1、Immune prophylaxis and ImmunotherapyImmunoprophylaxis I. Introduction For centuries we have known that individuals who recover from certain diseases are protected from reinfection. Ancient Chinese and Arabic writings recorded the deliberate transmission of smallpox to healthy persons by inhalation o
2、f powdered smallpox crusts from diseased persons.Goal of immunization The goal of immunization in any one individual is the prevention of disease. The goal of immunization of population is the eradication of disease. In 1980, WHO announced that smallpox has been eradicated in the world.The last know
3、n person in the world to have a natural case of smallpox. Variola minor in 23-year-old Ali Maow Maalin, Merka, Somalia CDC In 1980, WHO announced that smallpox has been eradicated in the world.Ways of acquiring specific immunityII. Essential requirements of vaccineIII. Artificial active immunization
4、 Administration of an antigen for active production of immunity. Active immunization results in the production of antibodies directed against the infecting agent or its toxic products; it may also initiate cellular immunity.Agents used in active immunization The agent used for artificial active immunization is called vaccine.1. inactivated vaccine (Dead vaccine ) Standard strain of a microbe is killed and severed as an immunogen. For example: cholera vaccineJapanese encephalitis vaccinerabies vaccinetyphoid vaccine
