1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献原文THEAPPLICATIONOFECOMMERCEAMONGMALAYSIANSMALLMEDIUMENTERPRISESMATERIALSOURCEEUROPEANJOURNALOFSCIENTIFICRESEARCH,ISSN1450216XVOL41NO42010,PP590604AUTHORNORUDINMANSORABSTRACTTHERESEARCHPROJECTWASCONDUCTEDTOINVESTIGATETHEUNDERSTANDINGOFECOMMERCEAPPLICATIONAMONGTHESMESINONEOFTHESTATEINMA
2、LAYSIAFOCUSINGONTHEPOPULATIONOFREGISTEREDMEMBERSOFDEWANPERNIAGAANMELAYUMALAYSIA,KELANTAN,ATOTALOF302RESPONDENTSWERESELECTEDTOPARTICIPATEINOURSTUDYMOVINGINLINEWITHTHEGENERALASSUMPTIONOFWORLDBUSINESSCOMMUNITYITISAGREEDTHATECOMMERCEAPPLICATIONISHIGHLYRELEVANTFORTHESURVIVALANDMEETINGTHECHALLENGESOFBORDE
3、RLESSECONOMYATTHESAMETIME,THEPROCESSOFACQUIRINGKNOWLEDGEANDUNDERSTANDINGTHEENVIRONMENT,COPINGWITHCHANGES,ANDSPEEDINGUPTHEBUSINESSDECISION,ABLETOFURTHERENHANCETHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEOFTHESMESUSINGTHEESTABLISHEDMODEL,OURINVESTIGATIONFOCUSEDON5IDENTIFIABLEVARIABLESTODEMONSTRATEITSUSEFULNESSTOWARDSMOTIV
4、ATINGSMESTOADOPTECOMMERCEOURANALYSISINDICATEDTHATALLTHESELECTEDVARIABLESWERESIGNIFICANTTOWARDSENHANCINGTHEAPPLICATIONOFECOMMERCEANDTHUSMAINTAININGCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEINTHEINDUSTRYKEYWORDSECOMMERCEAPPLICATION,LOGISTIC,MARKETING,PROCUREMENT,SECURITY,SMES1INTRODUCTIONECOMMERCETHEEMERGENCEOFECOMMERCEISC
5、REATINGFUNDAMENTALCHANGESTOTHEWAYTHATBUSINESSISCONDUCTEDMOHDAMIRULAKHBARMOHDZULKIFLI,2001CUSTOMERCANSHOPAROUNDCOMPREHENSIVELYATTHEIRLEISUREANYWHERE,ATANYTIMEANDALWAYSENJOYTHESAME2LEVELOFSERVICESATVIRTUALLYNOCOSTSABUBAKARAHAMIDANDROHAIZATBAHARUN,2004APPARENTLY,WITHPAPERLESSTRANSACTION,BUYERSARENOLONG
6、ERREQUIREDTOFILLINORDERFORMSORVISITABUSINESSPREMISETOPLACETHEIRORDEREVERYTHINGCANBEDONEELECTRONICALLYATBUYERSCONVENIENCEACCORDINGTOEDIM2000,EVENTHOUGHSMESMIGHTHAVEADIFFICULTYTODEVELOPASOPHISTICATEDWEBDUETOLACKOFEXPERTISEANDFUND,BUTTHEYSTILLNEEDECOMMERCETOPROSPERANDFORONGOINGSURVIVALNUMEROUSPEOPLEAND
7、ORGANIZATIONSINTERPRETELECTRONICCOMMERCEORECOMMERCEINTYPICALWAYSTHETERM“ECOMMERCE”EMERGEDWHENBUSINESSESSTARTEDTOREALIZETHEROLEOFINTERNETASAPOWERFULMEDIUMFORCONDUCTINGBUSINESSESPECIALLYINTHESERVICESECTORZILLURRAHMANANDBHATTACHRYYA,2002ASITISABLETOIMPROVECUSTOMERSUPPLIERRELATIONSHIPECOMMERCEISTHEFLOWO
