1、1 毕业论文外文翻译 译文 标题：在韩国的模具公司的信息化水平的评价指标体系的发展 资料来源：精密模具及模具队，韩国工业技术研究所， 7-47， 406-840，韩国仁川广域市延寿区 作者： 松岛洞迪 1 引言 从历史的角度看，企业信息化可以被视作为一种工业社会来临后的社会制度。因此，我们应该评估企业信息化。从动态的角度来看，不仅简单地应从信息技术的发展的变化来评价，更应在企业整体业务中，关注企业环 境中的波动所造成的企业的变化。 这项研究的目标如下 :首先，我们建议通过一个模型来评估考虑三个领域，信息 /网络基础设施，模具制造信息系统和协作的模具企业的信息化水平。其次，我们通过调查来核实所提
2、出的评价模型。第三，我们目前的方法，应以有效地手段来应付国内模具企业所面临的信息化要求。 2 ESMI（模具行业信息化评价体系） 模具行业的信息化水平评估模型的目的是在于有效地推进信息化，是确保模具行业的竞争力的一种手段。为了准确地评价一个企业的信息化水平，必须从业务和信息的观点分析。一般来说，由于在制造业的信息流中往 往伴随着相应的业务流程，因此，信息和业务，必须同时得到考虑。首先，从商业的角度来看，应考虑信息化水平的评价中的五个方面。虽然五行划分成分隔的项目，他们可以考虑模具企业的部分工作流系列。例如，在商业，设计，生产部门，输出部门的业务流程中取得输出文件，图纸，零部件和模具，这些活动与
3、公司的利润关系紧密。这样一来，所有这四个因素是涉及一个持续的过程，并形成了由密切相关的因素构成的信息视图。同样的，模具企业与客户相关的企业，也应考虑他们的业务视图。在模具企业中，大多数企业都进行了对许多客户的考察。其次，从信息的角度来 看，应考虑三个领域（信息 /网络基础设施，模具制造，信息系统合作）在信息化水平中的评价。信息 /网络基础设施领域的硬件或软件，这是在企业人力资源中的基本手段和组成。近日，先进的资讯科技如无线局域网技术已经被生产企业所通过并使用。例如，网络基础设施项目，它可以反映国家的最先进的互联网技术和网络技术，还包括了信息 /网络基础设施领域。多媒体资讯系统（模具制造信息系统
4、）领域的信息系统，可以反映模具行业的业务特点，即模具企业的组成可以被划分成三个领域（商业，设计和生浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 2 产）。因此，多媒体资讯系统领域应支持三种类型的企业信息化 。合作领域，反映了企业内部的协作和企业之间的合作，还包括协作和配套协作的信息系统的业务流程。 我们想推荐 ESMI 模型，一种信息化水平的评价模型，它可以被应用于模具行业信息和业务。从信息的角度来看，项目可以被添加，删除或集成。从信息的角度看项目可分类如下：作为上述信息 /网络基础设施，模具制造信息系统和合作领域。我们还归类了两个领域的信息 /网络基础设施：信息设施和人力资源。 信息 /网络基础设
5、施领域可以被看作是对模具行业的信息化基础层的促进。第一层，信息设施的范围包括硬件，软件，网络利用率和网络相关的项目。同时， 人力资源，包括人力资源相关的项目和信息化效果的项目。如上所述，信息系统，是被映射到一个模具制造信息系统领域的独特模具行业的业务。第二层，它可以通过利用信息 /网络基础设施来支持和管理模具行业中的销售，设计和生产。第三层包括内部和外部的模具行业内的合作，并映射到与信息相关的合作领域。 这表明本文开发的 ESMI 模型的总体框架，是从信息的角度来评估模具企业的信息化水平的。评价领域主要分类如下：信息 /网络基础设施，模具制造信息系统和协作。信息 /网络基础设施领域被视为是对共
6、同领域中模具企业的整体信息化的评价 ;模具制造信 息系统和协作评价领域，则反映了模具行业的特点。 在本文中，信息 /网络基础设施领域的信息设施和人力资源的措施，主要分为两个领域：技术组件和人员的组成部分。此外，模具制造信息系统领域分为MIS（管理信息系统）， EIS（工程信息系统）， PIS（生产信息系统）。通过分析模具行业的业务，可分为内模具企业和模具企业之间的内部协作，外模具企业和模具企业的相互协作等。接下来介绍三个评估领域的细节。 2.1 信息 /网络基础设施水平 信息技术是一个制造业中的竞争力的重要体现。此外，信息基础设施是一个系统，通过使用计算机和通讯来 采集，存储，加工，配送和利用
7、信息。它也支持建立一个管理策略，作为管理基础来为企业提供便利和提高在经营活动中的成效。要实现可持续的竞争优势，重点是在于信息技术基础设施，而不是在应用程序。此外，信息技术基础设施是一个主要的管理资源，是能够取得竞争优势的少数来源之一。同时，信息技术基础设施的投资成本占企业的信息技术预算的 58 。 在本文中，我们可以把信息 /网络基础设施分为两部分：技术组件和人员的组成部分。技术成分包括有形资产和人事部分组成的知识产权资产。硬件，软件，网络和网站的利用率，这些因素都被认为是信息设施， 并吸收了有形资产。浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 3 来自知识资产的人员和信息化效果阐明了在信息 /网
8、络基础设施领域的因素和项目。也就是说，从六个因素中提取了信息 /网络基础设施，以及相关的评价项目的各因素。 2.2 模具制造信息系统等级 在制造业和信息技术的最新进展中，目前有一种新的制造信息系统的战略选择很具前景。最近由于生产环境已走向专业化，协作化和统一前进化，企业必须融入制造信息系统的功能和相应的业务战略。总的制造信息系统（ TMIS）是一个非常强大的替代方案，它融合了制造业和信息技术的最新发展，能为企业取得竞争优势。 此外，与 TMIS 的模型 相比， ESMI 模型属于多媒体资讯系统。 TMIS 的模型必须考虑到国内模具行业的各种项目。首先，营销 TMIS 的面积是一个非常重要的功能
9、，但大多数模具企业不考虑此功能，尤其是目前模具行业需要采取行业的业务系统，如智能估计系统，来专门估计数据管理系统和协作系统。其次，因为模具行业不能适用标准的 ERP 模式，所以应采取定制的工程面积 TMIS的 ERP 系统。模具行业有一个复杂的制造过程，不允许加工完整的计划和进度计划的映射。因为客户频繁赶制地方性的订单，并要求模具修改，模具企业需要事先引入 ERP 来进行 BPR（业务流程再造） 。第三，国内模具行业已采取少量批次的生产方法。一个总的处理时间中的很大一部分是用于模具的加工安装和模具的运输，如项目工程师直接处理的必要性。因此，它是难以引进 TMIS的制造领域的自动化物料处理系统的
10、。最后，根据相关业务的营业面积，由于国内中小型模具行业的特点，引进的信息系统 TMIS 决策支持信息系统还没有真正被得到认可。 在本文中，我们分析了模具制造的信息系统，可用于客户的订单，以及最后的注塑模具产品的生产过程。多媒体资讯系统可分为三个主要的信息系统：管理信息系统，电化学阻抗谱，及独立私校。 ERP 系统被排除 在外，但在相关的信息系统中包括详细的 ERP 模块。 MIS 是一个经营相关活动的模具订单收据信息系统。 MIS 系统包括很多功能，包括购买，成本，库存和物流。同时， EIS 系统，起到了在模具生产过程中的重要作用，是模具生产所必需的各种设计工作的信息系统。 EIS 系统包括模
11、具设计，模具的基本设计，零件设计，CAE 分析和信息系统。它还包括 PDM 系统，用于管理在设计图纸和协作系统的实时绘制合作。最后， PIS 是一个管理模具加工的信息系统，包括 CAM 的工作，机械加工，装配，注塑模具数控编程。通过这样的分析，我们提取的因素，MIS， EIS，及独立私校，都是模具制造信息系统领域和有关评价因素中的评价项目。 2.3 协作水平 浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 4 合作概念是指朝着一个共同的目的或目标，参与者根据独立的个人和集体合作的结果责任制进行承诺，向所有参与者共享一个共同的利益，并且一起工作的过程。然而，在电子商务领域中，由于设备，应用程序和边界的不
12、断扩大，合作的主题是不是只有参与者。我们应从不同的观点来分析使用信息和通信技术的企业之间的合作。然而，在现有的研究中，对协作概念的清晰描述是非常有限的。 合作包括：协作的对象和时间。首先，从合作对象来看， 可划分为企业合作，合作访港协作和对外合作。基于企业整体业务领域，它也可以分为客户协作，供应商协作，制造协作和 R D 合作的共同行动。其次，根据合作时间顺序也可划分为异步协作和同步协作。 根据信息交流的特点， Keskinocak 和 Tayur 可分为两种情况下的合作形式。他们定义下的第一种情况下的合作形式的交流和信息共享，目前还没有企业能够拥有具体的改造供应链。举一个例子，我们可以举出，
