1、Endocrine System,Spoken English C2 3th group,Pituitary gland,crin/o- ： to secrete 分泌 endocrine 内分泌pituitar/o- 垂体 pituitarism 垂体功能障碍 hypopituitarism 垂体功能减退症,Pituitary gland,somatotropin 生长激素 midgetism 侏儒症 gigantism 巨人症lact/o- : milk prolactin(催乳素): promote breast growth, maintain lactation,Pituitary
2、gland,-tropin : stimulating the function thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素 adrenocorticotropin 促肾上腺皮质激素 gonadotropin 促性腺激素,Anatomy of the adrenal glands,The adrenal glands,The left kidney,The right kidney,The abdominal artery,The structure of the adrenal gland,rulosa zona fasccularis,The structure of the adrenal g
3、land,cortex （periphery ）皮质 1.capsule 被摸 2.zona glomerulosa 球状带 3.zona fasciculata 束状带 4.zona reticularis 网状带 medulla(center) 髓质,Adrenal hormonesadrenocorticoid Hormones（肾上腺皮质激素）：1.mineralocorticoid（盐皮质激素）2.glucocorticoid（糖皮质激素）3.sex hormone（性激素） -corticoid（肾上腺皮质类脂醇）,oids,Adrenal hormones,adrenal med
4、ullary hormone（肾上腺髓质激素）： 1.adrenaline(epinephrine)(肾上腺素） 2.noradrenaline(norepinephrine)（去甲肾上腺素） adrenal-(肾上腺的）,one-choice question,Which is not the basic structure of the adrenal cortex？ A: zona glomerulosa B: zona fasciculata C: zona reticularies D: zona ambulacralis,Truncal obesity,460.gif,Clinic
5、al Manifestations,1.Algia- arthralgia2.les- lethargy mal- malaise dys- dysfunction dysarthrosis dystrophy4.electro- electrolyte (k+ ,Na+) hypokalaemia hypernatremia,Symptoms and signs,State of glucocorticoid excess,ACTH-dependent states a. Pituitary adenoma 90-95% b. Ectopic ACTH SyndromeACTH-indepe
6、ndent states a. adrenal adenoma b. adrenal carcinomaExogenous Sources Glucocorticoid intakePsychiatric Conditions (Preudo-cushing disorders) a. depression b. alcoholismPregnancy,Therapies,Drug therapies ： inhibitors of ACTH secretion: bromocriptine ACTH receptor antagonists :propranolol inhibitors o
7、f glucoeortieoid synthesis or secretionSurgery Individual treatment,Thyroid Gland,Thyroid - 甲状腺 gland - 腺体 aden-腺 adenocyte 腺细胞 adenoma 腺瘤,Thyroid Gland,Thyr/o- 甲状腺 Thyroid 甲状腺 Thyroiditis 甲状腺炎 Thyro-operation 甲状腺手术 Thyroxine 甲状腺素T4 Thyroglobulin 甲状腺球蛋白,Thyroid Gland,Thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素 Thyrotropi
8、n hormone=thyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲状腺激素TSH Thyrotropin-releasing hormone 促甲状腺激素释放激素 TRH,Thyroid Gland,eu- ： good，normal euthyroid 甲状腺功能正常的 -ectomy 切除术 parathyoidectomy 甲状旁腺切除术 hypophysectomy 垂体切除术 appendicectomy 阑尾切除术,Parathyroid gland,parathyroid/o- 甲状旁腺 parathormone 甲状旁腺激素 PTH parathyroidecto
9、my 甲状旁腺切除术para- : beside ，near parasympathetic 副交感神经,Parathyroid gland,calc/o- : calcium calcify 使钙化 calcitonin 降钙素 hypocalcemia 低血钙 hypercalcemia 高血钙,Doctor-patient dialogue,What bothers you?,Im sick.,甲亢检查室,Hyperthyroidism,hyper- higher or too muchhypo- below; underthyr/o- thyroid glandHyperthyroid
10、ism 甲亢Hypothyroidism 甲减,Hyperthyroidism,Polyphagia Weight loss Sweating Tachycardia,Hyperthyroidism,poly- : many polyfunctional多功能的 polyphagia 多食 polydipsia 多饮 polyuria 多尿,Hyperthyroidism,Sweatingsud- ： sweat 汗 sudatory 发汗的 sudorific 发汗剂diaphor/o- profuse sweating(尤指大量)发汗 diaphoresis 发汗hidr/o- sweat
11、 hyperhidrosis 多汗症,Hyperthyroidism,Tachycardiatachy- ： fast tachycardia 心悸, 心动过速 tachyphylaxis 快速免疫；快速耐受 tachypnea 呼吸急促,Vocabulary,Pancreat- pancreas (-itis 炎症) Pancreatitis 胰腺炎(-otomy 切开术) pancreatectomy 胰腺切除术,Vocabulary,Gluc/o- suger glucose 葡萄糖 glucagon 胰高血糖素Glyc/o- suger(hyper- high ) hyperglyce
12、mia 高血糖症(hypo- low) hypoglycemia 低血糖症(-uria urine condition ) glycosuria 糖尿,Vocabulary,Insulin/o- insulin hypoinsulinemia 血胰岛素过少(-oma 肿物) insulinoma 胰岛瘤,Pancreas anatomy,Pancreas tissue,The main hormone Insulin enters the blood stream and then helps all of the cells or the body to be able to absorb
13、glucose.,Islet of Langerhans,Feedback system,Alpha cells: producing glucagonBeta cells :producing insulinGlucose/Insulin: activates beta cells and inhibits alpha cellsGlycogen/Glucagon: activates alpha cells which activate beta cells,metabolic diseases（代谢疾病）highblood sugarPancreas （胰腺）insulin （胰岛素）,Type1 diabetes（型糖尿病）Type2 diabetes（型糖尿病）Gestational diabetes（妊娠糖尿病）,frequent urination尿频increased thirst口渴increased hunger饥饿lose weight消瘦,Symptom,Prevention,Eat fewer snacks Eat more vegetables Sleep enough Exercise more,THE END,The best team THANK YOU!,
