1、牛津高中英语模块一（第 1讲）【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一 Unit 1 （上）二、教学要求：1掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会描述校园生活和学校设施。High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12 个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each
2、 room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。3学习阅读技巧：skimming例如 exciting news, sleeping dog; 过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到.的” 、 “被.的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends abo
3、ut 3.30 p.m.我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午 9 点开始上课，下午 3 点半左右放学。Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校 8 点钟上课。as adv.同样地, 被看作, 象prep.当做conj.与.一样, 当.之时, 象, 因为本单元多次出现 as, 用法各不相同 ,应注意比较。另外 as
4、还可以构成一些常用词组：as if 就好像, as far as 就. 而言, so as to 以便于, as for 至于, such as 例如，等等。mean: 意味着, 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.5. He also told us that the best way to earn
5、respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。The best way to do sth is to.结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是 ., 例如:The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was
6、 a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。As.as, 中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分 , 请比较下面两句话:You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).Used to 过
7、去常常, 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).Used to 的否定形式是 usednt to/ didnt use to注意：be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于.7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。 fun 是名词,有趣的事情, 副词 really 并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的
8、be 动词 was试比较: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.这两句意思虽然相同, 但 really 修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。Do、did 在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
9、完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。介词 upon/ on 加 doing 相当于带 as soon as 的时间状语从句。Upon finishing his studyAs soon as he finished his study 10. Former student return from China 一位校友重中国归来former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但 侧重点不同。 former：“过去曾经是.的、 前任.”, past: “过去的” old“老的、从前的” 。例如: former president 前总统，past experience以往的经验，my old
10、school 我的母校。11. earn, achieve 和 gain这三个单词的基本意思都是“get”但含义不尽相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（挣，得到作为工作的回报）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通过努力达到某个目标), gain 和“get”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配:earn money/ a living/ ones respect/ ones bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain
11、 experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上风)/ ground(取得进步).【语法】定语从句(1)用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作 a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair 或 a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/
12、as 或关系副词 when/ where/ why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句： 1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who 指代主句中的先行词 person,在从句中作主 语)2.Tom is the only friend whom(或 who) I can rely on. (指代 friend，在从句中作宾 语, 所以常用代词who 的宾格形式).3.China is no longer the weak nation that
13、she used to be. (关系代词 that 指代 weak nation，在从句中作表语)4.The school whose floor space is very limited cant take in one more student. (关系代词 whose 指代 the schools ，从句中作 floor space 的定语)5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词 where 指代主句中的地点状语 gym 在从句中作状语 )【阅读技巧】S
14、kimming 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是 beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词 that 来指代。2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your fathers bookcases instead.除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“might be reading”， “will be reading”属于“情态动词be+doi
15、ng” 的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework.等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是.” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思， “instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：1） We didnt go home after school. We we
16、nt to a net caf instead. Instead of going home after school, we went to a net caf.2) Students in UK dont have lots of home work. They have many school activities.Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
17、规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.相当于：If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时 ), you will make better decision（主句用将来时） . 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。 “The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+ 另一个比较级（ adj/adv）或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越就越.” 。5. Your teacher
18、 has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语 e-mail 的内容。6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号ISSN （ International Standard Serial Number）国际标准期刊编号7make 常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶
19、、冲咖啡 , make friends 交朋友 , make mistakes 犯错误, make trouble 惹麻烦, make a suggestion 提建议, make a fire 生火, make faces 做鬼脸, make a decision 做决定, make comparasions 作比较, make a living 谋生, make money 挣钱 , make a request提要求, make an application 申请。【写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把
20、事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。 例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写 Notice 或 NOTICE（通知） ，发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICE All mumbers of the studentsunion are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of internatio
21、nal culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band. Sept.14, 2005 海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will recei
22、ve a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery. Mail you poster to:Stay Alert . Stay SafeP.O. Box 93006,499 Main St. S.Brampton, OntarioL6Y 1N0【语法】定语从句(2)1定语从句中关系代词 that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom 和 that 用来指代人，whose 用来表示所属关系，关系副词 when、where 和 why 指代时间、地点和原因。2关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anythin
23、g, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词，关系代词一般只用 that，不用 which。例如：All that I have is my love for this land.There isnt much that we can do to ease his pain.(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which。例如：The last person that we want to i
24、nvite to our house is Uncle Sam.No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词 that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部
25、分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似。例如：She failed in her attempt to catch the princes attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用 which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用 who。(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用 that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture a
26、re very lovely.(7) 如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或 whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?(8)关系代词 that/which/who/whom 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.Every moment(that) we spent in
27、the UK will be a precious memory for us.As 在定语从句中的用法一. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）as 多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于 which。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词 when 在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why 充当原因状语。例
28、如：We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.2. that 有时也可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why 引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，这种定语从句中的 that 也可以省去。例如：That is the time(that) he arrives.That is the reason (that
29、) he came.【同步练习】一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：1. His parents wouldnt let him play with anyone _ scores was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that 3. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she coul
30、d get help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 4. The day _ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.A. when B. where C. that D. who 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when 6This mo
31、nument is all _ remains of the ancient kingdom.A. it B. that C. when D. which 7He mentioned a book the tile of _ I cant remember now.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A. which price C. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose9._
32、has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same11. On the wall hangs a picture, _ color is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its12.I still r
33、emember the time _ I first became a college student.A. what B. which C. that D. when13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man_ he was ten years ago.A. that B. where C. which D. there14. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose15.I dont like _ you speak to her.