13、沃尔玛通过 RetailLink系统的供应商来分享其销售数据。因此，随着市场上信息的交流，供应链的所有参与者将能够通过所使用 的共享信息的一个决定，来有效地改变整个供应链。其次，把它们定义为共同开发的信息，而不是简单的信息。通过供应网络上伙伴之间的合作来交换其合作的形式。在一般情况下，这个信息是指有关未来的产品或消费者的需求开发数据。例如，我们可以利用消费者的需求，联合开发新产品和预报要求的分析数据。 3 结论 在这项研究中，我们提出了一个 ESMI 模型，该模型可以评估模具企业的信息化水平。 ESMI 是一个集成的信息化水平，信息和业务观点的模型。基于这个模型，应从商业的角度评价其框架。领域
14、的信息 /网络基础设施能很好地评价模具制造信息 系统的协作能力。特别是多媒体资讯系统的分类（模具制造信息系统），迫使模具企业引进有效的信息系统。我们在每个领域组成因素和评价项目上进行归类。下一步就是模型验证和框架制定，同时基于 AHP 法的一个问卷调查，进行调查评价项目。通过七十五个调查的答复进行分析，以确保问卷项目的可靠性和有效性。最终，我们从验证过程中验证了 ESMI 模型。 在这项研究中开发的评价模型，可用于定期诊断模具企业的信息化水平以及衡量信息化的 ROI（投资回报）。也就是说，信息系统的必要性可以在引入信息系统之前进行评估，引入它还可以进行效果的测量。 如果模具公司引进信息化评估后
15、再介绍他们的信息化水平，可以促进平衡和系统的信息化，并有效地使用评价结果作为基本数据和准则，以促进持续的信息化。此外，当模具行业介绍各种信息系统，利用最新的互联网技术，如电浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 5 子协作和电子商务，他们可以申请到这项研究中所提供的信息化水平的评价模型。 浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 6 外文文献原文 Title:Development of an Evaluation System of the Informatization Level for the Mould Companies in Korea Material Source:Precis
16、ion Molds namely, the businesses of the mould industry could be divided into three areas(business, design, and production). Accordingly, the MMIS field should support the informatization of the three types of businesses. The collaboration field reflects the collaboration within an enterprise and the
17、 collaboration between enterprises; it also includes the business process for collaboration and information system supporting collaboration. We would like to suggest the ESMI model, an evaluation model of informatization level, which can be applied to the mould industry from the viewpoints of inform
18、ation and business. The items from the information viewpoint can be added, deleted or integrated. Eleven items from the information viewpoint can be classified as follows:information/network infrastructure, mould manufacturing information system, and collaboration field as mentioned above. We classi
19、fied the information/network infrastructure into two fields: information facility and human resource. The information/network infrastructure area can be seen as the foundation layer for promoting informatization in the mould industry. The scope of the information facility includes hardware, software
20、, web utilization and network-related items. Meanwhile, human resource includes manpower-related items and informatization effect items. The information system, as mentioned above, is mapped to the area of a mould manufacturing information system unique to the business of the mould industry. This ar
21、ea is the second layer, which can support and manage sales, design 浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 8 and production performed in the mould industry by utilizing an information/network infrastructure. The third layer includes the internal and external collaboration within the mould industry and is mapped to the
22、area of collaboration related with information. It shows the overall framework of the ESMI model, developed in this paper, for evaluating the informatization level of mould enterprises from the information viewpoint. The evaluation fields were largely classified as follows: information/network infra
23、structure, mould manufacturing information system, and collaboration. The information/network infrastructure field is regarded as a common field in the evaluation of the overall informatization of mould enterprises; the mould manufacturing information system and collaboration are evaluation fields r
