初中英语介词的使用口诀表.doc

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1、初中英语介词的使用口诀表 1初中英语介词的使用口诀表以下是一些介词的使用口诀,希望对大家有用:上午、晚要用 in,at 黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态 in.以后,小处 at 大处 in。 有形 with 无形 by,语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用 in。 介词 at 和 to 表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日 on,关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和“一就“ ,on 后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of 之前 on

2、 代 in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab ,carriage 则用 in。at 山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随 with,具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by,单数、人类 know to man。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next 、last 、one 。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under 正上下,above、 below 则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond 超出、无、不能, against 靠着,对与反。besides ,except

3、 分内外,among 之内 along 沿。同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间。原状 because of,、 owing to、 due to 表语形容词under 后接修、建中, of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一点, ago 、later 表一段。before 能接完成时,ago 过去极有限。since 以来 during 间,since 时态多变换。与之相比 beside,除了 last but one。复不定 for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向 towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词

4、待后言。ing 型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全。in 内 to 外,表位置,山、水、国界 to 在前。 1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于

5、 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:初中英语介词的使用口诀表 2(1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:at my sisters 在我姐姐家 at the doctors 在医务室(2

6、) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:Whats in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如:The meeting was held at in the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时) 。如:Our plane refuelled

7、at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:Whats on the table? 桌上有什么?Theres a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the stre

8、et (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美 ) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed / on the bed 在床上(from )in the tree (多指树外之物 ) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上英语基础语法 介词1. 介词的定义介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词

9、与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子,短语或从句。2. 介词的种类(1)简单介词,如 at, in off, on, by, to, with 等。(2)合成介词,如 into, inside, within, throughout 等。(3)短语介词,如 according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of 等。(4)二重介词,如 from behind, from among, until after, at about 等。3

10、. 介词的宾语(1)名词:Lets go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。初中英语介词的使用口诀表 3(2)代词:Hes standing in front of me.我站在我前面。(3)形容词:Her pronunciation is far from prefect.她的语音远不是完美的。注:有的形容词前可看作是省略了 being。(4)动名词:Hes good at drawing. 他善长绘画。 (5)过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。注:过去分词作介词宾

11、语只限于 takefor granted 结构和用于 regardas 后。(6)不定式:I had no choice but to lie down.除了躺下外我别无选择。She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。注:介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的,只有表示“除外” 的 but, except 等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词 do 时,不定式不用 to,否则要带 to。 (7)疑问词+不定式:I dont know how to improve my English. 我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。(8)副词:I didnt know it until rec

12、ently. 直到最近我才知道此事。(9)数词:He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的。(10)介词短语:She wont go home until after the exam.她要考完试之后再回家。(11)从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话(from )。Im worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。I have doubts about whether(不用 if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。He has no

13、special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外 ,没有什么特别的毛病。注:除 except that, in that 等后可接 that 从句外,通常只接连接代词、连接副词及 whether 引导的从句,也不接 if 引导的从句。4. 介词短语的作用介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,其用法如下:(1)作定语:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。注:介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。(2)作状语:Can you say it in English?这个你会用英语说吗?(3)作表语:

14、Hes in the office.他在办公室。(4)作补语:I always find her at her studies.我经常发现她在学习。(5)作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。关于介词的宾语介词的宾语通常是名词或代词,若需动词作宾语,则通常用动名词形式。但是以下几种情况比较特殊,考生需注意:1. 表示“除了” 的介词 but, except 后接动词作宾语,通常用不定式;若其前有 do,则不定式不带 to,若其前没有 do,则不定式通常带 to。如:He wanted nothing but to stay there

15、. 他只是想留在那里。Ive done everything you wanted except cook the meals. 你要我干的事我全干了,只是还没做饭。2. 介词可接 what 从句作宾语,但通常不接 that 从句作宾语,遇此情况,应先在介词后加上 the fact。如:No one paid attention to what he said. 没人注意他说的话。No one paid attention to the fact that he was poor. 没人注意他很穷。注:表示“除了”的 except 后可接 that 从句。如(from ):初中英语介词的使用口

16、诀表 4He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 他除了抽烟太多之外 ,没有什么特别的毛病。3. 在某些特殊结构中,形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等可用作介词宾语。如:Its too hot in here. 这里面太热了。The cat jumped out from under the bed. 猫从床下跳出来。Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。I cant regard the matter as settled. 我不能认为这事已经解决。常用介词用法练习

17、1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest. A. after B. around C. until D. by2. They held a ceremony _ those killed in the battle. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _ at home.

