1、1高频考点赢在“虚拟语气”专题导航 近年高考英语试卷中,虚拟语气所占的测试比例越来越大,尤其是在新课标卷中,甚显凸出。纵观高考题卷,深研考查梯度,精析考查聚点,其每年考查的高频考点有三:其一,虚拟语气的基本用法;其二,各种隐含句境中的虚拟语气;其三,特殊语境结构中的虚拟语气。其中,隐含句境和特殊结构中虚拟语气的考查力度逐年增强,进一步深化了试题的考查强度。 一、常规句式中虚拟语气的表述形式 考点一:条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示的动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。虚拟条件句可以表示假设或不太可能实现的情况,也可以表示与事实完全相反的情况。虚拟条件句一般由从属连词
2、 if 来引导,其主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,动词所表示的虚拟情况分别为:现在、过去和将来。 1. 虚拟情况与现在事实相反 主句谓语动词用:would/could/should/might + 动词原形,从句谓语动词用:过去式。 【典例 1】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 年湖南卷) 2A. have hadB. had had C. haveD. had 【解析】D。考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。根据语境和主句谓语动词 would certa
3、inly go 可知,这里的情况是与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词应用过去式,主句谓语动词应用 would/could/might + 动词原形,考生再结合语境全局来综合推断,可知选 D。 【典例 2】If Mary knew Chinese, she ask me for help. A. wontB. wouldnt C. doesnt D. didnt 【解析】B。考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。首先,考生通过句意获悉:Mary 不懂汉语,其与现在所说的事实相反。其次,考生研析题干中 if 引导的条件状语从句,根据所表示的虚拟状况可推断为对现在情况的虚拟,由此可知选项 wouldnt 符合语境
4、意义及要求。 2. 虚拟情况与过去事实相反 主句谓语动词用:would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词,从句谓语动词用:had + 过去分词。 【典例 1】If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. (2012 年山东卷) A. havent madeB. wouldnt make C. didnt makeD. hadnt made 【解析】D。考查虚拟语气与过去事实相反的情况。在 If 引导的虚拟条件句中,虚拟情况与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去
5、完成时 had 3done,主句谓语动词用 would have done,结合语境来全面推断,选项 D正确。 【典例 2】We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home. (2012 年天津卷) A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered 【解析】D。考查虚拟语气与过去事实相反的情况。在 If 引导的虚拟条件句中,虚拟情况与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时 had done,主句谓语动词用 would/might/could
6、have done,结合语境来推断,只有选项 D 正确。 【典例 3】Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts. (2012 年浙江卷) A. may haveB. could have C. must have hadD. might have had 【解析】D。考查虚拟语气与过去事实相反的情况。在 If 引导的虚拟条件句中,虚拟情况与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时 had done,主句谓语动词用 might have done,结合语境来推断,只有 D 选项正确。 【典例 4】 If my car mor
7、e reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. (2012 年 陕西卷) A. wasB. had been C. should beD. would be 4【解析】B。考查虚拟语气与过去事实相反的情况。根据 last summer 和主句谓语动词 would have driven 可知,这里的情况是与过去事实相反,结合语境来推断,B 选项正确。 【典例 5】If I your unit address, I would have visited you. A. have knownB. wil
8、l have know C. had knownD. had known 【解析】D。考查虚拟语气与过去事实相反的情况。题干中 if 引导的条件状语从句,所表示的虚拟状况可推断为对过去情况的虚拟,由此可知,选项 had known 符合语境意义及要求,故 D 项正确。 3.虚拟情况与将来事实可能相反 主句谓语动词用:would/could/should/might + 动词原形,从句谓语动词用:动词的过去式; should+动词原形; were to+动词原形。 【典例 1】Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if
9、she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012 年安徽卷) A. livesB. would live C. has livedD. were to leave 【解析】D。考查虚拟语气与将来事实相反的情况。考生根据主句she wouldnt be able to的语境来全面推断,该句空白处只有选 D项正确。 【典例 2】If it tomorrow, we would have to stay at home. A. was to snowB. will snow 5C. were to snowD. s
10、nows 【解析】C。考查虚拟语气与将来事实相反的情况。题干中 if 引导的条件状语从句,根据所表示的虚拟状况可推断为对将来情况的虚拟,由此可知,选 C 项符合语境意义及要求。 温馨提示 1. 在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有 were, had 或 should,可以把 if 省掉,而把上述这几个词置于从句主语之前,构成倒装结构。 【典例】 ,our crops would be saved. A. Should it rainB. Will it rain C. It should rainD. Would it rain 【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。根据 our crops wo
11、uld be saved 的结构分析,设空处为 if 引导的虚拟条件句,从句中 if 被省略,构成倒装结构。由此推断,选项 Should it rain 符合语境意义及要求。 2. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,在英语中通常称为“错综时间条件句” 。其主从句谓语动词的形式则要根据其所表示的时间做出相应的调整以对应其所表示的动作行为。 【典例】If we earlier, we would catch the first train. A. have startedB. had started C. startedD. start 【解析】B。考查错综时间条件句的
