1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语中西思维差异对英汉翻译的影响THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESELINGUISTICDIFFERENCEENGLISHANDCHINESETRANSLATIONIVCONTENTSABSTRACTIII1INTRODUCTION12THECONTRASTBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNMODESOFTHINKING221SYNTHETICTHINKINGVSANALYTICTHINKING222CONCRETETHINKINGVSABSTRACTTHINKING323FORWARDTHINKINGVSREVERSETHINKIN
2、G43DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDTRANSLATIONPROBLEMS531DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDCHOICEOFWORDS532DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDEXPRESSIONSTRUCTURES733DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDWORDSORDER8331THEPRINCIPLEOFTEMPORALSEQUENCE9332THEPRINCIPLEOFSPATIALSEQUENCE9333THEPRINCIPLEOFCAUSEANDRESULTSEQUENCE1034BASICME
3、THODSTOIMPROVETRANSLATIONQUALITY10CONCLUSION11BIBLIOGRAPHY13ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1411INTRODUCTIONINTHELONGPROGRESSOFHUMANSOCIETY,TRANSLATIONHELPSHUMANBEINGTOCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERANDHAVEBEENCLOSELYBOUNDUPWITHHUMANEXISTENCEANDDEVELOPMENTTRANSLATIONSTUDIESHAVELONGBEENCONFINEDTOTHEPERIPHERYOFRESEARCHINTHE
4、HUMANITIESINTHELONGTRANSLATIONHISTORY,THEREAREMANYFACTORSTOAFFECTTHEQUALITYOFTRANSLATIONSUCHASTHEDIFFERENCEOFCULTUREANDTRANSLATIONHABITSANDSOONDIFFERENTNATIONSHAVEDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENTIDEOLOGIESANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDS,PEOPLEMAYHAVETOTALLYDIFFERENTIDEASTOWARDSTHESAMETHING,
5、THEIMPACTONENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONALSOINCLUDINGTHINKINGTHINKINGOFALLNATIONSCONTAINSALOTOFDIFFERENCESCHINESEANDENGLISHAREALSONOEXCEPTIONLANGUAGEISTHECARRIERANDCONTAINEROFCULTURALINFORMATIONCULTUREISTHESOILOFLANGUAGEHOWEVER,THINKINGISTHECARRIEROFLANGUAGESO,THINKINGPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINTRANSLATIONBE
6、FORETHIS,WESHOULDCLEARWHATISCULTUREANDWHATISTRANSLATIONSIREDWARDTYLOR,ABRITISHANTHROPOLOGIST,WASONEOFTHOSEWHOFIRSTDEFINEDCULTURE,INPRIMITIVECULTUREEDWARDTYLOR,18711,HISDEFINITIONWASTHAT“CULTUREISCOMPLEXWHOLE,WHICHINCLUDESKNOWLEDGE,BELIEF,ART,LAW,MORALS,CUSTOMSANDANYOTHERCAPABILITIESANDHABITSACQUIRED
7、BYMANASAMEMBEROFSOCIETY”EACHGENERATIONINHERITSTHECULTUREESTABLISHEDBYITSFOREFATHERSANDMAKESITSOWNCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCULTURE,SODIFFERENTNATIONSHAVEDIFFERENTCULTURESSAMUALJOHSONPOINTEDOUTTOTRANSLATEISTOCHANGEINTOANOTHERLANGUAGERETAININGASMUCHOFTHESENSEASONECANSAMUALJOHSON,18952TRANSLATIONI
8、SACROSSLINGUALANDCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIVEACTIVITYITREPRODUCESTHEMESSAGEOFTHESOURCETEXTINTOTHEMESSAGEOFTHETARGETTEXTTOMAKETHETARGETREADERUNDERSTANDWHATTHESOURCETEXTISABOUTINOTHERWORDS,THETRANSLATIONAMONGDIFFERENTLANGUAGESMIGHTEXPRESSTHESAMETHINKINGMEANINGTRANSLATIONISACOMPLEXPROCESS,WHICHINVOLVESLA
9、NGUAGEASWELLASCULTURAL,POORQUALITYINTRANSLATIONCAUSEDBYDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGHASBECOMEABIGPROBLEMADEQUATEATTENTIONISREQUIREDFROMTHEDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGTOACHIEVEABETTERTRANSLATIONINTERMSOFFEATURES,LANGUAGEISNOTONLYATOOLFORTHINKING,BUTALSOFORCOMMUNICATIONPEOPLESBRAINCANREFLECTTHEOBJECTIVEWORLD,A
10、NDTHINKINGISONEOFFUNCTIONSFORHUMANSBRAINSHOWEVER,LANGUAGEANDTHOUGHTISNOTONETOONERELATIONSHIP2SHAKESPEARESAIDWHATSINANAME,THATWHICHWECALLAROSEBYANYOTHERNAMEWOULDSMELLASSWEETROMEOANDJULIET,SCENE2THEUNITYOFTHOUGHTANDANARBITRARYFORMOFLANGUAGECONTENT,CONSTITUTETHEDIVERSITYOFTRANSLATION,BUTALSOCREATEDMANY
11、DIFFICULTIESINTHETRANSLATIONPROCESSBUTDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNALWAYSLEADTOTHEDIFFERENTUNDERSTANDINGTOTHESAMEMESSAGECHINESEANDENGLISHPEOPLEHAVEDIFFERENTCONNOTATIVEMEANINGSTOSAMEWORDSORUSEDIFFERENTWORDSTOEXPRESSSAMEORSIMILARMEANINGSTHEMAINPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOPOINTOUTSEVERALCO
12、MMONERRORSINECTRANSLATION,ANDHELPUSHAVEABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEMODEOFTHINKINGBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNPEOPLE,THEREFOREMAKETHEGAPOFINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONNARROWER2THECONTRASTBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNMODESOFTHINKING21SYNTHETICTHINKINGVSANALYTICTHINKINGGENERALLYSPEAKING,CHINESEPEOPLEEMPHASIZEINTEGRIT
13、YWHILEWESTERNPEOPLEEMPHASIZEINDIVIDUALITYCHINESEPEOPLETHINKTHEWORLDISUNITEDTHEYTHINKTHATTHECOLLECTIVITYISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGCOMPAREDWITHTHIS,WESTERNERSTENDTOANALYSISTHEWHOLEWORLDINTOSMALLERPARTS,BECAUSEITISGOODTOUSELOGICALANALYSISANDSTRESSTHEINDIVIDUALVALUETHISPHENOMENONALSOEXISTSINTHINKINGASARESU
14、LTOFTHISPHENOMENON,CHINESEPEOPLELAYSTRESSONSYNTHETICTHINKINGWHILEWESTERNPEOPLEPAYMOREATTENTIONTOANALYTICTHINKINGTHESETWOKINDSOFTHINKINGHAVEBROUGHTGREATEFFECTSONTRANSLATIONTHECOVERTNESSOFGRAMMARANDTHEPARATAXISOFSENTENCEINMOSTCHINESESENTENCESEMBODIESSYNTHETICTHINKING,ALSOTHEOVERTNESSOFGRAMMARANDTHEHYP