24、eflecting the characteristics of the mould industry. In this paper, the information/network infrastructure field to measure information facility and human resource was largely divided into two fields: technical component and personnel component. Further, the mould manufacturing information system fi
25、eld was divided into MIS (Management Information System), EIS (Engineering Information System), and PIS (Production Information System) by analysing the business of the mould industry. Collaboration was divided into inter-collaboration within mould companies and intra-collaboration between mould com
26、panies. The next chapter explains the details of the three evaluation fields. 2.1 Information/Network Infrastructure Level Information technology is an important competitive edge in the manufacturing industry. Moreover, information infrastructure is a system using computers and communication for acq
27、uisition, storage, processing, delivery, and use of information. It also supports the establishment of a management strategy and is regarded as the management foundation offering convenience and effectiveness in business activities to members of an enterprise. To attain a sustainable competition adv
28、antage, the focus on information technology infrastructure, rather than on application . Also, information technology infrastructure is a major management resource, being one of the few sources that can secure superiority in competition. As well, the cost for investment in information technology inf
29、rastructure accounted for 58% of the information technology budget of an enterprise. In this paper, we classified the information/network infrastructure into two components: technical component and personnel component. The technical component consists of the physical asset and the personnel componen
30、t consists of 浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 9 the intellectual asset. Such factors as hardware, software, network, and web utilization are all considered information facility and were drawn from physical asset. The personnel and informatization effect were drawn from the intellectual asset. It elucidates the
31、factors and items in the information/network infrastructure field. That is, a total of six factors were extracted as factors of the information/network infrastructure, as well as evaluation items related to each factor. 2.2 Mould Manufacturing Information System Level Recent advances in manufacturin
32、g and information technologies present promising new strategic alternatives for designing a new manufacturing information system . As the manufacturing environment has recently been marching toward specialization, collaboration, and unification, firms have integrated manufacturing functions and busi
33、ness strategy into their information systems. The total manufacturing information system (TMIS) is a very powerful alternative, which blends recent developments in manufacturing and information technology to achieve a competitive advantage. Also, the TMIS model was compared with the MMIS in the ESMI
34、 model. Various items must be considered when applying the TMIS model to the domestic mould industry. First, marketing area of TMIS is a very important function of the mould industry, but most mould companies are not considering this function at present In particular, the mould industry need to adop
35、t business systems specialized for the industry, such as an intelligent estimation system, an estimation data management system, and a collaboration system. Second, the ERP System included in engineering area of TMIS should be customized to the mould industry, because the standard ERP model cannot b