8、FPROCESSWHICHISPURCHASING,MARKETING,SALESANDCUSTOMERSUPPORTTHATISMAINLYASSOCIATEDWITHACOMMERCIALRELATIONSHIPORTRANSACTIONOVERTHEINTERNETNISSEN,1997SCHNEIDER,2002LAUDONANDTRAVER2001DESCRIBEECOMMERCEASALLABOUTTIMECYCLE,SPEED,ANDGLOBALIZATION,ENHANCEDPRODUCTIVITY,REACHINGNEWCUSTOMERSANDSHARINGKNOWLEDGE
9、ACROSSINSTITUTION,THROUGHDIGITALLYENABLEDTRANSACTIONACROSSBOUNDARIESINRETURNFORPRODUCTSANDSERVICESECOMMERCEEVOLVEDINVARIOUSMEANSOFRELATIONSHIPWITHINTHEBUSINESSCIRCLEITCANBEINTHEFORMOFBUSINESSTOCUSTOMERB2C,BUSINESSTOBUSINESSB2B,BUSINESSINBUSINESSBIBANDLASTLYCUSTOMERTOCUSTOMERC2CGENERALLY,B2BWHICHISBE
10、TWEENORGANIZATIONSFORMEDTHEBULKOFTHEECOMMERCEACTIVITIESALTHOUGHECOMMERCEIMPLIESINFORMATIONBETWEENBUSINESSES,THETECHNOLOGYISEQUALLYAPPLICABLEBETWEENBUSINESSANDCONSUMERSANDINDEEDBETWEENCONSUMERSTHEMSELVESHEIZERANDRENDER,2001ASSUCH,THESIGNIFICANTROLEOFINTERNETASTHEMAINTOOLINECOMMERCEISBECOMINGMORERELEV
11、ANTASITALSOACTASADISTRIBUTIONCHANNELONTOPOFINVOLVINGWITHTHETASKOFTHETRADITIONALINTERMEDIARIESVRANA,2006STATISTICREVEALEDBYMULTIMEDIADEVELOPMENTCORPORATIONMDECINDICATESTHEPENETRATIONRATEOFECOMMERCEINMALAYSIAWHICHISSUBSTANTIALLYINCREASEDBYYEARPROVIDESAHUGEPOTENTIALFORSMESTOADOPTECOMMERCEINTHEIRBUSINES
12、STHISRATEISEXPECTEDTOCONSTANTLYGROWINGUPATSUBSTANTIALRATEFROMYEARTOYEARINELECTRONICMARKETS,THEPRINCIPALPARTICIPANTSTRANSACTIONHANDLERS,BUYERS,3BROKERS,ANDSELLERSAREATDIFFERENTLOCATIONSANDEVENNOTKNOWINGEACHOTHERABUBAKARANDROHAIZAT,2004SOMEPEOPLETHINKTHATTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFECOMMERCEFOUNDTOBEBOTHCOSTLY
13、ANDCUMBERSOMEHOWEVER,INREALITYITDRIVINGDOWNCOSTFACTORSANDABLETOIMPROVEPERFORMANCEWHICHOFFERSOPPORTUNITIESTOACHIEVECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGETHROUGHPRODUCTDIFFERENTIATIONWITHPARTICULARREFERENCETOBRANDINGANDPRICINGREYNOLDS,2000OTHERTHANTHAT,ITPROVIDEBETTERAVENUESFORENHANCINGCOOPERATIONBETWEENTRADINGPARTIESP