15、OTAXISOFSENTENCEINMOSTENGLISHSENTENCESEMBODIESANALYTICTHINKINGCHINESELANGUAGEISATOPICPROMINENTLANGUAGEANDENGLISHISASUBJECTPROMINENTONEWECANCLEARLYSEETHATTHEIMPACTONENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONCAUSEDBYSYNTHETICTHINKINGANDANALYTICTHINKINGTHESTRUCTUREOFCHINESESENTENCESISVERYINCOMPACT,BUTTHEENGLISHAREVERYP
16、RECISEWHENWEAREINTRANSLATION,WESHOULDPAYOURATTENTIONTOTHEPARATAXISANDHYPOTAXISTOAVOIDMISTAKESINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONCHINESEPEOPLEUSUALLYUSENOMENCLATUREANDHAVEGENERICCONCEPTINMINDITISALSOCOMESFROMTHESYNTHETICTHINKING,THUSSOMEERRORS3MAYOCCURINENGLISHTRANSLATION1PLANETINCHINAISUSEDASTHEASSEMBLAGEOF
17、ALLGALAXIES,BUTWESTERNPEOPLEUSUALLYUSETHEWORDSINDETAIL,SUCHASVENUS,JUPITER,MERCURY,MARS,SARURN,URAHS,NEPTUNEANDPLUTOSOWESHOULDDISTINGUISHTHEMFROMEACHOTHERINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATION,PUTTINGTHEINDIVIDUALATTHEFIRSTPLACEINTHECOURSEOFTRANSLATION22CONCRETETHINKINGVSABSTRACTTHINKINGWESTERNPEOPLETENDTOBEAB
18、STRACTWHILECHINESEPEOPLETENDTOBECONCRETEABSTRACTISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTFEATURESOFWESTERNLANGUAGETHEYUSUALLYUSEABSTRACTWORDSTOEXPRESSCONCRETEMEANINGBUTCHINESEPEOPLEAREACCUSTOMEDTOUSECONCRETEWORDSTOEXPRESSCONCRETEMEANINGFORMOSTWESTERNPEOPLE,THOSEABSTRACTWORDSAREEXPLICITANDCONCISE,ANDTHEYCANUNDERSTANDI
19、TEASILYWHENCHINESEPEOPLECOMEINTOCONTACTWITHTHOSESENTENCESORARTICLESWHICHINCLUDESSEVERALABSTRACTWORDS,WEMAYFEELITDIFFICULTTOUNDERSTANDLETALONEASARESULT,THEREAREALOTOFMISTAKESINTHETRANSLATIONORSOMECHINESETRANSLATORSCANTCONVEYTHEEXACTMEANINGOFTHESOURCELANGUAGESOWESHOULDPUTTHEABSTRACTWORDSINTOCONCRETETH
20、INGORCONCRETEACT2IHOPEMYPRESENCEHERETONIGHTISFURTHERPROOFOFTHEIMPORTANCEWEBRITISHATTACHONRELATIONSWITHYOURGREATCOUNTRY我希望，今晚我到这里来可以进一步证明，我们英国人非常重视和你们伟大祖国的关系WECANSEECLEARLYTHATINTHISSENTENCETHREEABSTRACTWORDSSYMBOLIZETHREECONCRETETHINGSTHEFIRSTWORDIS“PRESENCE”，ITMEANSTOCOMEHEREBYHIMSELFTHESECONDWORDI
21、S“PROOF”，ITMEANSTHEPERSONSATTENDANCETONIGHT,ITSACONCRETETHING,NOTJUSTANEVIDENCETHETHIRDWORDIS“IMPORTANCE”,ITMEANSTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHERELATIONSHIP3WISDOMPREPARESTHEWORST,BUTFOLLYLEAVESTHEWORSTFORTHEDAYITCOMES聪明人防患于未来，愚蠢者临渴挖井“WISDOM”AND“FOLLY”AREALSOTWOABSTRACTWORDSTHECONCRETEMEANINGSOFTHESETWOWORDSARET
