1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）我国地方行政垄断的立法规制研究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 宪 法 学 与 行 政 法 学 （ 全 日 制 法 学 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 宪 法 学指 导 教 师论文提交日期2我国地方行政垄断的立法规制研究（硕士论文摘要）美国著名经济学家曼库尔奥尔森认为：生产要素的自由流动，统一大市场的形成，是一国经济社会快速发展的关键因素。然而，我国的国内市场统一程度却不容乐观。地方行政机关及法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织，为使本地区的经营者取得或者维持垄断地位，滥用行政权力，排除和限制竞争的现象时有发生。地方行政垄断行为造成了市场的人为分割，影响了各种产品、生产要素在
2、全国范围内的自由流动，严重阻碍了国内统一大市场的建立。打破地方行政垄断成为推动国内统一市场建设必须首先解决的问题。全文分为三个部分，其主要内容如下：在第一章中，本文把地方行政垄断界定为地方行政机关和法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织，为使本地区的经营者取得或维持垄断地位，以行政区划为基础，滥用行政权力，排除和限制竞争，损害市场公平竞争秩序的行为。地方行政垄断主要有九种表现形式。地方行政垄断的主体是地方行政机关和法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织，其目的与动机具有复杂性，其行为具有多样性、隐蔽性和强制性。我国地方行政垄断对我国经济与社会发展产生了严重的危害，它的产生原因是多方面的
3、，包括“狭隘”地方利益和地方政府官员个人利益的驱动、我国传统计划经济的影响、人治思想和权力本位思想的根深蒂固、地方行政垄断的立法规制不力等诸多因素。 第二章指出当前我国地方行政垄断立法规制存在的两大问题。首先， 反垄断法使“行政处分”事实上成为地方行政垄断直接责任人可能承担的主要法律责任形式，反地方行政垄断立法也缺乏关于地方行政垄断受益者法律责任的规定。其次，地方人大常委会和地方政府对规范性文件进行备案审查的制度以及行政复议制度对地方行政垄断行为的监督效力有限。另一方面，由于抽象行政行为被排除在司法审查范围之外，具体行政行为可诉性的法律依据也不明确，司法监督机制难以在规制地方行政垄断方面发挥作
4、用。笔者在第三章中，针对地方行政垄断立法规制存在的两方面问题，提出了三个建议。首先， 反垄断法应修改第 51 条第 2 款，细化关于“行政处分”3的规定，明确地方行政垄断主体的工作人员应承担刑事责任，增加关于地方行政垄断受害者民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任的内容。其次，应完善地方行政垄断的权力监督机制和行政监督机制，发挥反地方行政垄断执法机构对地方行政垄断的监督作用，明确将具体行政行为纳入行政诉讼的受案范围，并建立抽象行政行为的司法审查制度和反地方行政垄断的公益诉讼制度。再次，完善反地方行政垄断执法机构的设置。从长远看，我国的反地方行政垄断执法机构应是一元的，具有独立性、权威性和专业性，并享有较
5、广泛的职权，包括对规范性文件的监督权、行政执法权以及行政裁决权。本文的主要创新：第一、学者对行政垄断的立法规制研究较多，很少人对地方行政垄断的立法规制进行专门研究。另外学者对地方行政垄断的研究多以经济学和政治学为研究角度，很少有人从立法角度对地方行政垄断进行研究。本文探讨了地方行政垄断的概念、表现形式、特征、成因与危害等基本理论问题，并分析了我国地方行政垄断立法规制的不足，提出了相关建议。第二、本文立足于反垄断法出台后，我国地方行政垄断立法规制的现状，建议完善地方行政垄断法律责任体系、地方行政垄断监督机制以及反地方行政垄断执法机构的设置。关键词 地方行政垄断 立法规制 反垄断法1Study O
6、n Legislative regulation Of Regional Administrative Monopoly(Abstract)The American famous economist Mancur Oison claims that the keyfactor for one countrys economy and society rapid development is thefree movement of production factors and the formation of integratedmagnitude market.The integration
7、degree of china domestic market, however, is notsatisfying yet. It is not rare that local governments obviously or unclearlylock regional market and constrain competition through administrativemeasures. This kind of regional administrative monopoly arise unnaturalmarket fragments, effects the free m
8、ovement of production and factorswithin one country and thus severely handicaps the foundation ofdomestic integrated magnitude market. To break out regionaladministrative monopoly is becoming the principal question we have tosolve in order to impulse domestic integrated magnitude market.The full tex
9、t is divided into three parts, the following elements:In the first chapter, the local administrative monopoly in this article is defined as the local executive authorities and the laws and regulations authorized to manage the functions of public affairs organizations, in order to enable operators in
10、 the region to gain or maintain a monopoly to the basis of administrative divisions, the abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition and undermine fair competition in the market order.Where there are nine administrative monopoly manifestations. The main body of the local admini
11、strative monopoly is the local executive authorities and the laws and regulations mandated functions with the management of public affairs organization, its purpose and has a complexity of motives, the behavior of diversity, and mandatory hidden.Chinas local administrative monopoly on Chinas economi
12、c and social development of serious harm, and its causes are manifold, including the “narrow“ local interests and the personal interests of local government officials-driven, Chinas traditional planned economy, the impact of ideology and the rule of man power-based thinking is deeply rooted in the l
13、ocal 2administration to introduce legislation to regulate the monopoly system ineffective, and many other factors.Chapter II pointed out that the current monopoly of Chinas local administrative system to enact legislation to regulate the two major problems exist. First of all, the “anti-monopoly law
14、“ to “administrative punishment“ in fact become the direct responsibility of the local administrative monopoly may bear legal responsibility for the main form of local administration the anti-monopoly legislation is also a lack of monopoly on the local administration responsible for the beneficiarie