18、 A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _ you lose it. A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case5. _ did the professor give you much advice? The choice of a career. A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what 6. I made co

19、at _ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine. A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with 7. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom running _ the right. A. down; and; on B. against; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the differen

20、ce _ wheat, oats and barley. A. among B. between C. from D. in 9. The young singer is quite popular _ the public. Shes made a remarkable achievement _ a girl of her age. A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10. The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them. And some birds are singing _ the

21、 trees. A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel _ everybody _ anything. A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with 12. The weather this month has been good _ . A. on the whole B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all

22、 the potatoes _ two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones. A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be completed _ a year.A. after B. for C. in D. about15. These boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, Ill give you a hand _ them. A. for B. t

23、o C. with D. by初中英语介词的使用口诀表 5答案解析1. D。从“戏剧在下午 6:40 开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于 6:30。A 项表示“下午 6:30 后到剧院”,C 项表示“在剧院呆到下午 6:30 为止” ,均不合题意。B 项干扰性最强,around 意为“ 左右,大约”, 但在 6:30 pm 后有 at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C 项 by 是 not later than(不迟于) 之意,整合题意。2. A。in honour of 意为“ 为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”;instead of 意为“ 代替; 而不是”;in f

24、avor of意为“ 赞成;支持”;by means of 意为“ 通过; 用; 借助于” 。根据句意 “他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为 A(from )。3. B。but, except 和 besides 都有“除之外”的意思,但没有” ,相当于 not including. 另外,but 后面可接不定式 to do,但如果 but 前面有实义动词 dbesides 是“ 除之外,还” 的意思,等于 in addition to; 而 except, but 是“除 之外, o 的任何形式,不定式省略 to。4. B。in any case 意为“在任何情况下”;in case

25、意为“以防万一,如果”;in no case 意为“决不” ;in that case 意为“ 如果那样的话”。句意为 “在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议? ”“择业” 。“关于的建议” 应用介词 on。6. C。by hand 意为“用手工” ;with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段,如 He hit it with a hammer. 7. B。against the wind“逆风”;on the right 意为“ 在后边”;介词 with 与一个复合结构构成短语,用作状语,说明状态、方式等。8. B。一般说来,between 用于两者之间,amo

26、ng 表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间的关系,适用于 between. 如:The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用 between. 9. C。词组 be popular with 意为“受欢迎”,for“ 就而论,比较而言” 。10. C。介词 on 意为“在之上,依附于”;in 意为“ (表场所,位置) 在之内 / 上” in the tree 译为“ 在树上” 。11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over 意为“ 和某人争论某事”。句意为“那

27、个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。初中英语介词的使用口诀表 612. A。on the whole 意为“总的来说;从总体上看”;generally speaking“一般说来”;above all 意为“ 首先,最重要的” ;on one hand 意为“一方面 ”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的” (from ) 。13. B。divideinto 和 separatefrom 都有“把分开” 的意思。但前者指 “把整体分成若干部分”,后者指“ 把连在一起的分开”。14. C。in, after 这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后” 。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去

28、时态的句子中;after 用于一般过去时,如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后,则不受时态的限制。15. C。答语中的 them 指前一句的 boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。一、介词按其构成可分为: 1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如:Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of 等。如:She is out of school. 她毕业了。3. 二重介词 from under, from beh

29、ind, from out of, until after, except in 等。如:Im from out of town. 我是从城外来的。4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。如:I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。二、介词的作用:1. 表示地点: after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。如:Near the village t

30、he boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。2. 表示时间: about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。如:After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。初中英语介词的使用口诀表 7A heavy rain has been falling across three days.

31、 一场大雨下了整整三天。The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。3. 表示动作: at, across, around, on, over, under 等。如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。4. 表示比较: as, like, above, over, with 等。如:She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in

32、contrast with English. 和英语相比,汉语难得多。5. 表示原因: about, for, from, with 等。如:Dont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。6. 表示条件: to, with, without 等。如:Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。7. 表示手段、方式: as, by, in, w

33、ith 等。如:He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。8. 表示距离、数量: from, in, within 等。如:My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。9. 表示目的: as, for 等。如:I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。Its time for clas

34、s. 到上课的时间了。初中英语介词的使用口诀表 810. 表示让步: for, with 等。如:For all his effort, he didnt succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。for 还可以引导插入语,例如:I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议1.与形容词搭配的词组有: be afraid of(怕)be angry with(生某人的气)be away from(不在某地)be differen

35、t from(与不同)be good at(善于)be good/ bad for (对有益/有害) be interested in(对感兴趣)be late for(迟到)be/get ready for(为作好准备)be sure of (对有把握) be worried about(为感到担忧)2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing 形式1) You must take good care of her. 2) Thank you for teaching us so well. 3.几组易混淆的介词A.“ 在. 之后 ”in +一段时间 (用于一般将来时)after +一段时间(用

36、于一般过去时)初中英语介词的使用口诀表 9after +一点时间(常用于一般将来时)如:The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B.for +一段时间since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态部分,我会继续向同学们讲解。C.be made of “用制成“ be made in“由某地制造”be made by somebody“由某人制成”D.in,on

37、,at 表时间in 表示“在某月 (季节、年等)”如:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组:in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等。如:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at 用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中。固定词组:at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at onc

38、e, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time。注意:在表时间里,下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow(在明天)E. except +宾格/doing somet

39、hing “除之外”(不包括本身 )Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) 初中英语介词的使用口诀表 10=Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F.“用”交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones hands G.between“在和(两者)之间”between.and., between the two. among

40、在.之间(三者或三者以上)初中英语 介词练习11 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on 2 -There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. in B. at

41、 C. on D. since 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of6 The train is starting _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at;

42、on21 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year31 Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.

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