22、HECLEVERPERSONSANDTHESTUPIDPERSONS4ANOTHEREXAMPLEFORWHATCANBEPRETTIERTHANANIMAGEOFLOVEONHISKNEESBEFOREBEAUTYMTHACKERAYVANITYFAIRCH154痴情公子向美貌佳人跪下求婚，还不是一幅赏心悦目的画吗ASWEALLKNOWNTHATLOVECANTPROPOSMARRIAGEBEFOREBEAUTYANDITNATURALLYLETUSIMAGINEABEAUTIFULSCENEINWHICHAHANDSOMEMANPROPOSMARRIAGETOABEAUTIFULWOMAN
23、WHICHISREASONABLEFROMWHATIHAVEMENTIONEDABOVE,WEMAYEASILYDRAWACONCLUSIONTHATCHINESEPEOPLEAREUSEDTOTHINKINASPECIFICWAY,BUTWESTERNERSLIKETODESCRIBETHINGSINANABSTRACTWAYIFYOUDONOTTRANSFORMTHEABSTRACTWORDSINTOTHECONCRETEMEANING,ANDTHENTHEREWILLBEALOTOFMISTAKESINTHEECTRANSLATION23FORWARDTHINKINGVSREVERSET
24、HINKINGTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENFORWARDTHINKINGANDREVERSETHINKINGMAINLYINCLUDESSPACE,POSITIONANDTIMECHINESEPEOPLEAREACCUSTOMEDTOUSINGFORWARDTHINKING,WHILEWESTERNPEOPLEAREQUITEDIFFERENTFROMCHINESEPEOPLEFORWARDTHINKINGUSUALLYCOMPLIESWITHTHEPRINCIPLEOFTEMPORALSEQUENCE,THEPRINCIPLEOFSPATIALSEQUENCEANDTHEPRIN
25、CIPLEOFCAUSEANDRESULTSEQUENCECHINESEPEOPLEFIRSTDESCRIBEWHATHASHAPPENEDINTHEPAST,THENTALKABOUTTHEPLOTWHICHHAPPENEDATCURRENTANDATLASTSAYSOMETHINGINTHENEARFUTUREENGLISHSENTENCESBASEDONTHENEEDOFSENTENCESTRUCTUREARRANGEMENTANDPEOPLECANCHANGETHESENTENCEORDERFLEXIBLYTHEOPPOSITEIDEAISTHATWESTERNPEOPLEUSUALL
26、YSAYWHATISHAPPENINGRIGHTNOW,THENEXTISTHETHINGWHICHHAPPENEDINTHEPAST5MIKEDIDNOTREMEMBERHISGRANDMOTHERWHODIEDOFCANCERWHENHEWASTHREEYEARSOLDWHENWETRANSLATETHISSENTENCE,CHINESEPEOPLEUSUALLYFIRSTFOCUSONHISGRANDMOTHERSDEATH,ANDTHENCAUSESEFFECTMIKEDOESNTREMEMBERHERBUTTHEENGLISHSENTENCEISABSOLUTELYNOT,THEYU
27、SEDTHEPRINCIPLEOFRESULTANDCAUSEFROMTHISEXAMPLE,WECANEASILYGETTHECONCLUSIONTHATFORWARDTHINKINGANDREVERSETHINKINGHAVEALOTOFDIFFERENCESWHENINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATION6CHINESEPEOPLEUSUALLYSAY东南西北，WESTERNPEOPLEREARRANGETHEIRORDER北南东西，SOSOUTHEASTMEANS东南THISEXAMPLEFULLYDEMONSTRATESTHEDIFFERENCEOFFORWARDTHI
28、NKINGANDREVERSETHINKINGINECTRANSLATION7PASTEXPERIENCE，IFNOTFORGOTTEN,ISAGUIDEFORTHEFUTURE,LESSONSLEARNEDFROMTHE5PASTCANSERVEASAGUIDEONEINTHEFUTURE,ORLOOKINGBACK,IDONOTSEETHEANCIENTS,LOOKINGAHEAD,ICANTNOTSEETHEWISEONESTOCOME前不见古人,后不见来者ITSATYPICALEXAMPLETOEXPLAINTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENFORWARDTHINKINGANDR
