1、 外文翻译 原文 Entrepreneurial success should possess skills Material Source: Entrepreneurship 5 Entrepreneurship is a long process, a good manager will know how to carry out enterprise management, own first a connoisseur. Many people regard the success of others as opportunity. Opportunities will come to
2、 only prepared, so-called include: the accumulation of knowledge and thinking method of preparation. Society quite part of entrepreneurs, very hard, the method with the more primitive ventures, all the day be capital, market, competition and some other enterprise management elements, torture, losing
3、 Entrepreneurship personal shoulder many different hats, size matters, because the hands-on, the enterprise internal management is often loopholes, no personal participation of words, will go wrong. So, most of them work in the labor work, rather than brainpower and intelligence work. If you are rea
4、dy for entrepreneurship and business for a good enterprise, you certainly dont want some of the step after previous traversed, whether you already have the following ability or skills? 1. have oneself life planning objectives of the ability of his own life, positioning is very clear, the ultimate go
5、al is what, target segment and refinement, and can develop projects, such as: 20, 30, 40 years old. 80, 90 years old, 100 years old; Planning, operation, management, to achieve their life goals, let oneself social contribution maximization, is our pursuit of the most meaningful goals. 2. decision-ma
6、king, have tradeoffs drive and ability. In a fast-changing market competition, have decisive decision-making ability, it is managers wisdom and counsel and guts crystallization. When making decisions, in a goal and requirements managers have tradeoffs between another. Satisfaction are established on
7、 the decision to fully realistic conditions based on the analysis of the risk and choose a smaller, more satisfied the decision is target scheme combined with advanced practical gravitas. 3. Has the ability of program management. When people have to meet certain expectations, often do not calculate
8、will pay cost, often by psychological feeling, has a great scheme but no small plan, dry, and where calculate where the cost of pay a big offset the benefits. Managers make all decision-making, must first planning, implementing, because the world is changing, the environment is changing, the idea of
9、 people also in changes, scientifically use project management, enterprise can only be based on and long-term development. 4. Has the ability of management information. Information management is the enterprise management activities, one of the important contents of timely and accurate information on
10、ly to the requester hands to work, enterprises management system, the greater the structure of information and the more complex, more intense desire it. Any organization to form a unified will, unified the pace, between each element must be mutual information accurately and rapidly. Managers of the
11、enterprise, to effectively control and management from organization must rely on outside of all kinds of information. Information, like talents, raw materials and energy as the enterprises survival and development, as an important resource, is the enterprise management activities unfold premise, whi
12、ch all management activities are inseparable from information, all effective management are inseparable from information management. 5. By its financial analysis, comparison program quality ability. Many entrepreneurs or enterprise managers have to finance business decision-making, analysis of proje
13、cts, leading companies blindly capital turnover of difficulty, operating mess up even bankruptcy. 6. Has the use of financial leverage and determine the fulcrum ability. The startups (manufacturing enterprises as the main), founder usually meet this two kinds of problems, the first, how much capital
