1、 （ 2011 届）题 目 模糊限制语视角下的女性话语特征分析 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 班 级 英 语 071 学 号 200736635122 学生姓名 夏菁菁 指导教师 周红 完成日期 2011.5.18 教 务 处 制二 o 一 一年 五 月 十 八 日Analysis of Characteristics of Female Utterance from the Prospective of HedgesA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the B.A. Degree in Eng
2、lish Language and LiteratureByXia Jing-jingSupervisor: Zhou HongAcademic Title: ProfessorCollege of Foreign LanguagesJiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, P.R.C.May 18, 2011诚 信 声 明我声明，所呈交的论文(设计)是本人在老师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我查证，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文(设计)中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。我承
3、诺，论文(设计)中的所有内容均真实、可信。论文(设计) 作者签名： 签名日期： 年 月 日授 权 声 明学校有权保留送交论文（设计）的原件，允许论文（设计）被查阅和借阅，学校可以公布论文（设计）的全部或部分内容，可以影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文（设计），学校必须严格按照授权对论文(设计)进行处理，不得超越授权对论文（设计）进行任意处置。论文(设计) 作者签名： 签名日期： 年 月 日嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）I 摘 要作为模糊语言家族的一个组成部分，模糊限制语是其中最普遍、最典型的、最具研究价值的语言现象。研究表明，与男性相比，女性更倾向于高频率地使用模糊限制语，因此，模糊限制语已成为
4、女性话语的一个重要特征。本文首先以 2009 年，2010 年奥斯卡奖项以及 2010 年 MTV 这三场国际性影视颁奖典礼上女性获奖感言为语料，着重分析获奖感言中女性使用模糊限制语的原因：生理因素，心理因素，言语话题需要，工作性质，探究模糊限制语在女性话语中的语用功能，合理地使用模糊限制语可以使得会话更加精确，同时展示说话人的礼貌，保护自我，展示自我，使读者了解到模糊限制语在女性话语中发挥着不可忽视的意义。关键词：模糊限制语; 女性话语; 原因; 语用功能嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）IIAbstractAs a part of the fuzzy language, hedges are
5、the most common, typical, and of most worthy researching in all of the language phenomena. It shows that female, compared with male, tend to make use of hedges frequently. Therefore, hedges have become a distinguishing feature in the female utterance. Based on the females speech on several award pre
6、sentation ceremonies of international film and television circles, this thesis emphatically looks into the factors of hedges in the female utterance, namely physiological factor, psychological factor, the factor of utterance topic, and the factor of working environment, analyzes the pragmatic functi
7、ons of hedges in the female utterance .The appropriate use of hedge in female utterance is able to achieve the relative precision of communication, show courtesy, protect herself and present herself, which makes readers aware of the hedges greater influence in the female utterance.Key Words: hedges;
8、 female utterance; factors; pragmatic functions嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）IIIContents1. Introduction.12. Hedges.22.1 The Definition of Hedges22.2 The Classification of Hedges.22.3 The Structure of Hedges.33. Analysis of Material .44. The Factors for Hedges Used Frequently in Female Utterance.54.1 Physiological
9、Factor.64.2 Psychological Factor.64.3 The Factor of Utterance Topic .74.4 The Factor of Working Environment85. The Pragmatic Functions of Hedges.95.1 The Relative Precision of Communication.95.2 Showing Courtesy.105.3 Self-protection like some suffixes ish, -likely, -ly , once they are added to word
10、s, these words may become hedges; some words indicate speakers hesitation or uncertainty, acting as adverbials of manner or adverbials of degree; when someone expresses oneself, he /she makes use of sentence structure in order to show more polite. Kasper (1981) regarded hedges as downgrader: face ma
11、rker, such as “please”, “could”; understater, like “a little”; subjectivizer,like “im afraid”; downtoner, such as “probably” , “maybe”; cajoler, like “you know”; appealer, like “right”; hesitation marker, like “well”; limiter, like “this weekend”. In our country, according to He Zirans research, hed
12、ges consist of approximations and shields. From the board semantic characters, Chen Linhua (1994) divides hedges into five types: degree, range, quality, quantity and manner. Semantic hedges and pragmatic hedges under the degree of hedges depending on contexts make 嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）3up of hedges propo
13、sed by Gao Xiaofang and Zhang Qin. Whats more, Zhao Yinglin classifies hedges of science and technology language into three parts: accuracy-oriented hedges, author-oriented hedges and reader-oriented hedges in accordance with hedges functions and restrictive range.However, so far the most influentia
14、l and widely recognized one is proposed by E. F. Prince and his colleagues, J. Frader and C. Bosk from the point of pragmatics. AdaptorsApproximators RoundersHedges Plausibility shieldsShields Attribution shields2.3 The structure of hedgesApproximators can alter the original meaning of discourse str
15、ucture, or make some changes of the original words to some extend based on the practical situation, or give a fluctuating range to the original words. Adaptors are those that can reveal the true extent of differences in discourse, while rounders are those that limit fluctuating range. On the contrar
16、y, shields dont change the original meaning of discourse structure. It is just addition of an explanation which makes original affirmative tone towards relaxation. Plausibility are those speakers pluzz or doubt the theme, while shields shows speakers uncertainty of the theme, but it borrows the third persons opinion in order to express oneself indirectly.