29、EVERSETHINKINGPASTANDBACK,DONTUSETHEIRSOURCEMEANING,SOWESHOULDPUTFORWARDTHINKINGINTOREVERSETHINKINGINMOSTSITUATION3DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDTRANSLATIONPROBLEMS31DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDCHOICEOFWORDSAVERYCOMMONEXAMPLEINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATION,INTHEMOSTWESTERNCOUNTRIES,THEWORD“BACK”MEANSTHEPAST
30、,ANDTHEWORD“FORWARD”MEANSINTHEFUTURETHECHINESEWAYOFTHINKINGISTHEOTHERWAYROUNDBACKMEANSLATERON,ANDFORWARDMEANSBEFORESOWEALWAYSMAKEMISTAKESWHENWEAREINTRANSLATION8INTHISREGARDACHOREISTHEVERYOPPOSITEOFA“HAPPENING”THATSTRANGESORTOFEVENTWHICHAFEWYEARSBACKWASSOMUCHINFASHIONAHECKSCHERDOINGCHORESINTHISSENTEN
31、CE,WETENDTOTHINK“AFEWYEARSBACK”MEANSSOMEYEARSLATER,INFACT,ITMEANSSEVERALYEARSAGOASTHEOLDENGLISHSAYINGGOESWORDSDONOTHAVEMEANINGS,PEOPLEHAVEMEANINGSFORTHEWORDSEVERYWORDHASTHREEMEANINGS,THESTRUCTURALMEANINGS,THEREFERENTIALMEANINGSANDTHESITUATIONALMEANINGSINLINGUISTICS,THEMEANINGOFAWORDINCLUDESGRAMMATIC
32、ALMEANINGANDLEXICALMEANINGLEXICALMEANINGHASTWOPARTSTHEYARECONCEPTUALMEANINGANDCOGNITIVEMEANINGTHEFORMERISTHECENTEROFTHEMEANINGOFTHEWORD,ANDITINDICATESDEFINITELYTHEOBJECTCONCEPTUALMEANINGHASCOMPARATIVESTABILITY,SOITISALSOCALLEDREFERENTIALMEANINGCOGNITIVEMEANINGHASTHEMEANINGOFEMOTIONALCOLORITSHOWSEMOT
33、IONSANDATTITUDESTOTHECONTENTSTHATTHEWORDREFERSTOSOCOGNITIVEMEANINGISALSOCALLEDCONNOTATIVEMEANINGCULTURALCONNOTATIONCONTAINSCOGNITIVEMEANINGSANDCULTURALMEANINGSCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFAWORDREFERSTOTHECULTURALINFORMATIONTHATAWORDHASBEENGIVENBYTHESOCIETY,INCLUDINGTHEADDEDMEANINGORTHEIMPLIEDMEANINGGIVENBYT
34、HESOCIALBACKGROUND,ANDTHESPECIALFEELINGSCONVEYEDAMONGACERTAINSOCIALGROUPDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDVOCABULARYVIEWPOINTSLEADTODIFFERENCEINTRANSLATION6MANAGEMENTBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCESABOUTTHEMODESOFTHINKINGOFTHECHINESEANDENGLISH,UNIQUENATIONALTHINKINGISFORMEDTHESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFTHETHINKING
35、LEADPEOPLETOGIVETHESAMEORDIFFERENTEMOTIONANDASSOCIATIONTOWARDSTHESAMEOBJECTSOACCORDINGTOTHEAPPEARANCESANDHABITSOFTHETHINKING,DIFFERENTWORDSCANHAVETHESAMEORSIMILARCONNOTATION,ANDTHESAMEWORDMAYHAVETOTALLYDIFFERENTMEANINGSINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONTHEREAREMANYOTHEREXAMPLESTOREFLECTTHISPHENOMENON9ATENP
36、ERCENTDISCOUNT（九折）BECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKING,ENGLISHPEOPLEUSUALLYFOCUSONTHEPRECEPTOFDISCOUNTWHILECHINESEPEOPLEMAYFOCUSONACTUALPAYMENTPROPORTIONAFTERGIVINGADISCOUNT10BLACKTEA红茶，NOTREDTEA11CHINESEPEOPLESAY大雪WESTERNPEOPLEUSEHEAVYSNOWRATHERTHANBIGSNOW12IAMGOINGTOCATCHTHEFIRSTTRAINBACKTOBEIJING
