1、1Part II Reading (skimming and scanning) (15 minutes)Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B ） ,C）,and D）.For questions 8-10, complete the se
2、ntences with the information given in the passage.Passage I Beauty and Body Image in the MediaImages of female bodies are everywhere. Womenand their body partssell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known
3、to faint on the set from lack of food. Womens magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it allthe perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom
4、 are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, alo
5、ng with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.The stakes are huge. On the one h
6、and, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90 to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight).On the
7、 other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.The American research group Anorexia Nervosa they just dont want more,” says Galinsky.Monet
8、ary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households“Weve decided we prefer to have more time to ourselves,” says Carol Kornhaber, a New England software programmer in her late twenties. Kornhaber and her husband are both working but have sought out jobs where they are not pressed to put in long hou
9、rs. Instead, they have insisted upon eight-hour days and having enough vacation time to travel, a major interest they share. Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses. “We are lucky in a lot of ways to have found bosses who understand our nee
10、ds.”BurnoutTrying to squeeze more productivity out of workers may be nothing new, but it has become particularly acute in recent years. This has been due in large measure to recession-induced layoffs and other trends such as the rising cost of healthcare benefits. After a layoff, workers who remain
11、behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office. As new corporate initiatives are planned, the inverse is also true. As Sumser observes, “the additional workload, which runs across the economy from the office work
12、er to the manufacturing line, seems to be a function of the cost of benefits. The regulations make it cheaper to add workload for existing employees than to hire new players.” The Families and Work Institute reports that nearly one third of U.S. employees often or very often feel overworked or overw
13、helmed by how much work they have to do. Nearly three out of four report that they frequently dream about doing something different from their current job.Show Me the MoneyOverworked or not, the majority in the S poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice. For many, it was a pract
14、ical matter. Says Peggy Jones, an accountant in a Boston area business services company, “I already get three weeks a year that I cant use up because Im so busy. Id definitely go for the extra money to pay some bills or make a big purchase Ive been holding off on.” For Jones, the realities of runnin
15、g a household and saving up for college for her children simply need to take precedence over extra free time.Companies Are Already RespondingTo many human resources experts it is inevitable that, given the growing health of the economy and the upcoming population-driven labor shortages as the Boomer
16、 Generation moves into retirement, the pendulum of control in the employee-employer relationship will swing back to the employee side. That is expected to begin in just a few years. According to human resources expert, Larry Schumer, at S, “since most companies succeed based on a motivated and capab
17、le workforce, they have offered and will continue to offer more paid flexibility, whether it be through tried and tested time-off programs or the next great idea.” Where will that new balance of employer versus employee needs lie? Time, or perhaps time off, surely will tell.1. Which of the following
18、 has been rising in importance in the past few years?A) Compensation. B) Time off. C) Right to vote. D) Staffing levels.2. According to the passage, we know that the Boomer Generation is concerned _.A) about family and work equally B) more about work6C) more about family D) about neither work nor fa
19、mily3. What can be inferred about Tony Jackson?A) He is 43 years old. B) He works in a financial services company.C) He has changed his life and work attitude. D) He spends 14 hours a day on his work.4. When did American workers gradually begin to change their attitudes towards work?A) After Septemb
20、er 11. B) In November 2004.C) In late 2004. D) At the end of the roaring 1990s.5. According to Ellen Galinsky, why did workers change their mind about work?A) They have been pushed to the limit of their working hours.B) They increased their need to enjoy life.C) They have more rights than before.D)
21、They dont want to work for a living.6. Carol Kornhaber and her husband dont have too much financial pressure because _.A) they have parents who are rich B) they dont have children to feedC) they both have a high salary D) they both have work and they are thrifty7. After a layoff, the employees who k
22、eep their jobs usually have to _.A) find another job in case they are fired B) do what their bosses tell them toC) work longer hours to avoid being fired D) do the work left by the laid-off workers8. According to S, compared with three years ago, the desire for time off is up almost _.9. According t
23、o the poll from S, the majority of employees preferred to _ if they had the choice.10. Larry Schumer said that most companies succeeded based on a motivated and capable _.1. B)。参见第一段中“In the past few years, human resources experts say time off has 7consistently placed among the top three employee co
24、ncerns, along with compensation and staffing levels .”可知，过去几年中雇员对休息时间的关注程度有所提高。2. B)。参见 A New Generation 小标题下“. younger workers are more likely to be family-centric or dual-centric (with equal priorities on both career and family) rather than work-centric when compared to members of the Boomer Gener
25、ation.”可知，出生在生育高峰期的那代人与当代的年轻人相比，他们对工作的重视程度要大于对家庭的重视程度。3. C)。参见 September 11th and the End of the Roaring Nineties 小标题下“I started looking at things completely differently.”可知，Tony Jackson 已经改变了对工作和生活的态度。4. D)。参见 September 11th and the End of the Roaring Nineties 小标题下“Even before September 11th, some
26、experts say the slow shift in worker attitudes was already underway due to the end of the roaring 1990s .”可知，在 9.11 事件之前就有专家称：工人们对待工作的态度在喧嚣的 20 世纪 90 年代末已经开始发生转变。5. A)。参见 September 11th and the End of the Roaring Nineties 小标题下“. due to the fact that workers have been pushed to their limit in recent