36、e applied. The mould industry has a complicated manufacturing process, which does not allow mapping of the complete processing plan and schedule plan. Because customers frequently place rush orders and request mould modification, mould companies need to carry out the BPR (Business Process Reengineer
37、ing) in advance to introduce the ERP. Third, the domestic mould industry has adopted the small quantity batch production method. And a large portion of the total processing time is taken up by items such as mould processing setup time and mould movement, which engineers must deal with directly. Ther
38、efore, it is difficult to introduce an automated material handling system in manufacturing area of TMIS. Finally, although an information system related to business decision support in the business area of TMIS, the introduction of the information system has not been considered due to characteristic
39、s of the domestic small and medium-sized mould 浙江万里学院现代物流学院 外文文献译文 10 industry. In this paper, we analyzed a mould manufacturing information system that can be used from customers orders to the process of producing final injection mould products. The MMIS can be divided into mainly three information
40、 systems: MIS, EIS, and PIS. The ERP system was excluded, but detailed modules of ERP were included in the relevant information system. MIS is an information system for business activities related to the mould order receipts. MIS includes many functions, including purchase, cost, stock, and logistic
41、s. Meanwhile, EIS, which has played the most important role in the mould production processes, is an information system for various design work necessary for mould production. EIS includes information systems for mould design, mould base design, parts design, and CAE analysis. It also includes the P
42、DM system used to manage the drawings in designs and the collaboration system for real-time drawing collaboration. Finally, PIS is an information system related to mould machining, including CAM work, machining, assembly, and injection mould for NC programming. Through such an analysis, we extracted
43、 factors, MIS, EIS, and PIS, from the mould manufacturing information system field and evaluation items about evaluation factors. 2.3 Collaboration Level The general concept of collaboration is the process of working together toward a common purpose or goal in which the participants are committed an
44、d independent, with individual and collective accountability for the results of the collaboration, and toward a common benefit to be shared by all participants . However, in the ebusiness field, the subject of collaboration is not only people but also device and application, and the boundary is cont
45、inuously expanding . Collaboration between enterprises using information and communication technology has been analyzed from various viewpoints. In the existing studies, however, clear descriptions of the concept of collaboration are very limited. Collaboration consists of object and time of collabo
46、ration. First, the object of collaboration is regarded as enterprise, where collaboration is divided into inbound collaboration and outbound collaboration. Based on the mutual action that an enterprise has in the overall business field, it also could be classified into customer collaboration, supplier collaboration, manufacturing collaboration, and R&D collaboration. Second, according to the time of the collaboration, it could be also divided into asynchronous collaboration and synchronous collaboration. Keskinocak and Tayur classified the form of collaboration into two cases
