1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）想象竞合犯研究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 刑 法 学 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 中 国 刑 法 与 经 济 刑 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2想象竞合犯研究（硕士论文摘要）法律属于人类的文化现象，法律规范不可避免地会带有价值评判的烙印。自从立法者制定规范以来，其便将自己的价值评判贯彻于规范之中，从形而下的司法层面来看，法律规定是对客体的唯一评价标准，客观行为便是评价的客体。所以，想象竞合犯中的行为成为我们探讨的第一个问题，可以说，想象竞合犯的一个犯罪行为是规范评价的结果，是从自然行为到犯罪行为的司法判断的结果。行为是我们探讨想象竞合犯的出发点。在
2、刑法理论中，行为论一直是争议较多的一处，其实从自然行为到犯罪行为，是一个动态的入罪发展过程。正是从刑法中的行为出发，本文借鉴竞合论中的理论内涵，对我国罪数划分标准作了相关探讨。本文的写作脉络是先明确刑法中的行为，继而以行为为划分罪数的标准，进一步厘定想象竞合犯中有争议的具体问题，并着重指出想象竞合犯应当为实质的一罪，对其处罚的原则是从一从重。笔者的动机在于吸收域外刑法学中的合理成分，从规范的角度，即价值评判的角度来研究罪数问题，而罪数论中最能反映论者基本立场之处，便在于如何看待想象竞合犯。故而，对想象竞合犯的探讨，能够起到提纲挈领的作用。想象竞合犯中的具体问题包括：想象竞合犯的内涵、成立范围、
3、其与禁止重复评价原则之间的关系、想象竞合犯的处罚原则，想象竞合犯与法条竞合犯、连续犯之间的关系。前四个问题是有关想象竞合犯的内在结构的问题，后两个问题是其与其他犯罪形态之间关系的问题。通过对想象竞合犯的内在结构研究，笔者发现想象竞合犯与其他犯罪形态的最大的不同，在于其仅有一个犯罪行为但却造成了多个侵害结果或者危险结果，而问题的核心在于说明什么是一个犯罪行为。笔者于上篇中提出，行为是划分罪数的标准，并且这里的行为是指经过法律规范评价的行为，法律规范是确定行为单复的标准，即此处的行为应当是法律意义上的行为而非自然意义上的行为。从这一理论基础出发，可以将想象竞合犯与其他犯罪形态区别开来。本文共分为上
4、篇与下篇两篇。上篇，主要探讨刑法中行为的法哲学基础以及作为划分罪数标准的行为的内涵。此篇共分三节。3第一节，主要对行为的哲学基础作了相关论述，其理论脉络在于运用康德哲学中的时空观与语言哲学中的“沟通行为理性” ，对行为的量化问题、时空性问题以及行为的可描述性问题作了相关研究。第二节，本节采取新康德法学派的理论立场，将行为划分为评价之前的行为，即自然、客观的行为，与经过评价之后的行为，即危害行为。并且指出，两个行为于行为论中并不冲突，它们是一个司法评判由形式到实质的过程。两个行为各有不同的功能。第三节，本节将罪数论定位于法律效果之中，故而对罪数的研究是承接犯罪论与刑罚论的中间地带，其不仅可以指导
5、定罪，也可以指导量刑。对于区别罪数的标准，笔者借鉴德国竞合论中对行为单复的划分，认为单数行为与犯罪单数、行为复数与犯罪复数存在着对应关系。并且将法律规范作为评判行为单复的标准，提出了七种单数行为。下篇，主要论述想象竞合犯所涉及的具体问题。此篇分为四节。第一节，探讨想象竞合犯的内在结构。此节分别对想象竞合犯的概念、内涵、成立范围做了界定。尤其是想象竞合犯与禁止重复评价原则的关系问题，笔者认为应当在评价行为时首先坚持禁止重复评价原则，在全面评价与禁止重复评价这一对矛盾冲突中，应当选择后者而非前者。第二节，论述想象竞合犯的处罚原则。通过对众多处罚原则的相互比较，笔者认为对想象竞合犯采取从一从重的处罚
6、原则是适当的。以上两节是对想象竞合犯自身相关理论问题的研究。第三节，本节论述了想象竞合犯与法条竞合犯的关联与区别。想象竞合犯与法条竞合犯的关系是研究的重点。本节从分析法条竞合犯入手，对法条竞合犯中法条间关系的分类做了相关厘定，在论述二者之间关联的同时，比较了二者的区别。第四节，本节论述想象竞合犯与连续犯的关联与区别。主张将原归于连续犯中的一部分犯罪形态划入接续犯的范畴，将剩下的犯罪形态归为数罪，对其数罪并罚。4关键词 刑法中的行为 想象竞合犯 竞合论 法条竞合犯 1Research on the Imaginative joinder of offences(Abstract of Thesi
7、s for Master of Law)Belong to the legal situation of human culture, legal norms will inevitably judge the value of the brand with. Since the norm since the law has been designated, the value of its own judges will implement the norms, and the administration of justice from the physics point of view,
8、 the object of the law are the only evaluation criteria, the objective is to evaluate the behavior of the object. Therefore, in the conduct of imaginative joinder of offences us to explore the first question, it can be said to commit a criminal act of imaginative joinder of offences norms are the ou
9、tcome of the evaluation is a natural behavior from criminal behavior to determine the outcome of the administration of justice. imaginative joinder of offences acts are our starting point to explore. In criminal law theory, behavior theory has always been a controversial one, in fact, from the natur
10、al behavior to criminal acts, is a dynamic process of development into the crime. It is starting from the act, this article draw on competing theories of content, the number of crimes against our country were related to explore the criteria for the classification. Context of the writing of this arti
11、cle is to clear the conduct of criminal law, and then to act for the division of the crime of a few standards, and further determined the specific imaginative joinder of offences controversial questions, and stressed that the substance should be imaginative joinder of offences one of the crimes of t
12、heir punishment is harsh one. The authors motive is to absorb the extra-territorial criminal law in a reasonable composition, from the normative point of view, that is the point of view of the value of evaluation to study the number of crimes, and crimes in the number of those who best reflects the
13、basic position, then how is imaginative joinder of offences. Therefore, to explore the imaginative joinder of offences, be able to play the role of a manner. Imaginative joinder of offences specific issues include: the meaning of imaginative joinder of offences, the establishment of the scope of its
14、 relationship with the principle of the prohibition of duplicate evaluation of the relationship between the principle of punishment imaginative joinder of offences, imaginative joinder of 2offences and committed offences of the law of criminal conflict, for offenders, the relationship between the le
15、gal fiction. The first four questions are related to the internal structure o imaginative joinder of offences problem, the latter three with the other questions are the relationship between the crime problem. Imaginative joinder of offences the inherent structure of the research, I found with other