37、我打算乘下一趟火车回北京OBVIOUSLYTHEFIRSTTRAINHEREWASTRANSLATEDEQUALLYTOTHEMEANINGOFTHENEXTTRAIN13GREENEYE红眼,SKINDEEP肤浅,STANDINGCLOCK座钟,WARMCLOTHES寒衣、冬装,WETPAINT油漆未干MANYOFTHEWORDSUSEDINTHESEEXAMPLESISTHEOPPOSITEWAYOFOURCHINESEUSAGEIFWEFOLLOWOUROWNTHINKINGHABITSINTRANSLATION,ITWILLNOTAPPEARAGOODTRANSLATIONEFFECT
38、14HEHADLEFTANOTEOFWELCOMEFORME,ASSUNNYASHISFACE,HERETHEEXACTMEANINGOFSUNNYIS热情洋溢15THENEWFATHERWOREAPROUDSMILE刚做了父亲的那个人面带得意的笑容16ITWASANOLDANDRAGGEDMOON那是一个又老又破的月亮F这是一弯下弦残月（T）17LASTNIGHTIHEARDHIMDRIVINGHISPIGSTOMARKET昨夜我听见他把他的猪赶到市场F,昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷TSOWHENINTRANSLATION,WESHOULDPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHEDIFFERENT
39、VOCABULARYVIEWPOINTSONEPOINTSHOULDBEMADECLEARTHATTRANSLATIONISNOTWORDFORWORDTRANSLATIONWECANNOTJUSTSTOPATTHESURFACEMEANINGOFAWORDORASENTENCEWESHOULDRECOGNIZETHAT7DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGMAYLEADTOTHEDIFFERENTCHOICEOFWORDSINMANYCASES,WEAREUNABLETOTRANSLATEENGLISHINTOCHINESEBYITSLITERALMEANINGWENEEDTOC
40、ONSIDERDIFFERENTWAYSOFTHINKINGBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNTOAVOIDMISTAKESTHEPURPOSEOFTRANSLATIONISTOCOMMUNICATEWITHOTHERPEOPLEFROMALLAROUNDTHEWORLD,SOWEAREALSOCALLEDCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATION32DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDEXPRESSIONSTRUCTURESATERMUSEDTOREFERTOANYAPPROACHWHICHVIEWSTRANSLATIONASA“COMMUNICATIV
41、EPROCESSWHICHTAKESPLACEWITHINASOCIALCONTEXT”HATIMANDMASON19903,EMPHASISREMOVEDOBVIOUSLY,ALLAPPROACHESWILLTOSOMEEXTENTCONSIDERTRANSLATIONASCOMMUNICATIONHOWEVER,ASOCALLEDCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONWILLTYPICALLYBEGENERALLYORIENTEDTOWARDSTHENEEDOFTHEREADERORRECIPIENTTHUSFOREXAMPLEATRANSLATORWHOISTRANSLATIN
42、GCOMMUNICATIVELYWILLTREATMODESOFTHINKINGASAMESSAGERATHERTHANAMERESTRINGOFLINGUISTICUNITSDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDEXPRESSIONSTRUCTURESMAKETHEARTICLETOBEINFLEXIBLEANDDEFECTIVEEVENFAULTTHEREARETWOWAYSTOEXPRESSONETHINGPOSITIVEANDNEGATION,NEGATIONREFERSTOTHETRANSLATIONOFPOSITIVEEXPRESSIONSINENGLISHASNE
43、GATIVEEXPRESSIONSINCHINESEORTHETRANSLATIONOFNEGATIVEEXPRESSIONSINENGLISHASPOSITIVEEXPRESSIONSINCHINESE,ORVICEVERSAITSPURPOSEISTOBETTERANDMOREFAITHFULLYCONVEYTHEORIGINALMEANINGINTHETARGETLANGUAGEBUTUNDERTHEINFLUENCEOFCHINESEANDWESTERNMODESOFTHINKING,THEPOSITIVEFORMOFONELANGUAGEUSUALLYEQUALTOTHENEGATI
