第一讲_英语句子结构分析.doc

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1、华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 1第一讲 英语句子结构分析句子的划分I. 根据结构划分: 简单句S+V(主+谓)S+V+P(主+ 谓+表)S+V+O(主+ 谓+宾)S+V+o+O(主+ 谓+间宾+ 直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+ 宾+宾补)并列句 and, but, or复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)副词从句(状语从句)形容词从句(定语从句)II. 根据功能划分: 陈述句教学重点:1:掌握五种基本句型2:了解除 Be 以外的其他四种系动词。3:了解接 TO 和 FOR 的双宾语的动词有哪些。4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 2疑问句(一般疑问

2、句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)祈使句感叹句III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇短语从句一陈述句(五种句型)1. I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。2. Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。3. I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5. We can call internet addicts a

3、webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 3主语 谓语动词五种句型I am a webaholic表语Chatting on the internetis Interesting表语1.主+谓 +表Internet dating hurts 2.主+谓I like Chatting online宾语3.主+谓 +宾Chatting on the internetbrings me间接宾语a lot of fun直接宾语4.主+谓 +间宾+直宾We can call Internet addicts宾语a webaholic宾语补足语5.主+谓 +宾语+

4、宾补I. 常用作连系动词: 变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口诀:好是 come,坏是 go;天气、外貌慢慢 grow; 流水、金钱缓缓 run;颜色、天气大不同 turn;Get become 口语化,如果要说就用它.口诀解读:Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。如:Its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊了。Grow 表示逐渐变化,强

5、调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run 与 grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。Turn 多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 4如:The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了,花开了。Getbec

6、ome 在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become 相对正式些,其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。系词 be 它有三,am is are ,我(I)用 am,you(你)用 are,is 用于他她它;单数 is,复数 are,认真做题不出差。(否句 be 后 not 加,疑问句,be 句首,句尾?不要丢。) 保持某种状态:Continue, keep, li

7、e, remain, stand, stay. 看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem. 感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.II. 代双宾语的动词“七给”一“带”to 不少,“买”画“制作”for 来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这 11 个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 51、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8 个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面

8、加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,orde

9、r(订购),reach 等。3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语 for 和 to 于直接宾语之后如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我4、 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. 我问约翰I asked a question. 我问了一个问题I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce 等动词后必须跟介词 to,不能

10、进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?6、 易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误)正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的还有:cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 从-中除去(不好的东西)华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 6supply sb with sth 供给某人某物provide sb with sth

11、 给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况charge sb with sth 指责某人某事二疑问句1.一般疑问句Is this seat taken?Yes, it is/ No, it isnt.需要用 yes 或 no 来回答。语序一般为:助动词+主语+ 谓语?Practice:Have you been there?_Didnt you tell him about i

12、t yesterday?_2.特殊疑问句你什么时候开始学英语?When You began to study English.华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 7 Did you begin to study English?when did you begin to study English?你在想什么?WhatSomething is in your mind.Whats in your mind? 小结:用 who, what, where, which, when, why, how 提问。语序:疑问词+一般疑问句 或 疑问词+ 谓语动词。More Practice:What t

13、ime is convenient for you?你什么时候方便?Whats going on here?发生了什么事?/ 回事?3. 选择疑问句:Do you like tea or(do you like)coffee?Did you speak to them, or did the manager?Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?1. 提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。2. 不用 Yes 或 no 来回答。3. 反意疑问句1. 附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。2. 一般

14、来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 8句否定,则所附问句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?Boy: No Daddy.You have completed that job, havent you?You have not completed that job, have you?三祈使句:1. 用以表示请求,命

15、令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。2. 主语 You 常省略,只以动词原形开头。3. 一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets hope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.四感叹句:1. 主要由 what 和 how 来引导。2. What 结构主要有三种华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 9A What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数

16、+谓语部分!What a lovely boy he is!B. What + 形容词+ 不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!What foolish mistakes you have made.What nice weather (it is)!C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数!3. How 结构主要有三种:A. How+形容词/副词 +主谓部分How lovely the boy is!How fast the time flies!B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+ 主谓部分How lovely a boy he is!C. How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)

17、How I hate exam! 我真烦考试!How he snores! 他鼾声如雷!(二) practice 1.分析下文划线句子的成分Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “Ill bet you $ 100 that I can bite my left eye.” The wager(赌注) was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and bit it.华杰 MBA:语法专题By: 陈俊霞 10“Now,” he said

18、, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. Ill bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he cant have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money.Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。Time flies by.Im

19、 on a diet.I own you one.It slipped my mind.Old habits die hard.I enjoy your company.I cant stand the heat.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.He speaks English well.Teachers will make your English better.They found the dead boy.They found the boy dead.I found the book easily.I found the book easy.Tom found Jim an apartment.

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