27、years.”可知，工人们的工作时间已经达到极限，这是他们改变了对工作的态度的原因。6. D)。参见 Monetary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households 小标题下“Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses.”可知，他们没有过大的经济压力是由于夫妻双方都有工作，而且不乱花钱。7. D)。参见 Burnout 小标题下 “After a layoff, workers who r
28、emain behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office.”可知，裁员后，被辞退员工的工作通常由在职的员工帮助完成。8. 20%。参见第一段最后一句“. but the desire for time off is up almost 20% from just three years ago when S conducted a similar poll.”可知，与三年前
29、的统计数据相比，要休息时间而不要补贴的人数上升了 20%。9. fatten their paycheck。参见 Show Me the Money 小标题下第一句话 “. the majority in the S poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice.”可知，如果有机会，大多数人仍然选择丰厚的报酬。10. workforce。参见 Companies Are Already Responding 小标题下“. Larry Schumer, at S, since most companies succee
30、d based on a motivated and capable workforce .” 可知，多数公司的成功是因为有一支有积极性并有能力的员工队伍。Passage III 8Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B ） ,C）,and
31、D）.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Work-life balance: Ways to restore harmony and reduce stressFinding work-life balance in todays frenetically (疯狂) paced world is no simple task.Spend more time at work than at home, and you miss out on a rewardin
32、g personal life. Then again, when you face challenges in your personal life, such as caring for an aging parent or coping with marital problems, concentrating on your job can be difficult.Whether the problem is too much focus on work or too little, when your work life and your personal life feel out
33、 of balance, stress along with its harmful effects is the result.The good news is that you can take control of your work-life balance and give yourself the time to do the things that are most important to you. The first step is to recognize how the world of work has changed. Then you can evaluate yo
34、ur relationship to work and apply some specific strategies for striking a healthier balance.How work invades your personal lifeThere was a time when employees showed up for work Monday through Friday and worked eight- to nine-hour days. The boundaries between work and home were fairly clear then. Bu
35、t the world has changed and, unfortunately, the boundaries have blurred for many workers. Heres why:Global economy. As more skilled workers enter the global labor market and companies outsource or move more jobs to reduce labor costs, people feel pressured to work longer and produce more just to pro
36、tect their jobs.International business. Work continues around the world 24 hours a day for some people. If you work in an international organization, you might be on call around the clock for troubleshooting or consulting.Advanced communication technology. Many people now have the ability to work an
37、ywhere from their home, from their car and even on vacation. And some managers expect this.Longer hours. Employers commonly ask employees to work longer hours than theyre scheduled. Often, overtime is mandatory (强制性的). If you hope to move up the career ladder, you may find yourself regularly working
38、 more than 40 hours a week to achieve and exceed expectations.Changes in family roles. Todays married worker is typically part of a dual-career couple, which makes it difficult to find time to meet commitments to family, friends and community.Married to your workIt can be tempting to rack up the hou
39、rs at work especially if youre trying to earn a promotion or some extra money for a childs education or a dream vacation. For others, working more hours feels necessary in order to manage the workload.But if youre spending most of your time at work, your home life will likely pay the price. Consider
40、 the pros and cons of working extra hours on your work-life balance:Fatigue. Your ability to think and your eye-hand coordination decrease when youre tired. This means youre less productive and may make more mistakes. These mistakes can lead to injury or rework and negatively impact your professiona
41、l reputation.Family. You may miss out on important events, such as your childs first bike ride, your 9fathers 60th birthday or your high-school reunion. Missing out on important milestones may harm relationships with your loved ones.Friends. Trusted friends are a key part of your support system. But
42、 if youre spending time at the office instead of with them, youll find it difficult to nurture those friendships.Expectations. If you regularly work extra hours, you may be given more responsibility. This could create a never-ending and increasing cycle, causing more concerns and challenges.Sometime
43、s working overtime is important. If you work for a company that requires mandatory overtime, you wont be able to avoid it, but you can learn to manage it. Most importantly, say no when youre too tired, when its affecting your health or when you have crucial family obligations.Striking the best work-
44、life balanceFor most people, juggling (巧妙处理) the demands of career and personal life is an ongoing challenge. With so many demands on your time from overtime to family obligations it can feel difficult to strike this balance. The goal is to make time for the activities that are the most important to
45、 you.Here are some ideas to help you find the balance thats best for you:Learn to say no. Whether its a co-worker asking you to spearhead (充当先锋) an extra project or your childs teacher asking you to manage the class play, remember that its OK to respectfully say no. When you quit doing the things yo
46、u only do out of guilt or a false sense of obligation, youll make more room in your life for the activities that are meaningful to you and bring you joy.Leave work at work. Make a conscious decision to separate work time from personal time. When with your family, for instance, turn off your cell pho
47、ne and put away your laptop computer.Manage your time. Organize household tasks efficiently. Do one or two loads of laundry every day, rather than saving it all for your day off. A weekly family calendar of important dates and a daily list of to-dos will help you avoid deadline panic. If your employ
48、er offers a course in time management, sign up for it.Get enough sleep. Theres nothing as stressful and potentially dangerous as working when youre sleep-deprived. Not only is your productivity affected, but also you can make costly mistakes. You may then have to work even more hours to make up for
49、these mistakes.Communicate clearly. Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully. Take notes if necessary.Nurture yourself. Set aside time each day for an activity that you enjoy, such as walking, working out or listening to music.Set aside one night each week for recre