15、s of the provisions of the law.Secondly, the local Peoples Congress Standing Committee and local government documents on the normative system of record to review, as well as the system of administrative review of local administrative monopoly behavior limited the effectiveness of supervision. On the
16、 other hand, as a result of abstract administrative acts are excluded from the scope of judicial review, the specific administrative act may be actionable and do not have clear legal basis, judicial supervision mechanisms in the regulation of monopoly local administration to play a role.The author i
17、n Chapter III, for the local administration system to enact legislation to regulate the existence of a monopoly of the two aspects of the three proposals put forward.First of all, the “anti-monopoly law“ should be amended Article 51, paragraph 2, detailed on the “administrative punishment“ requireme
18、nt, a clear monopoly of the main local administrative staff should be held criminally liable, an increase of administrative monopoly on local victims of civil liability, administrative responsibility and criminal liability for the content. Second, the district administration should improve the super
19、vision mechanism of the power of monopolies and administrative oversight mechanisms, to play the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, local administration of local supervisory role of administrative monopoly, clear the specific administrative act will be included in the case of administrative pro
20、ceedings, and to the establishment of the executive acts of the abstract system of judicial review of administrative monopoly and anti-local system of public interest litigation.Third, improve the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, local 3administrative settings. The long run, Chinas anti-monop
21、oly law enforcement agencies, district administration should be one dollar, with the independence, authority and professionalism, and enjoy a wider range of functions, including regulatory documents on the right of supervision, administrative law enforcement power, as well as the right to an adminis
22、trative ruling .The main innovations: First, scholars of administrative monopoly system to enact legislation to research more, very few people have a monopoly on the local administrative system to enact legislation to carry out specialized studies. Another scholar of administrative monopoly of local
23、 research in economics and political science to study the point of view, very few people from the legislative point of view of administrative monopoly on local research.This paper discusses the concept of local administrative monopoly, forms, characteristics, causes and against the basic theory and
24、analysis of the local administrative monopoly in China to enact legislation to lack of system and put forward relevant proposals. Second, this article based on the “anti-monopoly law“ after the local administration in our country to enact legislation to regulate the system of monopoly status, it is
25、proposed to improve the legal responsibility of the local administrative monopoly system, the local administrative monopoly oversight mechanisms and anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, local administrative settings.Key words legislative regulation ; regional administrative monopoly; anti-monopol
26、y law1目 录导 言 .1第一章 我国地方行政垄断的基本理论 .2第一节 行政垄断与地方行政垄断 .2一、行政垄断的界定 .2二、行政垄断的类型及地方行政垄断的界定 .5第二节 我国地方行政垄断的表现形式和特征 .7一、我国地方行政垄断的表现形式 .7二、我国地方行政垄断的特征 .8第三节 我国地方行政垄断的危害 .9一、降低企业效率，扭曲地区产业结构 .9二、侵害公众合法权益，减少社会福利 .10三、易滋生腐败 .10第四节 我国地方行政垄断产生的原因 .10一、利益的驱动 .10二、计划经济体制的影响 .11三、地方行政垄断的立法规制不力 .11四、固有传统思想根深蒂固 .12第二章
27、我国地方行政垄断立法规制现状与不足 .13第一节 我国地方行政垄断立法规制的现状 .13一、宪法 .13二、法律 .13三、行政法规 .17四、部门规章 .18五、地方性法规和地方政府规章 .19第二节 我国立法对地方行政垄断规制的不足 .19一、地方行政垄断法律责任的规定不完善 .202二、地方行政垄断的监督机制不完善 .22第三章 完善我国地方行政垄断立法规制的建议 .25第一节 完善地方行政垄断法律责任体系 .26一、地方行政垄断的特殊性对法律责任设定的特殊需要 .26二、国外反行政垄断立法对我国地方行政垄断法律责任规定的启示 .27三、完善我国地方行政垄断法律责任的规定 .28第二节 完善地方行政垄断的监督机制 .29一、完善地方行政垄断的权力监督机制和行政监督机制 .30二、完善地方行政垄断的司法监督机制 .30第三节 完善反地方行政垄断执法机构的设置 .31一、反地方行政垄断执法机构设置的原则 .32二、反地方行政垄断执法机构的权限设置 .33结 语 .35参考文献 .37在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .41后 记 .42