14、 investment, how and forming production and sales volume, just can make the enterprise profit; Second, given the amount of capital demand, yourself out how many money, how many money, borrowed again can make the enterprises economic value. Solve these two problems, it is an enterprise managers to id
15、entify enterprise lever fulcrum in the decision-making process, the fulcrum of good, leverage to determine the greater benefit. Financial management use lever goal is: in the control enterprises on the basis of overall risk, the low price gain higher returns. 7. Reading and analyzing financial state
16、ments technology and capability. Is the enterprise managers of a basic capability, the enterprise into a financial big dilemma; a day Financial downfall is a gradual process, may be long or short, but all the signs, all clearly present in financial statements. Enterprise managers or investors, like
17、can through reading and analyzing financial statements from enterprise management operations, the obvious flaw, even found potential hidden dangers and make timely judgment and decision, execute the corresponding measures, will effectively prevent it. 8. Project management skills. Project management
18、 is to help enterprise processing need to solve complex problems across fields, and achieve higher operating efficiency. Enterprise operating in, often need to cut through large project, project management, can greatly improve the efficiency. 9. Have business negotiation skills. Managers of the worl
19、d are a negotiation table, negotiation behavior is a very complex human communication behavior, it is accompanied by the words of the negotiators interaction, the interaction and psychological aspects, multidimensional interaction between the intricate contacts. Through the business negotiation rece
20、ived benefits, enterprises are net profits of enterprise management, negotiation is important in a profit area. 10. And the ability of the enterprise crisis has processing. When enterprise dealing with public or customer related major accident, in dealing with these major accidents are taken attitud
21、e and decision-making in the face of the crisis, enterprise are taken different attitude and methods for shaping a good corporate image will produce a throw off the final collimation effect. Enterprise business operations of the small accident or accident will quickly be expanded to national, even g
22、reater range than thunderbolt, produce their ears the deterioration of the consequences. 11. Has the good social skills. Good interpersonal skills, can not only give life bring happiness, and can help others to succeed, social ability is an important ability to human survival. A person with assorts,
23、 content with group of points. Now society successful entrepreneur majority is 50 or 60 people after, they have already passed the entrepreneurship and enterprise managements original stage, have educational background, experienced, and has the resources, and blend in their circle, will have their a
24、bility to make friends, to his investment, including won from inside to outside, manners, connotation of change, etc. 12. Good attitude, achievement big business! This is the ability of enterprise manager necessary and accomplishment. Managers of the enterprise is psychological core, the world for o
25、neself, plus the responsibility of entrepreneurs to go15, stable, good state of mind, it is usually the result of uniting individual. Long-term since, entrepreneurial were scholars and the authors use the following terms definition: novel, innovative and flexible, energetic, creative, and able to ta
