1、1毕业论文开题报告英语中美英文公示语对比一、选题的背景、意义公示语PUBLICSIGNS是指“在公共场所向公众公示须知内容的语言,它包括标识、指示牌、路牌、标语、公告、警示等”。（丁衡祁2006）对于公示语的翻译，现在是一个十分热门的话题，所以翻译的正确与否，会影响一个城市、一个地区的形象和对外交流，也给外国游客带来诸多不便。翻译是一中跨文化交际行为，所以公示语的翻译是否能准确，取决于翻译者本身对外国文化的了解多少。“语言既是文化的载体,也是文化的写照。语言所传递的是一个国家或一个民族的传统、思想、习俗、情感等方面的因素,翻译之不易就是因为它不再被看作是语言符号的转换,而是一种文化的转换。所以
2、译者的任务不仅要解读源语语言符号,而且还需破解源语非语言符号文化内涵。”（胡红云2008）“进入21世纪以来，越来越多的研究者开始注意公示语翻译，2002年北京第二外国语学院成立了公示语翻译研究中心，并对“汉英公示语翻译研究”课题进行立项。2003年，该课题组开通了“汉英公示语研究在线”（HTTP/WWWESIGNSINFOCOM）网站。”（温鑫2010）这些资料说明了公示语的翻译问题现在越来越受到大家的关注。由此可以看出正确的翻译公示语在日常生活中是十分重要的。二、研究的基本内容和拟解决的问题公示语现在越来越频繁的出现在我们的日常生活中，所以对公示语的正确翻译就显得尤为重要。论文将针对中国与
3、美国文化之间的差异，进行语言方式的对比，并引用大量例证，以此为基础找出中美公示语之间的差异，说明我国现在的公示语翻译的差异进行解释。最后以美国本土公示语为基础，对中文公示语翻译进行提出一些评价和建议。2四、论文详细工作进度和安排十月份选题。十一月十二月分文献综述。一月份开题报告。一月份三月份初稿。五、主要参考文献EUGENEANIDA,1993,LANGUAGE,CULTUREANDTRANSLATINGM,SHANGHAISHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSMAKHALLIDAY,1994,ANINTRODUCTIONTOFUNCTIONALGRAMMA
4、RM,LONDONEDWARDARNOLD吕和发，2005，公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究J,术语标准化与信息技术吕和发，2004，公示语的汉英翻译J，中国科技翻译王宏军，2010，嘉兴市公共场所公示语翻译的社会语用实证研究J，嘉兴学院学报胡红云，2008，跨文化交际与公示语的汉英翻译浙江省公共场所公示语汉英翻译实例分析J，浙江社会科学刘蓉，2008，公示语汉译英误译的分析J，沙洋师范高等专科学校学报王银泉，2007，汉英公示语翻译及其译学理据J，北京第二外国语学院学报外语版魏海波,刘全福，2007，公示语英译中的语用关联分析J，绍兴文理学院学报杨丽波，2007，国内公示语汉英翻译研究现状J，
5、怀化学院学报北竹，单爱民，2002，谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译J，北京第二外国语学院学报贺学耘，2006，汉英公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略J，外语与外语教学3毕业论文文献综述英语中美英文公示语对比一、前言部分公示语PUBLICSIGNS是指“在公共场所向公众公示须知内容的语言,它包括标识、指示牌、路牌、标语、公告、警示等”。（丁衡祁2006）公示语在我们生活中应用广泛，几乎随处可见，例如路标、广告牌、商店招牌、公共场所的宣传语、旅游简介等等。公示语是国际化都市、国际旅游目的地语言环境、人文环境的重要组成部分。由于公示语在公众和旅游者生活中的重要意义，对公示语的任何歧义、误解、滥用都
6、会导致不良后果。错误的翻译会影响一个城市、一个地区的形象和对外交流，也给外国游客带来诸多不便。与公示语意义相近的语汇包括“标志语”、“标识语”、“标示语”、“标语”等。标志语与标志结合，广泛应用于和交通、旅游、运输等公共领域；标示语在IT行业已经被广泛接纳，几乎成为这个行业的语言分支；标识语属于市场营销，广告促销中的推广语，经常和企业标识使用；标语则是人们比较熟悉的公益性、政治性、宣传性的文字语言。除了“公示语”能够包容下“标志语”、“标识语”、“标示语”、“标语”的内涵和外延，目前尚难以选择其它语汇广而括之。为此，公示语就真正成为“标志语”、“标识语”、“标示语”、“标语”的集合名词。搜索政
