1、小学三四年级英语语法汇总物主代词数 人称 主格 宾格所有格,形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称我 I me my mine myself第二人称你 you you your yours yourself他 he him his his himself她 she her her hers herself单数第三人称 它 it it its its itself第一人称我们 we us our ours ourselves第二人称你们 you you your yours yourselves复数第三人称他们, 她们,它们they them their theirs themselve
2、s一、 陈述句定义:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 1、谓语动词是 be 动词, 助动词 do/have/has,情态动词 can 等时,只要直接在这些词后面加not 就构成否定形式。 eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily _ _ this new book _. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词 do ,第三人称单数加 does,一般过去时加 did,再和 not 构成否定结构。必须指出的是:dont, doesnt, didn
3、t 后都用动词原形。 eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _ _ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children _ _ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.(改为肯定句) Rose _ _ milk this morning. 二、 疑问句定义:是用来提出问题的句子。 常用疑问词: 疑问词
4、 意思 用法What time 什么时间 问具体时间,如几点钟Who 谁 问人Whose 谁的 问主人Where 在哪里 问地点What 什么 问东西、事物What colour(color) 什么颜色 问颜色How old 多大年纪 问年纪How many 多少数量(可数名词) 问数量How much 多少钱;多少数量( 不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)A.一般疑问句:以 be 动词, have /has/do 等助动词、can/may 等情态动词开头,以 yes 或 no来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是:Be/Have/Has/Did 等助动词(包括情态动词)主语谓语(包括表语).?回答
5、常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。 eg. Theres something wrong with his bike.(改成疑问句) _ _ _ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词 Do、Does(三单) 、Did(过去式)加上这些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. (改成疑问句) _ Edison _ a science lab himself when
6、 he was ten? 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.(改成疑问句) _ those Japanese _ Chinese food? 注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody 等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already 要改成yet,some、something 、somebody 等分别改成 any、anything、anybody 等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把 too 改成 either,both 改成 neither,all 改成 none 等.在改成一般
7、疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称 I、we 改成第二人称 you。 B.特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why 等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用 yes或 no 来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用 what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. (划线提问)
8、_ _ the twins _ when their mother came in? Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. (划线提问) _ _ Mrs Turner ask her son _ _? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用 which,而且必须和名词连用。 Im going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问) _ _ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用 who,作宾语时提问用 whom。 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用 whose
9、。 5)对具体时间提出疑问,如 in the morning,last Sunday 等,疑问词用 when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用 what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用 where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. (划线提问) _ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有 because 引导的从句,疑问词应用 why。 Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was il
10、l. (划线提问) _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词 How。 9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为 How many,要注意 how many 必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred birdsHow many birds 10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用 How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用 How long。 eg. Ive worked
11、in that factory for two years. (划线提问) _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 12)对时间频率,如 once a year, twice a week 等提问,疑问词用 How often。 13)对具体次数,如 once, twice, three times 等提问,疑问词用 How many times。 14)对 in一段时间提问,疑问词一般用 How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. (划线提问) _ _ _ Jane a
12、nd her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用 How far。 eg. Its about two kilometres from here to the country.(划线提问) _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用 Whats the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间,就用 was 代替 is。 Whats the weather like? 思考题 1) The workers visited the factory alre
13、ady.(改成否定句、一般疑问句) The worker _ _ the factory _. _ the worker _ the factory _? 2)Both of his parents are workers.(改成否定句) _ of his parents _ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.(划线提问) _ _ _ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.(划线提问) What _ you really enjoy _? 5)She w
14、rites to her parents once a week.(划线提问) _ _ _ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.(划线提问) _ _ _ our P.E teacher been at this school? 三、时态1、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能1).表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2).表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3).表示客观现
15、实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成:1). be 动词:主语be(am,is,are)其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2).行为动词:主语行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s“或“-es“。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。2、现在进行时 (1)构成形式:Be 动词+ 动词的 ing 形式注意:两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时 (2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生 (3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有 be 动词,又有动词,且动词加了 ing ,则该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有 now、look、listen 动词现在分词