1、 新编高校英语专业四级考试（ TEM4） 考试指南及模拟试题 第一章 听写专题 一、测试要求及题型 1 测试要求： 2004 年最新高等院校英语专业基础阶段英语考试大纲对基础阶段听写的要求是：在全面理解所听内容的基础上准确无误地逐字逐句写出全文。要求拼法和标点符号正确无误，错误率不超 8。考试时间 15 分钟。比重占总分的 15。 2 测试形式： 本部分为主观题。所听材料共念四遍。第一遍用正常速度朗读，录音语速为每分钟 120 个单词，让考生听懂材料 大意。第二、三遍朗读时意群、分句和句子之间留出约 15 秒的空隙，让考生书写。第四遍再用正常速度朗读，让考生检查。 听写当中一般不念逗号 、句号
2、，因此在听写时就要求学生自己会判断出每一次的停顿是在句末还是在句中。 全文听完后，考生有两分钟的检查时间。 二、应试技巧 听写部分要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以书写的形式表达出来。考生在听写时，应注意以下几点： 1. 每句话开头的第一个字母要大写，一句话中含有引用的句子时，被引用的句子开头也要大写。 例如： Shakespeare observed: To be or not to be, thats a question. 2. 书报、文章标题除冠词、连词和五个字母以下的介词外，其余单词首字母均需大写。 例如： Pride and Prejudice Gone with the Wind
3、Shakespeare Without Tears 3. 逗号或冒号后句子首字母仍用小写。例如： It is dark outside, and I am alone at home. 4. 在做听写题的时候，要注意由于读 音相近或相同而造成的听力上的错觉。例如： His 和 Hes ; break 和 brake; right 和 write 等等；还有可能由于朗读时的省音、吞音而造成了听力上的误解从而导致听写错误，比如将句子 Ive found a job. 写成了 I found a job. 避免这种错误的方法是从语法和上下文的意思来判断单词或句子是否写对了。 5. 为了节省时间，考生
4、记录时应充分利用缩写。因此，考生最好尽量熟练掌握日常通用缩写。例如：联合国 UN , 联合国教科文组织 UNESCO，欧洲共同体 EC。另 外考生也可以创造一些常见词的缩写，如“四个现代化”一词，用“ 4M”即可。但缩写时需非常慎重，如果缩写得太简单或含糊不清，反而会给听写造成困难。例如：记录时只简单记“ pro”这一词头，很可能等到再回忆这一个单词时，一时搞不清“ pro”是“ progress”还是“ professional。 6. 在听写时也可以利用一些简单的符号作为辅助。在这一方面没有统一的规定，我们可以用简单明了的符号表达某一个词，甚至一个意群。例如： 和：表示否定的意思，不是、不
5、等于、不同意等 ：表示上升、增长 、发展 ：表示下降、削减、情况变坏 ：表示方向、目的 ？：表示疑问，问题 ：表示逐步减少、缩小 ：表示逐步扩大、增多。 但是考生要切记符号不要创造得太多、太滥，不要花样翻新。否则在听写时，连自己都不认识，记不起它们代表什么意思，反而会导致听写失败。 7. 在听写中，要求尽快把句子的关键信息记下来。所谓句子的关键信息就是指句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补。为了节省时间，考生可以在听的时候用简写，甚至用汉语也可以，只要自己最后能根据所记录的内容填写出句 子就可以。 8. 最后，考生要对所听写的内容进行检查。主要是检查字母大小写，名词单复数，动词时态和冠词的使用等，每个
6、人还可以根据自己的情况另外确定一些需要检查的方面。 三、 1992 2004 年听写真题 1992 Dictation transcript Can you imagine how difficult life would become if all supplies of paper suddenly disappeared? Banks and post offices, schools and colleges would be forced to close. F ood manufacturers would be unable to pack or label their prod
7、ucts. There would be no magazines, newspapers or books. And we would no longer be able to write to our friends and relatives. Those would be only a few of the troubles of a paperless world. Everywhere we turn, we find paper. Without it, our modern world would come to a standstill. Paper is the life
8、blood of industry, the carrier of news and the distributor of know ledge. It wouldnt be much fun writing up schoolwork on a flat sheet of stone. 1993 Dictation transcript Package holidays, covering a two-weeks stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is
9、up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your de stination. Everything is laid on for you. There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves. You make friends and have a good time. But theres very little chance that you w ill get to know the local people. Thi
10、s is even less likely on a coach tour when you spend almost your entire time traveling. Of course there are carefully scheduled stops for you to visit historic buildings and m onuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short. There is also the added disadvan
11、tage of having to spend your holiday with a group of people you have never met before. 1994 Dictation transcript The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children and some other relatives ,
12、such as grand parents living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family, consisting of only p
13、arents and children, has therefore become far more widespread. Todays family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With divorce rates nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes, a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur w hen divorce
14、d men or women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples, while one in five Americans lives alone. 1995 Dictation transcript Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the ear
15、th. The most popular one is that they may contain visitors from other planets. To fly such an aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation, because they seem to fly much faster than a normal aircraft. The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists from other planets who are s
16、tudying life on earth. It is even believed that several such aircrafts may have landed on earth, and the space visitors may be living amongst us. But there are also less fantastic explanations available. A lthough some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, mos t can be explained quite easily.