14、AWARANDDRIVA,2000BESIDESHORTENINGTHETIMEINMARKETINGTHEPRODUCTSORSERVICESSMESANDECOMMERCEINORDERTOSURVIVEINTODAYSCHALLENGINGENVIRONMENT,ITISIMPERATIVETHATSMESBECOMPETITIVEANDRESILIENTTOWARDSTHISEND,SMESNEEDTOCONTINUOUSLYSTRENGTHENTHEIRCAPACITYANDCAPABILITYTOPRODUCEHIGHQUALITYPRODUCTSANDSERVICESATCOMP
15、ETITIVEPRICESBNM,2005PREVIOUSSTUDIESCONDUCTEDAMONGMALAYSIANBUMIPUTERASMESINDICATEDTHATTHEYWEREWEAKINPRODUCT,PROMOTION,ANDDISTRIBUTIONINNOVATIONWHICHTHEREFOREREFLECTINGTHEPOORPERFORMANCEOFTHESMESNORUDINMANSOR,2004PREVIOUSLITERATURESUSEDTODEFINESMESFROMDIFFERENTPERSPECTIVESSUCHASDEFININGBASEDONNUMBERO
16、FEMPLOYEES,PAIDUPCAPITAL,SECTORSOFOPERATIONS,ANDALSOTHEINTENSITYOFINVESTMENTINCURREDASSUCHTHEREISNOONEACCEPTABLESTANDARDABOUTDEFININGSMESMOHAASRIABDULLAH,1997HOWEVER,THEREAREAFEWMEASUREMENTSTHATTHEYMAYTAKEINTOCONSIDERATIONSUCHASITSCATEGORIES,SALESTURNOVERANDNUMBEROFEMPLOYEESBNM,2005INMALAYSIA,THEMOS
17、TWIDELYADOPTEDDEFINITIONUSUALLYTHOSEASBEENDEFINEDBYSMIDECSMALLANDMEDIUMDEVELOPMENTCORPORATIONANDBNMBANKNEGARAMALAYSIAWHEREBYSMESCANBEGROUPEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESMICRO,SMALL,ORMEDIUMTHESEGROUPINGSAREDECIDEDBASEDONEITHERTHENUMBERSOFPEOPLEABUSINESSEMPLOYSORONTHETOTALSALESREVENUEGENERATEDBYABUSINESSINAYEA
18、RINSUMMARY,DETAILEDDEFINITIONSOFSMESBYSIZEARETABLE1CHARACTERISTICSOFSMALLANDMEDIUMINDUSTRYSECTORCATEGORYDEFINITIONSALESTURNOVERRMEMPLOYEES4MANUFACTURINGMICROSMALLMEDIUMLESSTHAN250,000250,000LESSTHAN10MIL10,000,00025,MIL555051150SERVICESMICROSMALLMEDIUMLESSTHAN200,000200,000LESSTHAN1MIL1MIL5MIL551920
19、50SOURCESSMIDEC2005SMESAREMAJOREMPLOYERSINTHELABORMARKETACCORDINGTOBNM2005,THEYPROVIDEDGREATERFLEXIBILITYINEMPLOYMENTTERMSWHEREBY765OFTOTALSMEWORKERSWEREHIREDONAFULLTIMEBASISFURTHERLITERATURESDISCOVEREDTHATMAJORITYOFTHESMESINMALAYSIAPREFERTOBEINVOLVEDINRETAILING,AGRICULTURE,RESTAURANTS,CANTEENANDCAF
20、ETERIA,HANDICRAFTS,TAILORING,SMALLSCALEMANUFACTURING,BEAUTYSALOON,DIRECTSELLING,ANDDOORTODOORBUSINESSNORUDINMANSOR,2005THISTYPEOFBUSINESSESLARGELYTOBELESSCAPITALINTENSIVEANDREQUIRESPERSONALCOMMUNICATIONWITHTHECUSTOMERSASSUCH,THEAPPLICATIONOFECOMMERCETHEREFOREFOUNDTOBELESSDESIRABLETHEAPPLICATIONOFECO
