1、Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! 知识导航 语言目标 谈论污染和环境保护。 Section A 重点单词 1. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾 2. bottom n. 底部 3. coal n. 煤 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的 5. cost v.花费 n. 花费 6. wooden adj. 木制的 (wood n. 木材) 7. plastic adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料 8. method n. 方法 9. cruel adj. 残酷的 10. harmful adj. 有害的 (harm n. 害处) 11. industry
2、 n. 工业 12. law n. 法律 13. afford v. 承担得起 重点短语 1.make a difference 起作用；有影响 2. take part in 参加 3. turn off 关掉 4. pay for 付费；付出代价 5. cut down 减少 6. lead to 导致 7. hear of 听说 8. cut off 切除 重点句型 1.Were trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。 2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。 3. The air is badly po
3、lluted. 空气被严重污染。 4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且 对环境也有害。 Section B 重点单词 1. recycle v. 回收利用 2. gate n. 大门 3. bottle n. 瓶子 4. president n. 负责人 5. work n. 作品 6. metal n. 金属 重点短语 1. throw away 扔掉 2. put sth. to good use 好好利用 3. put down 拆下 4. upside down
4、 上下颠倒 5. bring back 恢复 重点句型 1. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩 石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。 2. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢
5、铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。 核心语法 1. 复习现在进行时、used to 句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。 Section A (1a-2d) 【基础预习】 I. 写出下面单词的意思。 1. littler _ 2. bottom _ 3. fisherman _ 3. coal _ 5. ugly _ 6. advantage _ 7. cost _ 8. wooden _ 9. plastic _ II. 把下面的短语与汉语意思搭配。 1. make a difference A. 参与 2. cut down B. 充满 3. lead to C. 减少 4. be full
6、of D. 起作用 5. play a part in E. 导致 【重点讲练】 1. The air has become really polluted around here. 这儿的空气已经被污染了。 辨析：turn, get 与 become become 多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容 词。 He becomes a teacher. 他成了一名老师。 get 多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得” ，后常接形容词的比较级形 式。 In winter the days get shorter. 冬季白天变得较短。 turn 指在颜色
7、和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。 Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 山里的树叶已变成了棕色。 【小试牛刀】用 turn, get 和 become 填空。 Her mother _ angry when she heard the news. Its _ darker and darker outside. The milk has _ bad. 2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少 空气污染，我们应该
8、乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。 cut down 意为“减少” ；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于 down 的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于 down 前面。 Youd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。 【拓展】 cut down 还可表示 “砍倒” 的意思。 They cut down the big tree. 他们砍倒了这棵大树。 cut off 切断；切除 cut into 把切成 cut up 切碎 cut in 插队 【小试牛刀】单项选择 Did y
9、ou tell it to Jack? Yes, but we were _ in the middle of our telephone conversation. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut into 3. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。 辨析：spend, cost, take, pay 花费 主语 表示的内容 spend 人 宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。 cost 物或事 后接 life, money, health, time 等
10、，侧重于“花费” 的代价。 take 事或人 它说明事情完成“花费了” 。 pay 人 意思是“支付” ，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、 “钱” pay for 人 宾语为“物”、 “事 ”，for 表示支付的原因 【小试牛刀】单项选择 1. Do you take exercise every day? Yes. I always _thirty minutes after supper. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay 2. I _ $300 for the bike. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid 【达标训练】 . 用
11、方框中所给词的适当形式填空。 cost, wood, coal, bottom, litter 1. Dont throw _ (垃圾) everywhere. 2. In winter, many people burn _ (煤) to keep warm. 3. The police found a body at the _ (底部) of the lake. 4. The _ (费用) of living in big cities is very high. 5. He keeps a rabbit in a big _ (木制的) box. II. 单项选择。 1. He _ g
12、o out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. use to; is used to D. is used to; is used to 2. The interesting book _ me 10 yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 3. We must do something useful to _ pollution. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut
13、down D. cut in 4. Smoking can _ lung cancer. Youd better give it up. A. work on B. lead to C. take away D. put out 5. What are the _ of bike riding? It can help cut down air pollution. A. advantages B. reasons C. results D. ideas III. 根据汉语提示完成下面的句子。 1. 多一个人少一个人无所谓。 One person wouldnt _ _ _. 2. 这个木箱时
14、装满了书。 The _ box _ _ _ books. 3. 不健康的饮食对这种疾病的传播起一定的作用。 Unhealthy foods _ _ _ _ the spread of the disease. 4. 这条小路通向公园。 The path _ _ the park. 5. 我错拿了你的包。 I took your bag _ _ mine by mistake. Section A (3a-4c) 【基础预习】 I. 根据汉语提示写出下面句中所缺的单词。 1. I have a simple and easy _ (方法) to solve the problem. 2. We
15、shouldnt be _ (残忍的 ) to animals. 3. Its _ (有害的) to your health to drink to much. 4. The city is the _ (工业) center of the country. 5. The car is too expensive, I cant _ (买得起) it. II. 写出下面短语的意思。 1. take part in _ 2. turn off _ 3. pay for _ 4. hear of _ 5. be harmful to _ 【重点讲练】 1. The method is not on
16、ly cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷， 而且对环境也有害。 harmful 形容词，意为“有害的” 。常构成短语 be harmful to “对有害的” 。 Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。 【拓展】 harm 名词，意为“害处” 。常用构成短语 do harm to “对有害” ，相当于 be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking
17、is harmful to his health. 吸烟 过多对他的健康有害。 【小试牛刀】改为同义句。 Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. Reading in the sun _ _ _ our eyes. 2. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？ 辨析：join, join in 和 take part in 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作 为其中的一个成员的含义。 join 后面也可以加表示人的名词，表 示和某人一起参加某活动。 join
18、in 加入一种具体活动。 take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着 重说明句子主语参加该项活动并 在活动中发挥作用。 Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。 Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？ Did you take part in the sports meet? 你参加运动会了吗？ 【小试牛刀】单项选择。 1. Have you _ a club? Yes, Im i
19、n a swimming club and I often _ the swimming training. A. joined; take part in B. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in 2. Were going for a picnic. Would you like to_ us? Why not? Lets go! A. attend B. join C. join in D. take part in 3. We cant afford to wait any longer to ta
20、ke action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。 afford 是动词，意为“ 买得起,担负得起”，通常与 can, could, be able to 连用,多用于否定句 中。 They couldnt afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出 50 美元买一张票。 afford 后面常跟带 to 的动词不定式。 We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。 【小试牛刀】单项选择。 Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, ev
21、en though she can _to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities. A. afford B. allow C. remind D. pay 【达标训练】 I. 用方框中词的适当形式完成下面的句子。 method, cruel, harmful, afford, law 1. I think its _ to make such a young boy work all day. 2. The poor fisherman cant _ his childrens education. 3. I thi
22、nk the government must develop _ to protect environment. 4. Eating too much junk food is _ your health. 5. He can use different _ to work out the problem. II. 单项选择。 1. Are you going to _ any of the events? Yes. Maybe long jump and high jump. A. take part in B. join C. attend D. join in 2. I cant aff
23、ord _ him an expensive birthday present. A. to buy B. buying C. for buying D. buy 3. Remember to _ the lights when you leave the room. OK. I will. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn up D. turn off 4. The girl always has some money to _ snacks. A. spend B. pay for C. take D. cost 5. Look! _ boys are pla
24、ying on the playground. Yes. _ them is about 200. A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of C. A number of; the number of D. A number of; A number of III. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。 We must _ _ to stop them. 2. 我从没听说过这个人。 I have never _ _ such a man. 3. 我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。 We are gl
25、ad to do what we can do _ _ _. 4. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。 _ _, I have made twenty friends. 5. 实际上，她从没去过那儿。 _ _, she has never been there. Section B (1a-2e) 【基础预习】 I. 写出下面单词的意思。 1. recycle _ 2. gate _ 3. bottle _ 4. president _ 5. work _ 6. metal _ II.连线匹配，完成短语 1. throw away A. 上下颠倒 2. put sth. to good use
26、 B. 扔掉 3. pull down C. 恢复 4. bring back D. 拆下 5. upside down E. 好好利用 【重点讲练】 1. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是 由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。 【辨析】be made + 介词 be made of “某物由制造而成” （从制成品中可以看出原材料） be made from “某物由制造而成” （从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料） 。 be made in “某物由某地制造” be
27、made by “某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词 by 用来强调动作的执行者。 be made into 某种原料制成某物 be made up of 某物由组成或构成 【小试牛刀】单项选择。 Books are made _ paper and paper is made _ wood. A. from, of B. of, from C. in, from D. from, in 2. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be
28、brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰 冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。 “not only but also ”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both and ” 。 使用 not only but also 时须注意的几点： not only 与 but also 后面所连接的词的词性必须对等： They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他们不仅准时完成工程，而 且完成得很出色。 not only
29、只能连用，而 but also 既可连用，也可分开用： Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多 时间。 谓语动词的数应与 but also 后主语的数保持一致： Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。 not only 放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构： Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been
30、sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被 罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。 【小试牛刀】单项选择。 1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are D. was 【达标训练】 I. 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下面的句子。 recycle, gate, bottle, president, work 1. Mr. Wang is the _ of the company. 2. The young man likes Lu Xuns _. 3. Cou
31、ld you please give me a _ of water? 4. Tom! Someone is waiting for you at the school _. 5. We should _ garbage, not burn it. II. 单项选择。 1. Your coat looks nice. Its made _ cotton. And it was made _ Shanghai. A. in; by B. from; by C. by; in D. of; in 2. _ he _ I have been to Beijing. Really? When did
32、you do there? A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Too; to 3. The old city walls are dangerous. So they will be _ soon. A. pulled down B. pulled out C. pulled over D. pulled off 4. The old man built himself a house _ wood. A. out of B. in to C. to use D. in for 5. They decided to _
33、 a small business to make some money. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. go up III. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 她扔掉了昨天的报纸。 She _ _ yesterdays newspaper. 2. 我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。 I _ my experience _ _ _ in my new work. 3. 请别将杯子倒置。 Please dont turn the cup _ _. 4. 这些照片唤起了我美好的回忆。 The photos _ _ lots of good memories. 5
