1、CMA Part 1 外部财务报告决策租赁会计租赁A lease is a long-term contract in which the owner of property (the lesser) allows another party (the lessee) to use the property for a stated period in exchange for a stated payment.The primary issue is whether the lease agreement transfers substantially all the benefits an
2、d risks of ownership of the asset to the lessee. If it does, the lease is classified as a capital lease. If it does not, the lease is classified as an operating lease.租赁A lease agreement transfers substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership of the asset to the lessee if at least one of the
3、 following criteria is met: The lease provides for the transfer of ownership of the leased property. The lease contains a bargain purchase option. A bargain purchase option gives the lessee the right to purchase the leased property for a price lower than its expected fair value at the date the optio
4、n becomes exercisable. The lease term is 75% or more of the estimated economic life of the leased property. The present value of the minimum lease payments is at least 90% of the fair value of the leased property.融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee AccountingIn a capital lease, the lessor transfers substantial
5、ly all of the benefits and risks of ownership to the lessee.At the inception of the lease, the lessee recognizes in its financial statements the leased asset (e.g. debit tangible asset) and a lease liability (e.g. credit lease obligation) at an amount equal to the present value of the minimum lease
6、payments.Minimum lease payments are the total amounts of cash that the lessee is expected to pay to the lessor over the lease term. It includes all the rental payments (including non-renewal penalty) plus the amount of residual value (or the minimum rental payments plus the amount of bargain purchas
7、e option).融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee AccountingInterest expense is calculated using the effective-interest method. It applies the appropriate interest rate to the carrying amount of the lease obligation at the beginning of each period to calculate interest expense.The leased asset is recognized in the
8、 lessees balance sheet. Thus, the lessee must depreciate it and recognize depreciation expense in the income statement. If the lease is capitalized because the lease either transfers ownership to the lessee by the end of the lease term or contains a bargain purchase option, the depreciation of the a
9、sset is over its entire estimated economic life. Otherwise, the asset is depreciated over the term of the lease.融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee AccountingOn 31 Dec 2009, a company leases equipment for 5 years with annual lease payment (rental) of $1,000 payable in advance. Assume that the lease constitutes
10、 a capital lease.Assume interest rate is 4%. Present value of lease payment is $4,630. Assume straight-line depreciation over useful life with zero residual value.融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee Accounting31-Dec-2009Dr. Property, Plant and Equipment 4,630Cr. Finance lease obligation 4,630Dr. Finance lease
11、obligation 1,000Cr. Cash 1,000融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee Accounting31-Dec-2010Dr. P&L (Interest expense) 145Cr. Finance lease obligation 145Dr. Finance lease obligation 1,000Cr. Cash 1,000Dr. P&L (Depreciation) 926Cr. Property, Plant and Equipment 926融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee Accounting31-Dec-2011Dr. P
12、&L (Interest expense) 111Cr. Finance lease obligation 111Dr. Finance lease obligation 1,000Cr. Cash 1,000Dr. P&L (Depreciation) 926Cr. Property, Plant and Equipment 926融资租赁Capital Lease Lessee Accounting31-Dec-2012Dr. P&L (Interest expense) 75Cr. Finance lease obligation 75Dr. Finance lease obligation 1,000Cr. Cash 1,000Dr. P&L (Depreciation) 926Cr. Property, Plant and Equipment 926
