1、Characteristics of Solid-state Fermented Feed and its Effect on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing-finishing Pigs,固态发酵饲料特性及其对育肥猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响,ByJiankun Hu, Wenqing Lu, Chunlin Wang, Ronghua Zhu and Jiayun QiaoFrom:Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.Vol. 21, No.11:16351641 November 2008 2013.1.24,c
2、oncents,Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion,Page 1,Introduction,Page 2,1) Antibiotic growth promoters Total ban in European Union,2) Fermented raw materials Eliminating anti-nutritional factors; Improving nutrient digestibility; Enriching the quality of protein The f
3、ermentation end products can be incorporatedinto diets as feed ingredients,Introduction,Page 3,3) Fermented liquid feed (FLF) newborn piglets Coliforms (feces) Lactic acid bacteria (feces) growing pigs enterobacteriaceae lactic acid bacteria ( stomach ),The high concentrations of organic acids in th
4、e FLF are believed to be responsible for the reduction in pathogens,Introduction,Page 4,4) Solid-state fermentation feed(SFF) little literature may have potential to be efficient in promoting animal health and growth; present study (1) to investigate the nutritional and microbial characteristics of
5、SFF during the fermentation process; (2) to determine the effects of SFF on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs when fed in the absence of antibiotics.,experimentdesign,Chemical analysis,Determine the fermentation effect,Microbiological counts,Animal feeding trial,Collec
6、te samples,Manufacture of SFF,SSF + basal diet,antibiotics + basal diet,Daily gain,Daily intake,total fecal collection,Chemical analysis,Feed conversion,nutrient digestibility,Materials and Methods,Page 5,1) Manufacture of SSF 2) Microbiological counts of SFF3) Chemical analysis of SFF samples 4) An
7、imal feeding trial5) Chemical analysis of feed and feces6) Statistical analysis,1) Manufacture of SFF,Page 6, prepare of liquid culture A mixed liquid bacterial culture, containing: Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 5.03 log cfu/ml (发酵乳杆菌) Saccharomyces cerevisae Yeastand 5.74 log cfu/ml (酿酒酵母) Bacillus s
8、ubtilis Bacillus 5.45 log cfu/ml (枯草芽孢杆菌),1) Manufacture of SFF,Page 7, prepare of substrate,1) Manufacture of SFF,Page 8, Mix substrate :liquid culture =10:3 (w/v). Package The mixture was packaged in multi-layer, polythene bags(多层式聚乙烯包装袋) ; 25 kg per bag; the bag equipped a one-way valve(单向阀 ) to
9、allow release of CO2 produced during fermentation,1) Manufacture of SFF,Page 9, Fermente Fermentation was performed in bags ； temperature ： 255 Collecte samples day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30,2)Microbiological counts of SFF,Page 10,Ten-fold dilutions of the SSF feed samples,3)Chemical analy
10、sis of SFF samples,Page 11,4)Animal feeding trial,Page 12, Experimental animal grouping 20 crossbred barrows (DYL) initial body weight = 14.11kg The experimental diets Control group :basal diet +antibiotics SFF group : basal diet +SFF basal diet: corn-soybean meal-based control diet Husbandry manage
11、ment,Control group SFF group,The trial was conducted in three phases,4)Animal feeding trial,Page 14,pigpen: stainless steel metabolism crates equipped with a plastic-coated, totally slatted floor phase: 0.5 m 1.1 m Phaseand phase : 0.6 m 1.4 m Pigs were fed twice daily until full fresh water was ava
12、ilable all the times One weak pig in both groups was removed from the experiment during the phase.,5)Chemical analysis of feed and feces,Page 15, The dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in diets or feces were determined according to AOAC(1990) Gross energy feces was measured by an adia
13、batic bomb calorimeter (Model 1281, Parr, Moline, IL) Lysine in feed samples was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography,6)Statistical analysis,Page 16, Data relating to microbial counts and chemical analysis of solid-state fermented feed were calculated using Microsoft Office Excel (20
14、03) Data for nutrient digestibility and performance were analyzed using ANOVA of SAS (SAS Institute, 1996),RESULTS and DISCUSSION,Page 17,Microbial characteristics of SFF during fermentation 2) Chemical analysis of SFF3) Pig performance and nutrient digestibility,1) Microbial characteristics of SFF,
15、Page 18,LAB (), yeasts (), bacillus () and enterobacteria (),detectable level,1) Microbial characteristics of SFF,Page 19, Feed fermentation has been divided into two phases (Canibe),1) Microbial characteristics of SFF,Page 20, The final counts of lactic acid bacteria,1) Microbial characteristics of
16、 SFF,Page 21, yeast :lactic acid bacteria = 1:100 the same ratio was summarized by Corsetti and Settanni (2007) in their review on sourdough fermentation.,1) Microbial characteristics of SFF,Page 22, The final counts of bacillus = 5.4 log cfu/g,lactobacilli counts :significant increase E. coli count
17、s :numerical decrease So the level of bacillus in the SFF used in the present trial should have been sufficient to produce positive effects on pig health.,5.3log cfu/g (Feces),2) Chemical analysis of SFF,Page 23,Nutritional characteristics of SFF during fermentationSCFA and lactic acid concentration
18、 during fermentation, Nutritional characteristics of SFF, SCFA and lactic acid concentration,ND:Not detected,2) Chemical analysis of SFF,Page 26,PS: Lactic acid fermentation,Homofermentation（同型发酵）C6H12O6 2 CH3-CHOH-COOHHeterofermentation（异型发酵）PK：C6H12O6 CH3-CHOH-COOH+CH3-CH2OH+CO2HK：2C6H12O6 2CH3-CH
19、OH-COOH+3CH3COOH,eg:Lactobacillus fermentum,3) Pig performance and nutrient digestibility,Page 27, Effects of SFF on performance of growing-finishing pigs Effects of SFF on nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs, Effects of SFF on performance of growing-finishing pigs,Effects of SFF on nut
20、rient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs,Conclusion,Page 30,1) SSF resulted in high counts of LBA and low counts of enterobacteria of substrate. 2) Feeding a diet containing SFF, free of antibiotics,can result in similar performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs as a regular diet with antibiotics. 3) SFF is a potential alternative to antibiotic inclusion in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs.,Thank you !敬请各位老师和同学批评指正！,