34、. 杭州以龙井茶而闻名。 Hangzhou is well _ _ its Longjing Tea. Section B (3a-self check) 【重点讲练】 1. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？ 辨析：need to be done; need doing 与 need to do need doing=need to be done 需要被现在分词 doing 表被动“需要被做” ，相当于 need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be rep
35、aired.我的表需要修了。 need 后加不定式，证明 need 为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时 need 有人称和数的变化。 He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。 【小试牛刀】单项选择。 Something is wrong with my car. It needs _. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair 2. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？ cause 用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
36、 cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+ 直接宾语)为固定用法。 He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多 烦恼。 【小试牛刀】改为同义句。 It caused him lots of worries. It caused lots of worries _ him. 【达标训练】 I. 单项选择 1. My alarm clock doesnt work. It needs _. A. to be repaired B.
37、repair C. to repair D. for repairing 2. His death was _ by a high fever. A. spread B. caused C. got D. showed 3. His mother _ a worker in that factory. A. used to be B. used C. used to being D. used be 4. Your classroom is very clean. Sure. It _ after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cle
38、aned D. is cleaning 5. Hes never stolen anything before, _he? _. Its his second time to be taken to the police station. A. hasnt; Yes B. has; Yes C. has; No D. is; No II. 将下面的句子改为同义句。 1. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday. _ _ Tom _ _ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Readin
39、g in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed _ _ _ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble. The old car caused _ _ trouble _ me. 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He _ ten yuan _ the book. 5. My hair needs cutting. My hair needs _ _ _. 专题复习 【语法点拨】 本单元复习现在进行时、used to 句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词
40、。 现在进行时 （1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。 （2）基本结构： 主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化） （3）基本用法： 表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与 now 或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动 词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。 表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于 at present, this week, these days 等连用。 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 现在完成时 （1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。 （2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （3）基本用法： 表示过去发生的动作，
41、但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与 since, for, in the past + 时间名词， in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性 动词。 表示一种“经历或体验” ，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。 被动语态 初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下： （1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词 （2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词 （3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are
42、+ being + 过去分词 （4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词 （5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词 （6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词 （7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词 （8）含有情态动词的被动式： 情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能” 、 “应当” 、 “必要”等。 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动 词原形。 used to 结构 used
43、 to 意为“过去常常做某事” ，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。 used to 是个情态动词，其中的 to 是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑 问式是：Did 主语use to do sth？否定式是：主语didnt use 。在英式英语中，它 的疑问式应当是：Used 主语 to sth？否定式应当是 used not to 或 use（d）nt to 。 He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。 【实战演练】 I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We
44、 should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. II. 单项选择。 1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _ yet. A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D. hasnt arri
45、ved 2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ as “Peoples Writer”. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 3. Where is Tom? He _ in his room. A. is reading B. reads C. read D. was reading 4. May I go out now, Dad? No. You _ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need
46、 D. must 5. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk. A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks C. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking 【写作演练】 话题导入 本单元以“谈论污染和环境保护”为话题，围绕这一话题谈论人们在日常生活中应该如何 保护环境。这也是单元测试和中考等试题中常考的话题作文之一。 【习作在线】 保护人类共同的家园地球是每个人的责任和义务。我
47、们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做 出自己的贡献。根据表格内容，谈一谈曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力，将来还打算如何去 做。 要求： 1. 词数不少于 50 词； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 意思连贯，条理清晰，适当发挥。 turn off the lights when you leave a room turn off the shower while washing hair stop using paper napkins take your own bags when shopping stop riding in cars ride a bike recycle books and paper 【中考全练】 1. Its getting dark. Please _ the light. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn around 2.How does Jack usually go to work?