17、In many cases, the observers might have made a mistake. They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground, reflected onto the clouds. However, the exact cause of many sightings still remains a mystery. 1996 Dictation transcri
18、pt The Medicine Man Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illnesses and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the super-natural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So, when people
19、 were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured because they thought tha t the spirits were helping them. But really those people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The med
20、icine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illnesses. A lot of m odern medicines are made from plants that were used by medicine men hundreds of years ago. 1997 Dictation transcript Legal Age for Marriage Throughout the United S tates, the le
21、gal age for marriage shows some difference s. The most common age without parents consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who are underage in their home state can get married in another state and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage lic
22、ense . Both residents and nonresidents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be
23、 religious. In most states, a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days, depending on the state. A three -day wait is the most common. In some states, there is no required waiting period. 1998 Dictation transcript The Railways in Britain The succes
24、s of early railways such as the lines between big cities, led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. Between 1835 and 1865 about 25,000 kilometers of track were built, and over 100 railway companies were created. Railway travel transformed peoples lives. Trains were first design
25、ed to carry goods. Howeve r, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheep tra in a day, which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. Cheap day-excursion trains became popular and seaside r
26、esorts grew rapidly. The railways also provided thousands of new jobs: building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. Railways even changed the time. The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished, and clocks showed the same time all over the country. 19
27、99 Dictation transcript United Nations Day The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. It is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the w orld, schools have special progr
28、ams for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. S ome libraries exhibit childrens art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries, or give parties where foods of othe
29、r countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better underst
30、anding and appreciation of peoples all over the world. 2000 Dictation transcript What We Know About Language？ Many things about language are a mystery and w ill remain so. H owever, we now do know something about it. F irst we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race an
31、ywhere on earth is so backward tha t it has no language of its own a t all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people w hose cultures are undeveloped, but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today there ar
32、e complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. A nd finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which rema
33、ins unchanged is nothing but dead. 2001 Dictation transcript Characteristics of A Good Reader To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. O f course, he doesnt read every piece of material at the same rate, b
34、ut whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learned to read for ideas rather than w ords one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the materi
35、a l w ith a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. F inally, the good reader has at his command several special skills which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that mo
36、st textbooks provide and skim- reading for a general survey. 2002 Dictation transcript Disappearing Forests The worlds forests are disappearing. As m uch as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some ten thousand years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the wo
37、rlds species, thus becoming the chief resource for their surviva l. Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet. As well as supporting at least half of the worlds species of plants and animals, these rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on the
38、m. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes, or for agricultura l development such as crop growing. By the 1990s, less than half of the earths origina l rain forests remained, and they continued to disappear at an alarming r
39、ate every year. As a result, the worlds forests are now facing gradual extinction. 2003 Dictation transcript Every year millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers, and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish fina lly reach thei
40、r original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has gi ven them. M onths or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water for
41、two to seven years until they too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food fish. When the adult salmon gather at the rivers, they are in the best possible condition. And nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands
42、 for markets. 2004 Dictation transcript Money M oney is accepted across the world as payment fo r goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific Islands once exchanged shells for goods. T
43、he Chinese used cloth and knives. In A frica elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Origina lly they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center so that a piece of string could keep them together.