21、MMERCEINMALAYSIAEVENTHOUGHISENCOURAGING,BUTITISSTILLATITSINFANTSTAGEREVIEWINGONTHEFINDINGBYABUBAKARANDROHAIZAT2002,MOSTOFTHEMALAYSIANSMESARESTILLLEFTBEHINDINTERMSOFUSINGINTERNETINTHEIRBUSINESSTRANSACTIONONEWAYTOPROMOTETHEAPPLICATIONISBYSPEEDINGTHEUSAGEAMONGTHELOCALMSCSTATUSCOMPANIESWHICHACTASTHECENT
22、ERPIECEOFTHENATIONALITSTRATEGYDESPITEOFTHEPROMOTIONMOSTOFTHEMSCSTATUSCOMPANIESFOUNDTOBEUSINGTHEINTERNETFORCONSERVATIVETASKSUCHASFORCOMMUNICATIONANDINFORMATIONGATHERINGPURPOSESNOORHAZARINAHASHIMANDABUBAKARHAMID,2004PREVIOUSSTUDYONTHESMESINPERAKINDICATEDTHELOWUSAGEOFTHEAPPLICATIONINMOSTBUSINESSSECTORS
23、SIMILARTRENDPREVAILEDEVENFORTHOSEWHOHADBEENINOPERATIONWITHTHENOVICESTATUSORALREADYESTABLISHEDNORUDINMANSORANDNOORROHAYAABDULMANAP,2006MARKETINGTHEROLEOFECOMMERCEINPROVIDINGAVENUETOSHIFTOUTOFTHEHOMEANDONTOCONSUMERSDIGITALCOMMUNICATIONDEVICESBYMATCHINGMESSAGESTOCONSUMERPREFERENCESANDDEMOGRAPHICS,MARKE
24、TERSWILLBEABLETOBETTERTARGETTHERIGHTRECIPIENTWITHTHERIGHT5MESSAGEATTHERIGHTTIMEOTHERTHANTHAT,MARKETINGFUNCTIONSARENOWPERFORMEDUNDERAHYPERMEDIACOMPUTERMEDIATEDENVIRONMENTWHEREINTERACTIVITYANDCONNECTIVITYAREREPLACINGTHETRADITIONALMODEOFNEGOTIATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONFATIMAH,1999ASUCCESSFULECOMMERCEBUSINES
25、SMUSTBEGLOBALLYAWARE,SYSTEMORIENTEDANDCUSTOMERSENSITIVECOMPANIESCANUSETHEDIRECTACCESSTOCONSUMERSTOCOLLECTINFORMATIONTHATWILLHELPTHEMBETTERDEVELOPPRODUCTSTOMEETTHECONSUMERSNEEDTHROUGHCUSTOMIZATIONSORCREATENEWNICHEPRODUCTSROHAIZATBAHARUNANDABUBAKARAHAMID,2005INGENERALMOSTFIRMSUSEDECOMMERCEPRIMARILYTOP
26、ROVIDEINFORMATIONABOUTCOMPANY,ITSPRODUCTANDSERVICES,ANDFORBOTHINTERNALANDEXTERNALCOMMUNICATIONAHMADMAHMOODANDNORAZAHJAHARI,2005INADDITIONONLINECONSUMERCANEASILYGAINACCESSTOGRAPHICS,SOUND,ANDEVENMOVIES,THUSENABLINGREALTIMETRANSACTIONINTERACTIVITYATASELECTEDCONVENIENCETIMEHOFFMANANDNOVAK,1996THISISAGO
27、ODOPPORTUNITIESTOSMESTOMARKETTHEIRPRODUCTINTERNATIONALLYSINCETHEINFORMATIONCANBEWIDELYSPREADALLOVERTHEWORLDASINDICATEDBYOBRIEN2005,ASMOSTOFTHEBUSINESSACTIVITIESINVOLVEDWITHBUYINGANDSELLING,MARKETINGOFPRODUCTANDSERVICESOVERCOMPUTERNETWORK,ECOMMERCETHEREFORECHANGINGTHESHAPEOFCOMPETITION,THESPEEDOFACTI
