1、 本科毕业论文 （ 20 届） 英语 模糊限制语视角下的女性话语特征分析 Analysis of Characteristics of Female Utterance from the Prospective of Hedges 诚 信 声 明 我声明，所呈交的论文 (设计 )是本人在老师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我查证，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文 (设计 )中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。 我承诺，论文 (设计 )中的所有内容均真实、可信。 论文 (设计 )作者签名： 签名日期： 年 月 日 授
2、 权 声 明 学校有权保留送交论文（设计）的原件，允许论文（设计）被查阅和借阅，学校可以公布论文（设计）的全部或部分内容，可以影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文（设计），学校必须严格按照授权对论文 (设计 )进行处理，不得超越授权对论文（设计）进行任意处置。 论文 (设计 )作者签名： 签名日期： 年 月 日I 摘 要 作为模糊语言家族的一个组成部分，模糊限制语是其中最普遍、最典型的、最具研究价值的语言现象。研究表明，与男性相比，女性更倾向于高频率地使用模糊限制语，因此，模糊限制语已成为女性话语的一个重要特征。本文首先以2009 年， 2010 年奥斯卡奖项以及 2010 年 MTV 这三场国际
3、性影视颁奖典礼上女性获奖感言为语料，着重分析获奖感言中女性使用模糊限制语的原因：生理因素，心理因素，言语话题需要，工作性质，探究模糊限制语在女性话语中的语用功能，合理地使用模糊限制语可以使得会话更加精确，同时展示说话人的礼貌，保护自我，展示自我， 使读者了解到模糊限制语在女性话语中发挥着不可忽视的意义。 关键词： 模糊限制语 ; 女性话语 ; 原因 ; 语用功能 II Abstract As a part of the fuzzy language, hedges are the most common, typical, and of most worthy researching in a
4、ll of the language phenomena. It shows that female, compared with male, tend to make use of hedges frequently. Therefore, hedges have become a distinguishing feature in the female utterance. Based on the females speech on several award presentation ceremonies of international film and television cir
5、cles, this thesis emphatically looks into the factors of hedges in the female utterance, namely physiological factor, psychological factor, the factor of utterance topic, and the factor of working environment, analyzes the pragmatic functions of hedges in the female utterance .The appropriate use of
6、 hedge in female utterance is able to achieve the relative precision of communication, show courtesy, protect herself and present herself, which makes readers aware of the hedges greater influence in the female utterance. Key Words: hedges; female utterance; factors; pragmatic functions III Contents
7、 1. Introduction .1 2. Hedges .2 2.1 The Definition of Hedges 2 2.2 The Classification of Hedges .2 2.3 The Structure of Hedges .3 3. Analysis of Material .4 4. The Factors for Hedges Used Frequently in Female Utterance .5 4.1 Physiological Factor .6 4.2 Psychological Factor .6 4.3 The Factor of Utt
8、erance Topic . 7 4.4 The Factor of Working Environment 8 5. The Pragmatic Functions of Hedges .9 5.1 The Relative Precision of Communication .9 5.2 Showing Courtesy .10 5.3 Self-protection like some suffixes ish, -likely, -ly , once they are added to words, these words may become hedges; some words
9、indicate speakers hesitation or uncertainty, acting as adverbials of manner or adverbials of degree; when someone expresses oneself, he /she makes use of sentence structure in order to show more polite. Kasper (1981) regarded hedges as downgrader: face marker, such as please, could; understater, lik
10、e a little; subjectivizer,like im afraid; downtoner, such as probably , maybe; cajoler, like you know; appealer, like right; hesitation marker, like well; limiter, like this weekend. In our country, according to He Zirans research, hedges consist of approximations and shields. From the board semanti
11、c characters, Chen Linhua (1994) divides hedges into five types: degree, range, quality, quantity and manner. Semantic hedges and pragmatic hedges under the degree of hedges depending on contexts make 3 up of hedges proposed by Gao Xiaofang and Zhang Qin. Whats more, Zhao Yinglin classifies hedges o
12、f science and technology language into three parts: accuracy-oriented hedges, author-oriented hedges and reader-oriented hedges in accordance with hedges functions and restrictive range. However, so far the most influential and widely recognized one is proposed by E. F. Prince and his colleagues, J.
13、 Frader and C. Bosk from the point of pragmatics. Adaptors Approximators Rounders Hedges Plausibility shields Shields Attribution shields 2.3 The structure of hedges Approximators can alter the original meaning of discourse structure, or make some changes of the original words to some extend based o
14、n the practical situation, or give a fluctuating range to the original words. Adaptors are those that can reveal the true extent of differences in discourse, while rounders are those that limit fluctuating range. On the contrary, shields dont change the original meaning of discourse structure. It is
15、 just addition of an explanation which makes original affirmative tone towards relaxation. Plausibility are those speakers pluzz or doubt the theme, while shields shows speakers uncertainty of the theme, but it borrows the third persons opinion in order to express oneself indirectly. 4 Hedges Approx
16、imators Shields Adaptors Rounders Plausibility Attribution Kind of Sort of A little bit Really Somewhat Very Quite Almost Just Commonly In a sense More or less Especially Much Slightly Highly To some extent About Around Roughly approximately Over Something between A lot of Or so At most At least Man
17、y Seldom Several Most Sometimes Strictly speaking Virtually Regular Practically Actually Technically In some aspects Relatively essentially Less than/more than I think I believe I guess I suppose I suspect I wonder I hope I know Hard to say As far as I can tell As far as I know Probably Seem Maybe I
18、m afraid Sb. says that According to sb . The probability would be It is said that As its well known, Presumably It is assumed that You know It is believed It is reported It seems 3 Analysis of Material This paper collects the females speech on the ceremony of 20092010 Oscar and 2010 MTV and analyzes hedges among these materials. Relatively speaking, these prizes are enjoying a high reputation all the times, a reflection American films development, even having great effect on many countries art in the world. Hence, annual award ceremony is considerably holy in numerous movie lovers heart.
