the reference to the pr
16、otection of trademark law for geographical indications of agricultural products.The third chapter gives a systemic study on the reasonableness of protecting geographical indications of agricultural products in the trademark law system. Collective trademarks and certification trademarks are the main
17、forms in trademark law to protect geographical indications of agricultural products. With analyzing their legal natures and the relevant legislation, the advantages and disadvantages of trademark laws protection was studied form two points, which are their own characteristics of geographical indicat
18、ions of agricultural products and the preponderance and limitations of trademark law.The fourth chapter researches the practical issues of the conflict between geographical indications of agricultural products and geographical trademarks and the universalization and dilution problems of geographical
19、 indications of agricultural products. On this basis, combined with the development of geographical indications of agricultural products in China, the legislation status and the main obstacles in protection, this thesis finally perfects trademark laws protection of geographical indications of agricu
20、ltural products in China by suggesting in the improving legislation, the institutional integration and specific proposals three areas. 3Key words Agricultural products Geographical indications Trademark law protection 1目 录导 言 .1第一章 农产品地理标志商标法保护的基本理论分析 .2第一节 农产品与农产品地理标志的基本内涵 .2一、农产品的界定 .2二、农产品地理标志的概念
21、 .4第二节 农产品地理标志法律保护的理论基础及经济价值 .6第二章 农产品地理标志法律保护模式的比较分析 .8第一节 商标法保护模式 .8第二节 商标法以外的保护模式 .10一、专门立法保护模式 .10二、其他保护模式 .11第三节 保护模式差异对农产品地理标志商标法保护的借鉴意义 .12第三章 农产品地理标志纳入商标法体系保护的合理性探析 .13第一节 农产品地理标志商标法保护的主要方式集体商标与证明商标 .13一、集体商标和证明商标的法律个性 .13（一）集体商标的法律性质分析及立法 .13（二）证明商标的法律性质分析及立法 .15二、集体商标和证明商标对农产品地理标志的保护 .16第二
22、节 农产品地理标志商标法保护方式的合理性 .18一、农产品地理标志的法律特征 .18（一）农产品地理标志作为“有限私权” 的权利属性 .18（二）农产品地理标志的特殊构成 .20二、商标法保护地理标志的优势 .21（一）法律体系成熟性上的优势 .22（二）注册保护和国际贸易上的优势 .23（三）地理标志保护体制构建上的优势 .232第三节 农产品地理标志商标法保护的局限性 .24第四章 完善和加强农产品地理标志商标法保护的构想 .26第一节 农产品地理标志商标法保护实践中的主要问题 .26一、农产品地理标志与地名商标的冲突 .26（一）冲突表现及其法理分析 .27（二）以在先原则为适用的冲突协调 .31二、农产品地理标志的淡化与通用化 .34第二节 完善我国农产品地理标志商标法保护的构想 .37一、我国农产品地理标志保护的现状考察 .38（一）我国农产品地理标志的发展状况 .38（二）我国农产品地理标志保护的立法现状 .39（三）我国农产品地理标志保护中存在的主要障碍 .39二、我国农产品地理标志立法保护的完善 .41（一） 商标法的完善 .41（二）不同保护体系间的融合 .43三、农产品地理标志保护实践中的具体建议 .44（一）宏观层次的政府保护 .44（二）微观层次的农业生产经营者保护 .45结 语 .47参考文献 .48