28、ON,ANDTHESTREAMLININGOFINTERACTIONSANDPAYMENTSFROMCUSTOMERSTOCOMPANIESANDFROMCOMPANIESTOSUPPLIERSANOTHERINTERESTINGFEATURESCONCERNINGMARKETINGINECOMMERCEISTHEATTRACTIVENESSOFITSFLEXIBILITYASCOMPAREDTOTHETRADITIONALAPPROACHTHISFLEXIBILITYNOTONLYADDTONEWITEMSANDUPDATEINFOBASEDONTHEDIRECTFEEDBACKRECEIV
29、EDFROMCUSTOMERSHAGELANDLANSING,1994,BUTTHEPOWERFUL24HOURACCESSIBILITYRESULTEDWITHINCREASEBUSINESSHOURSACROSSTHEWORLDLOGISTICSANDPROCUREMENTLOGISTICSISVERYMUCHRELATEDTOTHEMOVEMENTOFGOODSORSERVICESWITHINTHERESPECTIVEPARTIESTOTHETRANSACTIONWHENRETAILERSORSMESAPPLYECOMMERCE,THEYINDIRECTLYREMOVETHENEEDFO
30、RINTERMEDIARYDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELSANDEXTENDTHEDISTRIBUTIONCOVERAGEACROSSTHEGLOBEASECOMMERCEBECOMEACCEPTEDANDPRACTICALLYUSEDITISCHANGINGTHETRENDINDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMSBECAUSETHEERETAILERSAREATTHESAMETIMEARETAILERANDADISTRIBUTIONCENTERRODRIGUE,2007WITHCONNECTIVITYOFTHEWEB,6SHIPPINGCHARGESCANBEPRECISELYDE
31、TERMINEDINREALTIME,ANDATRACKINGNUMBERCANBEASSIGNEDTOTHESHIPMENTATTHETIMEORDERISPLACEDTHEREARESOMEADVANTAGESTHATSMESCANGAINASTHEYADOPTINCOMMERCEFROMTHEPOINTOFLOGISTICSWHICHISCOSTREDUCTIONTHROUGHIMPROVEDPROCESSEFFICIENCY,IMPROVEDREACH,THEUNBUNDLINGOFBUSINESSSYSTEMSANDPRICEREDUCTIONSFARHOOMANDANDLOVELO
32、CK,2001DESPITEOFTHEADVANTAGESBUTSTILLTHEAPPLICATIONOFECOMMERCEFOUNDTOBELOWTHROUGHOUTTHENATIONEPROCUREMENTFORMEDANINTEGRALPARTOFANYECOMMERCEOPERATIONMADUANDMADU,2003,ANDMOSTSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTINVOLVESTHEPROCUREMENTOFMATERIALSWHICHARETOBETRANSFORMEDORDELIVEREDITISALWAYSBEENAMAJORCOSTCONCERNEDINANYBU
33、SINESSOPERATIONSINADDRESSINGTHEISSUEAWELLDESIGNEDOPERATIONFLOWADDUPWITHINTERNETTECHNOLOGYWILLNODOUBTPROVIDEASYSTEMATICANDEFFICIENTCOSTCONTROLPROCUREMENTINECOMMERCECANBEEXPLAINEDASANYDESIGNEDTOFACILITATETHEACQUISITIONOFGOODSBYACOMMERCIALORAGOVERNMENTORGANIZATIONOVERTHEINTERNETCROOMANDJOHNSON,2003THAT