44、This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with a solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world. 第二章 听力理解专题 一
45、、测试要求及题型 1. 测试要求 ： 2004 年 3 月最新版的高校英语专业四级考试大纲对基础阶段听力理解部分的要求是： 能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的谈话，以及中等难度（如 TOFEL 中的短文）的听力材料。能理解大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图；能听懂相当于 V OA 正常速度和 BBC新闻节目的主要内容；能辨别各种英语发音（如美国英语、英国英语、澳大利亚英语等）。考试时间约15 分钟。 2. 测试题型 ：根据 2004 年 3 月最新版的高校英语专业四级考试大纲，听力理解 部分的测试形式有了较大的变化。听力理解部分采用多项选择题，分为对话、短文和新闻三部分。 对话部分
46、由若干组对话组成，每篇短文约 200 个单词，每组对话后有若干道题，此部分共 10 题。短文部分含有若干篇短文，每篇长度约为 200 个单词，每组对话后有若干道题，此部分共 10 题。新闻部分则包括若干篇选自BBC、 VOA 节目的一些重要国际新闻报导，每篇有一至两道题目，共有 10 题。听力考试的试题数由原来的 25 道题目增加到 30 道题目，要求考生从所提供的四个选择项中选择一个最 佳答案。考试时间为 15 分钟，分值为 15 分。 听力内容选材的原则是：对话和短文部分的选材内容与日常生活和学习活动相关； VOA 和 BBC新闻部分的选材为 考生所熟悉的一般新闻报导、短评或讲话等；听力材
47、料中所出现的词汇原则上不超出大纲对四级词汇的要求。 听力理解材料的录音的语速为 120 词分钟，只念一遍，在每个问句后留有 5 秒的间隙供考生回答问题。 二、应试技巧 听力理解技巧是建立在听力理解水平基础上的，而听力理解水平是通过听力理解能力来体现的。那么如何提高考生的听力成绩呢？下面几方面会对考生有所帮助： 1. 掌握相应的英语词汇 大部分考生认为，要背完一整本的英语专业四级词书才有可能听懂听力内容。这个想法似乎很合逻辑，但其实完全是个误区。 单词是构成一切语言的基础，我们强调的不是脱离大纲的难词、偏词，而是对大纲内的词汇的熟练掌握。 只要我们能掌握一些重复出现的重要单词，就可以听懂绝大部分
48、的英语听力。对于那些难度较大的词汇，我们可以采用等重要的词汇掌握了之后，再慢慢增加难度的方法。英语听力中的词汇也是有规律可循的。比如在新闻题型中，从政治新闻到娱乐新闻都有一些经常出现的词汇。对于这些词汇，我们平时应该多积累、掌握 。除此之外，我们听英语时，有时会碰到一些特别难懂的人名及地名，遇到这样的情况时，我们可以不去管它或只猜测它的大概意思。比如俄罗斯南部某个难念的小城镇发生什么事，清楚它是俄罗斯南部的小城镇，就足够我们了解新闻内容。当然，重要的人物及地名还是应该掌握。 2. 尽快锁定大略的听力内容 如果我们注意听英语专业四级听力题，我们会发现听力题中往往会给出我们一定的提示。在对话和短文
49、这两类题型中，通常第一句话或一些关键词会帮助我们锁定大略的听力内容。而在新闻题型中则经常会在报导某条新闻前提到一些类似“ And now in sports ” (现在进入体育新闻 )，或“ Turning to the Middle East ” (转向中东地区 .)或“ In U.S. election race news ” (有关美国选举新 闻 )等话语。这样的话语一方面能够使不同类型新闻的转换变得自然些，另一方面也给我们听懂其内容提供了线索。如果我们能将所知道的背景知识与所听到的内容结合起来，答题的准确率自然会提高。当然，不是所有的听力内容前都给你这样的提示。要是没有，自己也得赶快锁定所听试题的内容及方向，这样一来可以达到事半功倍的效果。 3. 多听正常速度播报的各种听力材料 经常有考生抱怨，有的听力播报速度快得让他们听不太懂，听完后有一种失败感。其实，正常速度播报的内容最能锻炼我们的听力。如果考生想在考试中听力少丢分或不丢分，平时就更应该多听正常速度听力材料 , 必