12、用法。针对题干中主句 we would catch the first train 的结构分析,其表示现在的情况,而设空处为if 引导的虚拟条件句,应为表示对过去情况的一种假设,况且,二者谓6语动词所表示的时间不一致,由此推断,该句应用各自所表示的时间来加以表述,经过综合分析,只有选项 had started 符合语境意义及要求。考点二:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1. 主语从句 主语从句中的虚拟语气通常用于下列句式结构中: It + be + 形容词 + that(should)do句型中,常见的形容词有:important, right, wrong, necessary, good, bet
13、ter, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, unthinkable 等。【典例】Its natural that the boy this way in the street. A. will walkB. shall walk C. walksD. walk 【解析】D。考查主语从句中虚拟语气的用法。针对题干中 Its natural that的结构分析,其为主语从句,而设空处为 that 引导从句的谓语动词因受 natural 一词的影响,应用虚拟语气“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表示,故 D 项正确。 It + be + 过
14、去分词 + that(should)do句型中,常见的过去分词有:proposed, requested, ordered, desired, decided, suggested 等。 【典例】It is suggested that our sports meeting because of the bad weather. 7A. should put off B. puts off C. should be put off D. would be put off 【解析】C。考查主语从句中虚拟语气的用法。句意:由于天气不好,人们建议推延运动会。根据题干中 It is suggested
15、 that的结构分析,其为主语从句,而设空处为 that 引导从句的谓语动词因受 is suggested的影响,应用虚拟语气“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表示,故 C 项正确。 It + be + a pity/ no wonder + that (should)do 句型中,动词应用虚拟语气。 【典例】It is a pity that you the game. A. will loseB. would lose C. loseD. lost 【解析】C。考查主语从句中虚拟语气的用法。句意:你输了这场比赛,很遗憾哦。由 It is a pity that可知,其为主语从句,而设空
16、处为 that 引导从句的谓语动词因受 a pity 一词的影响,应用虚拟语气“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表示,故 C 项正确。 2. 宾语从句 宾语从句中的虚拟语气通常用于下列两种情况中: 主句谓语动词 wish 后的宾语从句中。 在 wish 后的宾语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可8能实现的愿望,其从句谓语动词的表述形式为:用过去时,表示与现在愿望相反;用过去完成时或 could + have + done 形式,表示与过去愿望相反;用 could/would/might + 动词原形结构,表示与将来愿望可能相反。 【典例】How I wish it very co
17、ld now! A. be notB. isnt C. wasntD. werent 【解析】D。考查宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。根据题干中 I wish的结构分析,其为宾语从句,而设空处从句的谓语动词因受 wish 和 now两词的制约,应用“动词过去式”来表示,由此推断,be 动词用 were 形式来表示虚拟语气,故 D 项正确。 主句谓语动词 decide, advise, direct, demand, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, suggest, request 等后,表示要求、命令、建议、劝告等意义后的宾语从句,从句谓语动词用“sh
18、ould+动词原形或动词原形”来表示。 【典例】Our head teacher suggests that we clean the blackboard before class. A. shouldB. shall C. wouldD. might 【解析】A。考查宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。根据题干中 Our head teacher suggests的结构分析,其后为宾语从句,而设空处从句的谓语动词因受 suggest 的制约,应用“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表9示,故 A 项正确。 3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 表语从句和同位语从句用于表示劝告、要求、命令、坚持、
19、建议、主张、决定等意义的动词所对应的名词有:advice, demand, order, insistence, desire, requirement, request, proposal, suggestion, command, decision 等构成的两类从句中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表示虚拟语气的表述形式。 【典例】We made a decision that wehim with the project. A. must helpB. might help C. should to helpD. should help 【解析】D。考查同位语从
20、句中虚拟语气的用法。根据题干中 We made a decision的结构分析,其后为同位语从句,而设空处从句的谓语动词因受 decision 的牵制,应用“should+动词原形或动词原形”来表示,故 D 项正确。 二、特定句式中虚拟语气的表述方式 热点一:在 It is (high/about) time that句型中应用虚拟语气 在 It is (high/about) time that句型中,从句的谓语动词一般用“过去式或 should+动词原形”来表示虚拟语气,但 should 不能被省略。 【典例 1】Jack is a great talker. Its high time
21、that he something instead of just talking. (2012 年辽宁卷) 10A. will doB. has done C. doD. did 【解析】D。考查特定句境中虚拟语气的用法。在句型 It is (high/about/very) time that中从句的谓语动词一般用“过去式或should+动词原形”来表示虚拟语气,故 D 项正确。 【典例 2】Its high time we to work now. A. will goB. can to go C. wentD. go 【解析】C。考查特定句境中虚拟语气的用法。根据题干中 Its hig
22、h time的结构分析,其设空处应用“过去式或 should+动词原形”来表述虚拟语气,由此推断,只有选项 went 才符合语境意义及要求,故C 项正确。 热点二:在 as if/though, even if/though 引导的从句中应用虚拟语气 在 as if/though, even if/though从句中,动词应用虚拟语气,其形式的判断要通过与主句动词的比较而定。 【典例 1】Dont handle the vase as if itmade of steel. (2012 年北京卷) A. isB. were C. has beenD. had been 【解析】B。考查特定句境中虚拟语气的用法。根据题干可知, as if 从句中的虚拟形式应与现在事实相反,故从句谓语动词应用“过去式”