1、2006 年 6 月 一、 Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. 通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。 The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.
2、从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看出，人们在使用电话时的说谎 几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。 The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding. 因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来-并可能对你造成困扰-这就是这项研究的关键所 在。 Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca ik , New York, asked 30 students to
3、keep a communications diary for a week. Jeff Hancock 在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大学执教，他曾要求30个学生记录一周中每天 的通讯情况。 In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. 参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要坦诚自己说了 多少谎话。 Hancock then
4、worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. Hancock 据此推算出使用各种通讯媒介在每次交流过程中说谎的次数。他得出结论：谎言 在电子邮件通讯中占了 14%，在当面沟通中占了
5、 27%，而在电话交流中占了 37% His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in Viennavien, Austria:stri, in April, have surprised psychologists. 这项研究结果于4月份再奥地利维也纳的“人与电脑互动国际会议”上被宣读，并且令心理 学家们感到惊讶。 Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception mak
6、es people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of e- mailing would make it easier to lie. 有人认为电子邮件是最主要的谎言媒介，因为欺骗会让人不适，而电子邮件非直接接触的 特性使其更容易成为谎言发生的渠道。 Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication. 还有人认为在当面交流的过程中更容易说谎，因为当面交流史最常
7、见的沟通方式。 （因为人 们更擅长当面交流，所以撒谎技术更娴熟） 。 But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether occurs in real time. 但是 Hancock 认为同样重要的是对话过程是否会被记录下来并能够被重新阅读，以及对话 是否是即时发生的。 People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later
8、be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. 当人们觉得时候要对交流过程负责时，就会对说谎存有恐惧感。这就是为什么电子邮件中 的谎言要少于电话中的。 People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message to phone call, say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock
9、. Hancock 说，与有时间思考如何回应的情况相比，人们也更倾向于在即时交流过程中说谎- -例如在即时信息或者电话中。 He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的 ) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?“ 他发现很多谎言都是对一些偶然问题脱口而出的回应，例如：“你觉得我的裙子怎么样？“ Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their emplo
10、yees to communicate. Hancock 希望他的研究结果能帮助公司找出员工之间沟通的最佳途径。 For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. 但是根据该项研究结果，在做以诚实为重的工作时，最好还是发电子
11、邮件。 二、 In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood,who should be allowed to come,work and live here? 在一个以理念，而不是血缘定义自身的国家里，什么样的人才可以来到这里工作和生活呢？ In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing. 在“9-11“袭击事件之后，这些问题的紧迫性达到了前所未有的程度。 On December .11,2001,
12、as part of the effort to increase homeland securty ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel“ - raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明). 2001年12 月11日，作为增强国土安全工作的一部分，联邦和14 个州的机关发动了“安全 旅行操作”行动-搜查了机场并逮捕了使用假身份证的雇员。 In Salt Lake City there wer
13、e 69 arrests.But those captured were anything but terrorists,most of them illegal immigrants from Central or Sounth American . 在盐湖城有69人被捕。这些被捕的人形形色色，但是就是没有恐怖分子，他们中大多数人 是来自中南美洲的非法移民。 Authorities said the undocumented workers illegal status made them open to blankmall(讹诈)by terrorists. 当地政府说，非法劳工的不合法身
14、份使他们容易受恐怖分子讹诈。 Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. 许多在盐湖城的移民对于被捕感到非常气愤，并表示感觉自己就像被丢弃的东西一样。 Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. Anderson 市长称这些人的感受就某种程度而言是有根据的 “Were sayi
15、ng we want you to work in these places,were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are,and then when its convenient for us,or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security,especially after Sept.11,then youer disposable There are whole families being uprooted for all of
16、 the wrong reasons,“Anderson said. “我们声称想让你们在这些地方工作，但我们的法律却让我们用另外一种方式来看待你们， 因而在适当的时候，或在我们以国家安全为由的时候，特别是在“9-11“ 之后，你们就被丢 弃了。有些人全家都因为这些不合理的理由而被扫地出门。 ” If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America,probably indefinitely .
17、 如果“9-11“没有发生，机场工作人员就不会被捕，可以在美国一直过着安宁的日子，可能 永 远这样生活着。 Ana Castro,a ,amanager at a Ben 生在2009年春季踏入牛津大学的时候，他们将会见到一张新面孔； Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.当下一年的高中毕业安德鲁- 汉密尔顿，55 岁的耶鲁大学教务长，他
18、将成为牛津 大学的副校长-这个职位相当于美国大学的校长。 Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. 汉密尔顿并不是位移的跨越大西洋的教育学家。 Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. 法国，埃及，新加坡等地的学校最近也从国外一斤了高层管理人员。 Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays,
19、 and like so many businesses, its gone global. 高等教育已经变成当今社会的一项大型且竞争激烈的商业，而且与很多商业类似的是，它 正在走向全球化。 Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. 但是人才的流动却并非全球化。高级管理层的人员流动只有一个方向：离开美国。 The chief reason is that American schools dont tend
20、to seriously consider looking abroad. 主要原因在于每股大学并没有认真考虑过放眼海外。 For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. 例如，当科罗拉多州大学的董事会寻找下一任校长的时候，他们想要找的是一名熟知联邦 政府的领导者，而联邦政府正
21、式大学经费预算的主要来源。 “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the boards chair. “我们没有任何关于全球化的考虑”董事会主席帕特里夏-海斯说。 The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university preside
22、nts: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.、 董事会最终选择了布鲁斯-本森，一名69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，他可能能够胜 任现代大学校长的最主要任务：筹集经费。筹集经费是典型的美国特色，因为美国的大学 非常依赖捐款。筹集经费的能力在很大程度上是经验和需求的产物。
23、 Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. 于此同时，很多欧洲的大学仍然主要依靠政府的拨款。 But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. 但是政府的支持却无法跟上学生人数的增长。 The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary abilit
24、y among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans. 政府支持的减少使筹集经费的能力成为管理者的一项日渐必要的能力，使得负责招聘的委 员会嫉妒渴望聘请美国人。 In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. 在过去的数年间，世界各地的名校都已经加入到这一潮流中。 In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, anothe
25、r former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position.” 2003年，当剑桥大学雇佣埃里森理查德-另一位耶鲁大学的前任教务长当校长时，剑桥 大学公开强调，在她的上一份工作中，在她的监督之下， “耶鲁大学的财务状况获得了极大 的巩固” Of course, fund-raising isnt the only
26、 skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practice 当然，筹集经费不是外来者所具备的唯一一项能力。教育的全球化意味着更多大学会寻找 具有某种国际经验的领导人，以推广国际项目，吸引全球化的学生群体。外国人可以为现 有的运作方式提供全新的视角。