34、INVOLVEDSPENDINGONMATERIALSCOMPONENTS,FACILITIES,SUBCONTRACTCAPACITY,ITEQUIPMENTANDSUPPLIES,CONSUMABLES,STATIONERIESANDOTHERFORMOFSERVICESTHATCONSTITUTEASIGNIFICANTAMOUNTOFMONEYTRANSACTIONASITISTHEELECTRONICTENDERINGANDPROCUREMENTOFGOODSANDSERVICES,WITHTHEAPPLICATIONTHEYAREABLETOACCESSALARGERNUMBERO
35、FSUPPLIERSWORLDWIDE,THEREBYENJOYINGBETTERPRICES,BETTERQUALITYANDBETTERDELIVERYBECAUSEPROCUREMENTISANEXPENSIVEBUSINESSACTIVITY,ONCEABUSINESSSWITCHESTOANONLINEBASEDPROCUREMENTSYSTEM,THEYCANBEGINSEEINGBENEFITSIMMEDIATELYTHEADMINISTRATIVECOSTSFOREACHPURCHASEARESIGNIFICANTLYREDUCEDDUETOLESSPAPERWORKRUNNI
36、NGBYTHESYSTEMANDNOTBYEMPLOYEESTHEMSELVESFURTHERMORE,WHENEMPLOYEESREALIZEDHOWCONVENIENTANDCOSTEFFECTIVETHENEWPROCUREMENTSTRATEGYIS,THEYWILLBELESSLIKELYTOMAKEPURCHASESTHROUGHNONCONTRACTEDSUPPLIERS,THUSSAVINGBUSINESSESEVENMOREMONEY7外文文献译文标题电子商务在马来西亚中小企业的应用资料来源欧洲科研杂志,2010年第4期590页至604页作者拿如丁曼索尔摘要该研究目标旨在探讨
37、电子商务是否适用于马来西亚马来洲的中小企业。主要参与研究的人群是马来西亚马来人的德瓦恩和吉兰丹州的登记入住人员,一共有302个注册会员被选定参加我们的研究。移动与世界企业界一致认为,电子商务的应用与全球经济的生存和挑战高度相关。与此同时,在获取知识和理解环境的过程中,应对和处理变化,加快业务经营决策,能够进一步提高中小企业的竞争优势。利用已建立的模型,我们的调查集中在5个可识别的变量,用来证明运用电子商务对推动中小企业的实用性。我们的分析表明,所有所选择的变量对提高电子商务应用作用显著,因此能在行业中保持竞争优势。关键词电子商务应用,物流,营销,采购,安全,中小型企业1引言电子商务电子商务的出
38、现正在根本性地改变商业进行的方式。客户可以货比三家,在其全面休闲的任何地方,任何时候,始终享受在几乎相同的服务水平没有成本的购物。显然,通过这种无纸化的交易,顾客不再需要填写订单,或到企业去放置他们的订单。一切都可以通过在买家方便的条件下电子化地完成。根据EDI报文(2000),尽管中小企业可能因为缺乏专业知识和资金而有困难开发一个复杂的网络,但是他们仍然需要电子商务来繁荣和持续生存。许多个人和组织在用传统的方式去解释电子商务。当企业开始意识到互联网作为强大媒体的角色开展业务,特别是在服务行业,因为它能够提高客户与供应商的关系,因此电子商务术语出现了。电子商务是指主要的相关商业关系或通过互联网
39、实现交易的流程,包括采购,营销,销售和客户支持。劳顿和特拉弗描述了所有关于时间周期,速度和全球化,可以提高生产率,达到了新的客户和跨机构之间共享知识,通过数字化也可以使跨边界交易的产品和服务的交易得以实现。电子商务是商界的各种关系演变而成的。它可以形成企业对消费者(B2C),企业对企业(B2B),商业业务(BIB),和最后客户对客户(C2C)的形式。一般来说,8B2B是组织之间形成了电子商务活动的主体。虽然电子商务意味着企业间的信息和技术在企业和消费者之间、消费者和消费者之间同等适用。因此,互联网作为电子商务中的主要工具其作用越来越显著,因为它也可作为一个涉及互联网的,与传统的中介任务前的销售
40、渠道。由多媒体发展公司(MDEC)做的统计表明电子商务在马来西亚的普及率是逐年大幅的增加,因此为中小型公司采用电子商务提供了巨大的潜力。并预计这个比率会逐年大幅度地增长的。在电子市场中,主要的参与者交易处理程序员,购房者,经纪人和销售者均分布在不同地点,甚至不知道对方是谁。有人认为,电子商务的实现既昂贵又麻烦。但在现实中,它通过压低成本,能够提高性能,从而为实现产品在品牌和价格上的差异化竞争优势提供了机会。除此之外,它提供了缩短营销的产品或服务的时间,能更好地为交易双方加强合作的途径。中小企业和电子商务为了生存在当今充满挑战的环境中,中小企业的竞争性和弹性是非常紧急的。为此,中小企业需要不断加