16、forms of crime The biggest difference lies in only one criminal act caused by a number of violations or dangerous results, and the core of the problem lies in what are a criminal act. I was raised on articles, acts of crimes are divided into a number of criteria, and here refers to the act of evalua
17、tion after the conduct of legal norms, legal norms of conduct are a few of the standard, that is, the behavior here should be on the legal significance of the act unnatural acts of sense. Starting from the foundation of this theory can be imaginative joinder of offences with other distinguished from
18、 the crime. This article is divided into two Part with the next. The former part, focused on acts of criminal law as well as the basic philosophy of the law division of the crime as the connotation of the number of standard behavior. View this consists of three sections. Section I, the main philosop
19、hy of the acts were relevant on the basis of its theoretical context is the use of Space and Time in Kants philosophy and language philosophy of “rational communication behavior“, to conduct a quantitative problem, the issue of time and space and language The problem can be made a descriptive study.
20、 Section II, this section to adopt a new law school of the theory of Kants position, will conduct the evaluation is divided into before the act, that is natural and objective behavior, and, after evaluation of the act, that is, against the acts. And pointed out that the behavior of the two acts do n
21、ot conflict, they are judged by a judicial process of the form to the substance. Two acts have different functions. Section III, this section will be the number of crimes targeted at the legal effect, and consider the number of crimes are to undertake the study of crime and the penalty on the middle
22、 ground, not only can guide the conviction, but also can guide the sentencing. The difference between the standard number of crimes, I learn from 3Germany competing in the act of the division of a single complex, consider the singular odd behavior and crime, and criminal acts of the plural there is
23、a correlation between the plural. Laws and regulations and will act as a single complex evaluation criteria, the seven odd behavior. Next, Imaginative joinder of offences focuses on the specific issues involved. View this is divided into four sections. Section I explore the internal structure of Ima
24、ginative joinder of offences. Respectively Imaginative joinder of offences this section the concept of connotation, defining the scope of the establishment. Imaginative joinder of offences in particular with the principle of prohibition of duplication of assessment of the relationship, I believe tha
25、t in the evaluation of conduct should be to uphold the ban on repeat evaluation of the first principle of the prohibition of duplication of a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the contradictions of the conflict, should opt for the latter not the former . Section II discusses the principle o
26、f punishment Imaginative joinder of offences. Punishment of the many principles of mutual comparison, I believe that Imaginative joinder of offences taken on from the principle of a heavy punishment is appropriate. More than two of their own Imaginative joinder of offences theoretical issues related
27、 to research. Section III, this section discusses the Imaginative joinder of offences with Offences of the law of conflict associated with the difference between criminals. Imaginative joinder of offences committed relationship with Offences of the law of conflict is the focus of the study. This sec
28、tion starting from the analysis Offences of the law of conflict guilty, guilty of Offences of the law of conflict be the relationship between China . Section IV, the section on Imaginative joinder of offences associated with the continuous and the difference between criminals. Committed advocate for
29、 the original attribution of part of the crime committed into the scope of follow-up, the remaining number of crimes to the crime, its Combined Punishment. 4Key words Of the Penal Code of Conduct；Offences of the law of conflict； Theory of the conflict；Imaginative joinder of offences 1目 录导 言 .1上篇 想象竞
30、合犯基础问题研究 .3第一节 行为的哲学基础 .3一、本体论与认识论中的“一” .4二、康德哲学中时空观的运用 .6三、语言哲学中行为的可描述性 .9第二节 一行为的法律基础 .11一、新康德法学派的理论启示 .11二、作为犯罪构成体系评价之前的行为 .13三、作为犯罪构成体系内的行为 .16四、两个行为的机能 .18第三节 行为与判断罪数标准的认定 .20一、罪数论的理论定位及罪数论中所讨论的一罪 .20二、判断罪数的标准行为标准说的提出 .22下篇 想象竞合犯具体问题研究 .29第一节 想象竞合犯的内在结构 .29一、想象竞合犯的立法规定与概念 .30二、想象竞合犯的内涵 .32三、想象竞合犯的范围界定 .36第二节 想象竞合犯的罪数实质及处罚原则 .40一、想象竞合犯与禁止重复评价原则 .41二、想象竞合犯的处罚原则 .44第三节 想象竞合犯与法条竞合犯 .48一、法条竞合犯与想象竞合犯的区别 .48二、法条竞合犯与想象竞合犯的关联 .50第四节 想象竞合犯与连续犯 .542一、连续犯概述 .54二、关于取消连续犯的相关探讨 .56结 语 .61参考文献 .62在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .67后 记 .68
