1、CVName: Thomas Stearns Eliot (T. S. Eliot).Birthday: 26 September, 1888.Birthplace: St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Death day: 4 January, 1965 (aged 76). Death place: London, England, United Kingdom.Triple identities: poet, dramatist, critic.Writing period: 1915-1965Nationality: first American,
2、then English in 1927.Literature: modernism.Notable prize: Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948.Triple identities Poet (presentations focus) Dramatist- Sweeney Aginistes 力士斯威尼 Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂凶杀案 The Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会 The Confidential Clerk 机要秘书 The Family Reunion 全家团聚 Critic- the Sacred Wo
3、od 神木 Essays on Style and Order 风格及秩序论文集Elizabethan Essays 伊丽莎白论文集 After Strange Gods 拜异教之神 Background WW (1914-1918) Economic boom in America October Revolution in Russia Great Depression WW (Hitler and Nazi) Lost generation (Evolution theory and 2 wars) Imagist movement (1908-1917) Stream of Consc
4、iousnessEducation 1898 to 1905: a student at Smith Academy; studied Latin, Greek, French, and German. 1905: Milton Academy for a preparatory year. studied history, Latin, physics. 1906-1910: studied at Harvard and earned an A.B.; in 1910, earned a masters degree; studied classics, Medieval history,
5、comparative literature and philosophy; met George Santayana, Barret Wendell, and Irving Babbitt; read Dante, Jules Laforgue, and metaphysical poets; received M. A. 1910-1911: studying at the Sorbonne; got in touch with symbolism; touring European continent. 1911-1914: a student in philosophy at Harv
6、ard; studied the writings of F. H. Bradley, Buddhism and Indic philology. 1914: visited Marburg, Germany; studied philosophy; in October, studied in Merton College at Oxford.Two phases in his literary Pre-1927: Eccentric, bizarre, modernism On 29 June, 1927,he converted to Anglicanism and in Novembe
7、r he dropped his American citizenship and became a British subject (英籍人 ). Post 1927: tradition and religion; more casual, melodic, and contemplative method. Ash Wednesday is the first long poem striving for God. Major works in two phases The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (J.阿尔弗瑞德 普鲁弗洛克的情歌 ) Portr
8、ait of a Lady （一位女士的画） Preludes （前奏曲） The Waste Land (1922) (荒原 ) - The Burial of the Dead （死者葬仪）- A Game of Chess （对弈）- The Fire Sermon （火戒）- Death by Water （水里的死亡）- What the Thunder Said （雷霆的话） The Hollow Men (1925) （空心人） The Journey of the Magi (1930) （东方博士之旅） Ash Wednesday (April, 1930)（圣灰星期三） F
9、our Quartets (1943) （四首四重奏） Burnt Norton (1935) （烧毁了的诺顿） East Coker (1940) （东科克尔村） The Dry Salvages (1941) （干燥的塞尔维吉斯） Little Gidding (1942) （小吉丁）themes Death (four kinds of death) Sexuality Lost generation The modern society futile and chaotic Religion War from chapter , Little Gidding, Four Quartet
10、s Ash on an old mans sleeve Is all the ash the burnt roses leave. Dust in the air suspended Marks the place where a story ended. Dust inbreathed was a house - The wall, the wainscot (护墙板 )and the mouse. The death of hope and despair, This is the death of air. There are flood and drouth Over the eyes
11、 and in the mouth, Dead water and dead sand Contending for the upper hand. The parched eviscerate soil Gapes at the vanity of toil, Laughs without mirth. This is the death of earth. Water and fire succeed The town, the pasture and the weed. Water and fire deride The sacrifice that we denied. Water a
12、nd fire shall rot The marred foundations we forgot, Of sanctuary and choir. This is the death of water and fire.Name of The Waste Land The title of the poem draws its significance from the Fisher King legend. The Fisher King sins against God, who then punishes him by making him sexually impotent. Th
13、e disability of the King is reflected on his hand, so that his kingdom becomes a waste land. Hence the title. To restore the King to virility(男子特点 ) and his land to fertility, a quest is undertaken to search for the Holy Grail. The quester does not have to get the Grail, but he must come to the righ
14、t place and ask the right question about the nature of the Holy Cup. His question would be enough to make the well and young and his land fertile again. If he fails to ask the right question, the King would remain sexually wounded and his kingdom a waste land. In fact, this poem is the quest of find
15、ing the spiritual support. At last, through compassion, sacrifice and restraint, rain will come and the waste land will be saved. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock And indeed there will be timeTo wonder, “Do I dare?“ and, “Do I dare?“Time to turn back and descend the stair,With a bald spot in the
16、middle of my hairThey will say: “How his hair is growing thin!“My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pinThey will say: “But how his arms and legs are thin!“Do I dareDisturb the universe?In a minute there is timeFor decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse. In the room the women come and goTalking of Michelangelo. Prufrock is the image of an ineffectual, sorrowful, tragic twentieth-century Western man-Lost generation &city-life.