41、强自己的潜力,以及以有竞争力的价格生产高品质的产品和提高服务的能力。以前在马来西亚马来洲的中小企业中进行的研究表明,他们在产品,促销以及分配制度创新上薄弱,因此反映了中小企业表现不佳。以前的文献曾经从不同的角度来定义中小企业,例如雇员人数,实收资本,经营行业,还有招致的投资强度。因此关于定义中小企业并没有一个可接受的标准。然而,有一些测量,他们可能会考虑到诸如其分类,销售营业额及员工人数。在马来西亚,最广泛采用的定义是由SMIDEC(中小企业发展公司)和BNM(马来西亚中央银行)定义的。据此,中小企业可分为三大类微型,小型,或中型。这些分组决定的基础要么是根据一个企业员工的人数,要么是根据一年
42、的业务产生的总销售收入。因此,中小企业的具体定义是表1中小型工业的特征部门分类定义销售额(马币)雇员人数制造业微型小型少于250000250000少于10MIL55509中型10MIL25MIL51150服务微型小型中型少于200000200000少于1MIL1MIL5MIL55192050来源(吉隆坡)中小型工业发展机构(2005)中小企业是劳动力市场的主要雇主。根据国家银行(2005),中小企业在招聘条件上提供更大的灵活性,因此中小企业的工人的765是全职的。进一步的文献发现,马来西亚的大多数中小企业更愿意参与零售,农业,参观,食堂或餐厅工艺品,裁缝,小规模制造,美容美发,直接销售,送货上
43、门业务。这些类型的行业很大程度上是较低的资本密集型和需要与客户的个人通信。因此,发现电子商务在这些行业的应用并不太理想。在马来西亚的电子商务的应用,即使是令人鼓舞的,但它仍然处在起步阶段。回顾巴卡尔和罗海扎的研究(2002)发现,大部分马来西亚中小企业仍然停留在他们的商业交易中使用互联网的术语。而推广电子商务的应用方法之一是通过加快其在全国IT策略的核心且是本地处于较高地位的公司的推广。尽管大部分的处于较高地位的公司运用互联网做着传统的工作,如通讯和信息收集。以往的研究表明,电子商务在霹雳州的大多数中小型企业行业应用使用率较低。类似的情况在初学者状态或是被公认状态下盛行。市场营销电子商务的作用
44、在于通过匹配的信息,提供渠道走出家庭,走进消费者的数字通信设备,从而满足了消费者的偏好,方便了人口统计,市场营销人员将可以用正确的信息在正确的时间更好地对准目标收件人的权利。除此之外,市场营销的作用在一个超媒体,以电脑为中介,并互动性和连通正在取代传统的谈判和沟通模式下的环境下实现了。一个成功的电子商务企业必须是具有全球意识,系统导向,有客户敏感度的公司。公司可以直接访问获得消费者的青睐,并收集信息,这将有助于他们更好地开发产品,并通过自定义或创造新的利基产品以满足消费者需要。一般运用电子商务的公司,主要是为了提供有关于公司的产品和服务的信息,并且为内部和外部沟通。此外,在线消费可以很容易地访
45、问图形,声音,甚至电影,从而使实时交互性在其选定的方便的时间。对于中小企业的产品成为国际性的来说,这是一个很好的机会,10因为信息可以广泛地传播到世界各地。正如奥布莱恩所声称的,大多数的商业活动参与购买和销售,通过计算机网络销售产品或服务,电子商务因此改变了竞争的形式,行动的速度,以及简化了客户和企业之间,企业和供应商之间的相互作用和支付手段。另外一个有趣的特点是电子商务营销相比传统的方法所具有的灵活性和吸引力。这种灵活性根据从客户收到的直接反馈的基础上,虽然增加新的项目,更新了信息,但强大的24小时的访问功能导致增加了世界各地的营业时间。物流与采购物流涉及到产品或服务在有关各方之间的流动交易
46、。当零售商或中小企业应用电子商务,他们间接地取消对中介分销渠道的需要,扩大在全球的分布范围。电子商务容易被接受,且在分配系统中实际的应用是改变着分配系统的发展,是因为电子零售商同时也是零售商和配送中心。随着网络的连接,运费可以准确地确定实际时间,且一个跟踪号码可以被分配在订单下达的时间以货物来装运。有一些优势中小企业可以从物流中心通过采用电子商务而得到,因为控制物流成本而提高流程效率,提高影响力,解绑业务系统和降低价格。尽管存在这些优势,但是仍然发现电子商务在全国的应用较低。电子采购是构成任何电子商务行动的一个组成部分,并且大多数供应链管理涉及的材料,将被改造或交付采购。这一直是一个在任何业务
47、中处理任何问题时的主要成本。一个设计良好的操作流程叠加与互联网技术无疑将提供一个有系统和有效的成本控制。电子商务采购可以解释为,任何旨在以方便商业或通过互联网的政府机构进行的商品采购所涉及到的开支组成部分的材料,设施,转包能力,IT设备和供应品,消耗品,文具和其他形式的服务,构成了大量的资金交易量。由于它是商品和服务的电子招标和采购,通过申请,他们能够获得较多的全球供应商,从而能享受更优惠的价格,更好的质量和更好地交付。因为采购是一项昂贵的商业活动,一旦业务切换到线上采购系统,他们可以立即见到效益。每次购买的行政费用会显著地减少,因为更少的文书工作是通过采购系统运行的,而不是通过劳动者。此外,当员工知道方便和符合成本效益的新的采购策略是怎么一回事的时候,他们将不太可能会通过非合同供应商采购,从而节省企业甚至更多的钱。