1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）刑事程序法失灵论姓 名学 科 、 专 业 诉 讼 法 学 （ 全 日 制 法 学 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 刑 事 诉 讼 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2刑事程序法失灵论（硕士论文摘要）权利的生命不在于颁布而在于救济，法律的生命不在于制定而在于实施。中国的刑事程序法在“搬运进来一部分国外的制度，借用了一部分国外的法理，把这些东西杂糅进自己的司法实践后，形成了中国现代的法制与法理”的基础上，迅速与世界接轨，实现了其跨越式发展。但驻足之后，人们却惊奇的发现“实践反对了理论” ，精心的刑事程序设计始终走不出在实践中被架空的困境。无论是因为我们没有意识到，还是由于大家不愿触及
2、，但“事实已经发生” ，在当前中国，刑事程序法在实践中确实失灵了。所谓的刑事程序法失灵是指一切与刑事诉讼有关的法律规范（主要是指刑事诉讼法，除却司法机关对具体应用刑事诉讼法所作的司法解释）在经由“纸面上的法律”转向实际生活当中的“活法”过程中失去效用或完全不起应有作用的异常法律现象。而这一事实的发生使得我们的法治建设面临着严峻的考验，历尽千辛万苦培养起来根基尚未牢固的法律观念、法治意识也有虚无化的趋势，这就使得我们解决这一棘手问题显得十分迫切。正如庞德所言， “在现代法律科学中，最重要的推进也许就是从以分析态度转向以功能性态度对待法律。 ”“着重点已经从戒律的内容转向实践中戒律的效力，从救济是
3、否存在转向为实现该戒律的设计目的而设立的救济能否获得以及是否有效。 ”目前，研究法律失灵的论文和专著为数不多，针对刑事程序法失灵的研究更是屈指可数，而且质量也很一般。本文拟对刑事程序法失灵进行系统研究，从对典型的失灵刑事诉讼法条的梳理入手，对其失灵的原因进行类型化提升，进而借助经济学、政治学、法社会学的相关原理寻求对策。文中既有对法条的微观而细致的分析，亦有对整个刑事诉讼模式的宏观研究；既有针对解决刑事程序失灵的具体对策，也有解决法律失灵乃至整个中国社会科学“失灵”的一般对策。本文除了导言和结语之外，分为四章进行。导言部分提出了刑事程序法失灵的现实严峻性、法律虚无性、解决的紧迫性，并详细论述了
4、写作本文目的和意义。文章在导言之后的第一章对刑事程序法失灵进行了概述，对法律失灵以及3刑事程序法失灵的概念进行了界定，并在对刑事程序失灵现象进行深刻批判的同时，认真思考了其带给我们的正面启示。第二章在对刑事诉讼法条进行详细梳理的基础上，对具有研究价值的典型的失灵刑事诉讼法条进行研究，并对这种“书面上的法律”转向“生活中的法律”出现异化的原因稍加阐述。第三章对刑事程序失灵的原因进行了类型化提升。文章没有止步于表面上的梳理和“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”式的分析，而是将刑事程序失灵的原因分为刑事程序法形成过程中、实施过程中以及超越于刑事程序法之外的三种类型，也为其他部门法律失灵的分析提供一种模型。第四章对
5、刑事程序失灵的对策进行了多视角研究。研究刑事程序失灵需要我们跳出刑事程序法本身，放在更为广阔的社会生活当中，从不同的视角去分析，进而借助各学科理论寻求破解之策。文章本部分既有对传统价值观念、路径依赖的破除，也有对宏观的刑事程序法及其适用中的微观制度设计进行的科学构建。文章结语部分提出，在整个中国社会科学都没能走向自主的宏观背景下，中国法学如何才能构建自己的理想图景？失灵现象仅仅存在于刑事程序部门法中，还是也存在于其他部门法中，抑或在整个社会科学领域都存在着？这都需要我们进行更加深入的思考。关键词 刑事程序法 失灵 类型化 多视角1Malfunction of the Criminal Proc
6、edural Law（Abstract of the Master Degree Dissertation）The right to life but is not the promulgation of relief, the law does not lie in the enactment of life lies in implementation. Chinas criminal procedural law in the “removal of foreign countries into the system, to borrow abroad, the legal part o
7、f the miscellaneous these things into their own judicial practice, the formation of modern Chinas rule of law and jurisprudence“ on the basis of the rapidly converging with the world, achieved its development by leaps and bounds. However, after stop, people are surprised to find “the practice of opp
8、osition to the theory“ criminal proceedings carefully designed can not get out in practice has always been the plight of pre-empted. Whether it is because we are not aware of, or as a result we do not want to touch, but “the facts have taken place“ in Chinas current criminal procedure law in practic
9、e is a failure. The so-called failure of the Criminal Procedure Act refers to all criminal proceedings related to laws and regulations (mainly refers to the Code of Criminal Procedure, with the exception of the judiciary on the specific application of the judicial interpretation of the Code of Crimi
10、nal Procedure) in through the “legal paper“ to the actual life of “Living Law“ course or complete loss of the effectiveness of the role of the anomaly can not be legal phenomenon. And the occurrence of the fact that the rule of law makes our faces a severe test, going through training with a lot of
11、hard work has not yet been solid legal foundation for the concept of the rule of law is also a trend toward nothingness, which allows us to solve this very difficult problem urgent. As Pound said, “In the modern legal science, perhaps the most important advance is the shift from the approach to anal
12、yze functional approach to law.“ “Focus has shifted from the precepts of the contents of the effectiveness of the practice of discipline, whether from relief shift for the realization of the existence of the discipline is designed to set up and whether relief can be effective. At present, the study