44、VEFORMOFANOTHERLANGUAGE18HEISTHELASTMANTOREACHTHERE他绝不是会去那里的人19ASIMPLEEXAMPLE,DONTYOUWANTTOGOYES,IDO不，我想，NO,IDONT是的，我不想20ANOTHEREXAMPLETHECOLLEGESTUDENTCAUGHTCHEATINGDOESNOTEVENBLUSHHESHRUGSHISSHOULDERSANDCOMMENTSEVERYBODYDOESIT,ANDBESIDES,ICANTSEETHATITREALLYHURTSANYBODYJKRUTCH“THENEWIMMORALITYICAN
45、TSEETHATITREALLYHURTSANYBODY我不认为这会损害任何人F,我看这实在不会损害任何人（T）21THEDOUBTWASSTILLUNSOLVEDAFTERHISREPEATEDEXPLANATION8虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在22THESOLDIERSWOULDRATHERFIGHTTODEATHBEFORETHEYSURRENDERED士兵宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。23HEISAGOODRIDDANCE他还是不在场的好IFWENEGLECTTHEDIFFERENCESINTHINKINGSTYLE,ITWILLINEVITABLYLEADTOAMBIGUOUSSENTEN
46、CESMOSTCHINESELANGUAGEBEGINNINGWITHTHEMERATHERTHANSUBJECT,THENGIVEACOMMENTTOTHETHEME,BUTEVERYENGLISHSENTENCEHASITSSUBJECTANDOBJECT,ANDTHESUBJECTSHOULDBENOMINALTHEREAREMANYENGLISHSENTENCESWITHSTRUCTURALINVERSION,INOURTRANSLATIONOFTHOSEENGLISHSENTENCESTHEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGISTOADJUSTTHESENTENCESTRUCTUR
47、E24HOWBEAUTIFULTHISCITYIS这城市好美啊25NOTAWORDDIDHESAY他一言不发FORSOMEENGLISHSENTENCES,SPEAKINGITIMPLICATIVELYANDINDIRECTLY,CHINESESENTENCESAREVERYSTRAIGHTFORWARD26THISISTHELASTPLACEWHEREIEXPECTEDTOMEETYOU我怎么也没有想到会在这个地方见到你27IHAVEREADYOURARTICLESIEXPECTEDTOMEETANOLDERMAN看过你的文章，想不到你这么年轻INTHISSENTENCE,ANOLDERMA
48、NISANINDIRECTLYWAYTOGIVEPRAISETOTHEARTICLES33DIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKINGANDWORDSORDERGENERALLYSPEAKING,CHINESEWORDSORDERISMORESTABLETHANENGLISHBECAUSEOFDIFFERENTGEOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENTS，TRADITIONALHABITS，VALUEORIENTATIONSANDWAYSOFPERCEPTION，THECONNOTATIONSOFWORDSINENGLISHDOESNOTNECESSARILYCOINCIDEWITHT
49、HOSEINCHINESE,SOENGLISHWORDSORDERHASAFIXEDSIDEASWELLASAFLEXIBLESIDE28FOREXAMPLEWECANSAY”THETRAINHADLEFTWHENIREACHEDTHESTATION”ANOTHERWORDSORDERALSOCANEXPRESSTHEMEANINGOFTHISSENTENCE”WHENIREACHEDTHESTATION,THE9TRAINHADLEFT”BECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENTMODESOFTHINKING,THEREAREMANYDIFFERENCESEXISTINTHETRANSLATIONPROCESSWHENWETRANSLATEENGLISHINTOCHINESE,WEHAVEACOMMONMISTAKEBASEDONTHESOURCELANGUAGEWORDSORDERIFWEDOLIKETHIS,MANYENGLISHSENTENCESAFTERBEINGTRANSLATEDINTOCHINESEWILLLOSEITSORIGINALMEANING,EVENDONOTMEATTHECHINESEWAYOFTHINKING331THEPRINCIPLEOFTEMPORALSEQUENCETHISORDERSUGGESTSTHATI