26、ke risks. Some scholars say, entrepreneurial include creating value, create and operate a new enterprise process, through individual or a group established companies, to provide investment in new product or service, and consciously creation value process; Another about entrepreneurship is defined as
27、 creating different one kind of value process, this value creation need to invest necessary time and pay some efforts, bear the corresponding finance, psychological and social risk, and can in money and personal achievement aspects rewarded. Today quite a total score aspiring young, fresh out of col
28、lege hope and take an active part in freewheeling startup, all kinds of training in society, will own goal one day writing 10 times, stick on the wall always encourage themselves, these psychological motivation is important, but in social this big stage the competition is ability, is skill, and it i
29、s not just the enthusiasm. Sharpening will not delay your job of reactive power, if not ready, please add oil, and you will be arranged for a limited time, fundamental to enhance the ability to come up, to establish personal core competitiveness, and only dream and dream is reach a goal, dont have t
30、he ability to venture, the society will again many a loser. 译文 创业成功者应具备技能 资料来源 : Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 作者： Steven C. Michael 创业是创办自己的一个组织，自己必先是一个领导者，一个管理者。领导者有五级，没有人能一步登上五级之颠的；创业是一漫长过程，一个优秀的管理者要懂得如何进行企业管理，自己首先是一内行。 很多人把别人的成功看成机遇。机遇只降临给有准备的人，所谓的准备包括：知识的累积和思维方法的准备。社会上相当一部分的企业家们，非常辛苦地
31、、用较原始的方法经营企业，整天被资金、市场、竞争等一些企业管理要素，折磨的寝食难安；企业家本人身肩数职，大小事务亲力亲为，因为，企业的内部管理常是漏洞百出，不亲自参与的话，就会出差错。所以，他们大部分从事的是劳力工作，而不是脑力和智慧工作。如果你正准备进行创业及经营好一个企业，你一定不希望步前人的一些后辙，成为一名优秀的企业管理者，你是否已具备了以下 的 能力或技能？ 1、具有自己人生规划目标的能力，对自己人生的定位很明确，最终目标是什么，目标进行分段和细化，并能制定出实施的计划，如： 20 岁、 30 岁、 40岁 80 岁、 90 岁、 100 岁；规划、经营、管理、实现自己的人生目标，让
32、自己对社会的贡献最大化，是我们追求的最有意义目标。 2、决策时，具有权衡取舍的魄力和能力。在瞬息万变市场的竞争中，有果断做出决策的能力，这是管理者们智慧与谋略及胆量的结晶。当作出决策时，要求管理者在一个目标与另一个目标之间有所取舍。满意决策是建立在以对现实条件的充分分析的基础上，选择一种风险较小、较为满意目标方案的决策，是现实性与先进性结合的明智之举。 3、具有计划管理的能力。当人们要满足某种期望时，往往不计算将要付出的成本，常常凭心理感觉 ，有了大方案却没有小计划，干到哪里算哪里，因而付出了大的成本冲减了效益。管理者做出一切决策时，一定要先计划、后实施，因为世界在变，环境在变，人们的观念也在
33、变，科学地运用计划管理，企业才可立足及长远发展。 4、具有管理信息的能力。信息管理是企业管理活动的一项重要内容，信息只有及时准确地送到需要者的手中才能发挥作用，企业的管理系统越大，结构就越是复杂，对信息的渴求就越加强烈。任何一个组织要形成统一的意志，统一的步调，各要素之间必须能够准确快速地相互传递信息。管理者们对企业的有效控制和管理，都必须依靠来自组织内外 的各种信息。信息，如同人才、原料和能源一样，视为企业生存发展的重要资源，是企业管理活动赖以展开的前提，一切管理活动都离不开信息，一切有效的管理都离不开信息的管理。 5、具有通过理财的分析，比较项目的优劣的能力。很多创业者或企业管理者没有能过
34、理财分析进行经营决策，因项目盲目上马，导致企业资金周转的困难，经营运作陷入困境甚至于破产。 6、具有运用财务杠杆和确定支点的能力。初创企业之时（制造业企业为主要），创始人通常会遇到这样两类问题，第一，需要多少资金投入，以及形成多大 的产量和销量，才可以使企业盈利；第二，在既定的资金需求金额下，自己出多少钱，再借入多少钱，能够使企业的经济价值最大。解决这两个问题的过程，就是企业管理者怎样确定企业杠杆支点的决策过程，支点确定的好，杠杆效益就越大。财务管理利用杠杆的目标是：在控制企业总风险的基础上，以较低的代价获得较高的收益。 7、具有阅读和分析财务报表的技术和能力。是企业管理者们的一项基本功力，企
35、业陷入财务大困境，非一日之事；财务衰败是个渐变的过程，可长可短，但所有迹象，无不清晰地呈现在财务报表上。企业管理者或投资者，如能通过阅读和分析财 务报表，得出企业管理运作方面的明显缺陷，甚至发现潜在的隐患，及时做出判断和决策，实行相应的措施，将有效地防患于未然。 8、具有项目管理的能力。项目管理是帮助企业处理需要跨领域解决的复杂问题，并实现更高的运营效率。企业经营运作之中，经常需要将大项目进行切割，通过项目管理，可大大地提高效率。 9、具备商务谈判的能力。管理者的世界是张谈判桌，谈判行为是一项很复杂的人类交际行为，它伴随着谈判者的言语互动、行为互动和心理互动等多方面、多维度的错综交往。通过商务
36、谈判所获得的效益，都是企业的纯利润，谈判是企业经营管理中重 要的一个利润区。 10、具有处理企业危机的能力。当企业面对与社会大众或顾客有关的重大事故，在处理这些重大事故时所采取的态度和决策，企业在面对危机时所采取的不同的态度和方法，对塑造良好的企业形象将会产生差之毫厘，谬以千里的效果。企业经营运作中的一个小小的意外或者事故就会迅速被扩大到全国、甚至更大的范围内，产生掩耳不及迅雷的恶化后果。 11、具有良好的社会交往能力。良好的人际关系，不仅能给人生带来快乐，而且能助人走向成功，社交能力是人类生存的重要能力。人以类聚，物以群分。现社会上成功的企业家多数是 50 后、 60 后 的人，他们已渡过了
37、创业、企业经营的原始阶段，有学历、有经验、有资源，要融入他们的圈子，就要具备他们的能力，广交朋友，舍得对自己投资，包括从内至外的，言谈举止、内涵方面的改变等。 12、好心态，成就大事业！这是企业管理者必备的能力和素养。企业管理者是企业的心理核心，天下大任为己任，企业家们的责任任重而道远，稳定、良好的心态，这是个人平时修炼的结果。 长期以来，创业都被学者和作者们用下列的术语进行定义：新颖的、创新的、灵活的、有活力的、有创造性的，以及能承担风险的。一些学者说，创业包括创造价值、创建并经营一家新 的营利型企业的过程，通过个人或一个群体投资组建公司，来提供新产品或服务，以及有意识地创造价值的过程；另一个关于创业的定义是：创造不同的价值的一种过程，这种价值的创造需要投入必要的时间和付出一定的努力，承担相应的金融、心理和社会风险，并能在金钱上和个人成就感方面得到回报。 现今相当一总分有志青年、刚毕业的大学生希望自主创业，并积极参加社会上的各类培训，将自己的目标一天写 10 遍，贴在墙上时时鼓励自己等，这些心理激励固然重要，但在社会这个大舞台上比拼的是能力、是技巧，而并非仅仅是热情。总之，欲创业者，应慎而又慎。 磨刀不误砍柴功，如还没准备好，请再加油，并将自己有限的时间安排好，基础能力提升上来，建立个人的核心竞争力，只梦想和空想是达不成目标的，不具备能力就去创业，社会上就会又多一个失败者。