13、of law breaks down one of the few papers and monographs, the Code of Criminal Procedure for the study of failure is one of the few, but quality is also very general. In this paper, the failure of the criminal procedure law to carry 2out systematic research, from the failure of a typical start combin
14、g the Code of Criminal Procedure Article, the reasons for its failure to carry out the type of upgrade, and with economics, political science, sociology of law principles of the relevant solutions. Both the text of the law and the detailed micro-analysis, also to the entire criminal proceedings of t
15、he macro-model studies; both criminal proceedings for failure to resolve specific measures, but also the failure to resolve the legal and social sciences in China and the whole “out of“ the general response . Introduction and Conclusion In this paper, in addition to, the conduct is divided into four
16、 chapters. Raised in the introductory part of the Criminal Procedure Act grim reality of failure, the emptiness of the law to address the urgency and detail the purpose and significance of writing this article. After the article in the introductory chapter of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the fa
17、ilure to carry out a summary of the failure of the law, as well as failure of the criminal procedural law defines the concept and phenomenon of the failure of criminal procedure at the same time a critical depth, serious thought has been given us their positive inspiration. Chapter II of the Code of
18、 Criminal Procedure to conduct a detailed article based on the sort of research value with the failure of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the typical research article, and this kind of “legal writing“ to “life of the law“ the reasons for emergence of alienation a little on. Chapter III of the Crim
19、inal Procedure of the reasons for failure of the type of upgrade.The article does not stop at the surface of the card and a “stop-gap“ type of analysis, but the reasons for failure of the Criminal Procedure Code of Criminal Procedure is divided into the formation process, the implementation process
20、and beyond the law in criminal proceedings outside the three types, as well as other sectors of the legal analysis of the failure to provide a model.Chapter IV of the Criminal Procedure of the response to failure of a number of research perspectives. Study on failure of criminal procedure requires u
21、s to jump out of the Criminal Procedure Act itself, on a broader social life, from different angles to analyze and then use the theory to seek to break out. Articles in this section both the 3traditional values, get rid of the path-dependent, but also on the macro and the application of criminal pro
22、cedural law of the micro-system design, scientific structure.Conclusion part of the article, the social sciences in China as a whole failed to move toward the macro-context of autonomy, the Chinese how to build their own Law, the ideal scenario? Failure of the phenomenon only exists in the criminal
23、procedure law departments, or whether it also exists in other sectors of law, or in the social sciences there are? This will require us to conduct more in-depth thinking.Key Word Criminal Procedure Law Malfunction Categorization Various views1目 录绪 言 .1第一章 刑事程序法失灵概述 .3第一节 刑事程序法失灵概念界定 .3一、法律失灵 .3二、刑事程
24、序法失灵 .4第二节 刑事程序法失灵正负思考 .6一、负面影响 .6二、正面思考 .7第二章 刑事程序法失灵表现 .9第一节 总则 .9一、基本原则 .9二、管辖 .10三、回避 .10四、辩护 .11五、证据 .12六、强制措施 .13第二节 立案、侦查和提起公诉 .13一、立案 .13二、侦查 .14三、提起公诉 .152第三节 审判 .16一、审判组织 .16二、第一审程序 .16三、第二审程序 .17四、审判监督程序 .18第四节 执行 .18一、监外执行、缓刑 .18二、罚金刑 .19第三章 刑事程序法失灵原因之类型化提升 .20第一节 刑事程序法形成过程中的原因 .21一、立法力量间的博弈 .21二、没有足够的法条支撑 .22三、法律条文本身欠科学 .26四、成文法本身固有的缺陷 .29第二节 刑事程序法实施过程中的原因 .29一、执行中的异化 .30二、司法惯性 .30三、不合诉讼规律的考评机制 .31四、公安司法机关的办案习惯 .32第三节 超越刑事程序法 .33一、政府推进型法治化道路模式 .33二、 “西方冲击”研究范式 .34