7、府机构标准概念、文字使用，“标志语”、“标识语”、“标示语”、“标语”已经为公示语所替代，成为新的通用流行语汇。本文将对国内出现的公示语和美国国内出现的同意公示语进行对比，从而得出国内公示语中出现的错误，并提出一些建议。二、主题部分在国内，很多专家都针对公示语的翻译问题做了许多研究，如国内较为权威的吕和发对公示语进行了如下分类指示性公示语体现的是周到的信息服务,没有任何限制、强制意义。因此语言应用也不一定要求公众去采取何种行动,其功能在于指示服务的内容。（吕和发42004）提示性公示语没有任何特指意义,仅起提示作用,但用途广泛。（吕和发2004）限制性公示语对相关公众的行为提出限制、约束要求,
8、语言应用直截了当,但不会使人感到强硬、粗暴、无理。（吕和发2004）强制性公示语要求相关公众必须采取或不得采取任何行动,语言应用直白、强硬、没有商量余地。（吕和发2004）我们的生活中会见到很多错误的翻译，比如小心碰头误译BEHINDYOURHEAD（刘蓉2008）请将大件行李托运误译HUGELUGGAGEPLEASECARRYAWAY（池玫2009）等，这些都是我们应该英气注意的地方。三、总结部分公示语现在越来越频繁的出现在我们的日常生活中，所以对公示语的正确翻译就显得尤为重要。论文将针对中国与美国文化之间的差异，进行语言方式的对比，并引用大量例证，以此为基础找出中美公示语之间的差异，说明我
9、国现在的公示语翻译的差异进行解释。最后以美国本土公示语为基础，对中文公示语翻译进行提出一些评价和建议。四、参考文献EUGENEANIDA,1993,LANGUAGE,CULTUREANDTRANSLATINGM,SHANGHAISHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSMAKHALLIDAY,1994,ANINTRODUCTIONTOFUNCTIONALGRAMMARM,LONDONEDWARDARNOLD吕和发，2005，公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究J,术语标准化与信息技术吕和发，2004，公示语的汉英翻译J，中国科技翻译王宏军，2010，嘉兴市公共场所公示
10、语翻译的社会语用实证研究J，嘉兴学院学报5胡红云，2008，跨文化交际与公示语的汉英翻译浙江省公共场所公示语汉英翻译实例分析J，浙江社会科学刘蓉，2008，公示语汉译英误译的分析J，沙洋师范高等专科学校学报王银泉，2007，汉英公示语翻译及其译学理据J，北京第二外国语学院学报外语版魏海波,刘全福，2007，公示语英译中的语用关联分析J，绍兴文理学院学报杨丽波，2007，国内公示语汉英翻译研究现状J，怀化学院学报北竹，单爱民，2002，谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译J，北京第二外国语学院学报贺学耘，2006，汉英公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略J，外语与外语教学6（20_届）本科毕业设计英语
11、中美英文公示语对比THECOMPAREBETWEENCHINAANDAMERICANPUBLICSIGNS7II摘要公示语是一种特殊的应用文体，近年来，我国公示语翻译研究发展迅速，越来越多的研究者对其进行了多方面的探讨，并取得了可喜的成绩。但是在公示语翻译方面仍旧存在很多问题。本文关注于一些常见问题，并提出一些可行性建议，期望为今后公示语翻译研究的发展提供一些思路。关键词公示语；汉英翻译；错误分析；建议IIIABSTRACTPUBLICSIGNISASPECIALKINDOFAPPLICATIONSTYLE,INRECENTYEARS,THERESEARCHOFPUBLICSIGNSINOUR
12、COUNTRYISDEVELOPINGVERYFAST,MOREANDMORERESEARCHERSJOININ,ANDFINDOUTMANYTHINGS,GETSOMEACHIEVEMENTSBUTTHERESTILLEXISTSOMEPROBLEMSTHISPAPERFOCUSESONTHEPROBLEMSANDTHROWSOUTSOMESUGGESTIONS,HOPEITCANMAKESOMEHELPFOROTHERRESEARCHKEYWORDSPUBLICSIGNSCETRANSLATIONERRORANALYSISSUGGESTIONSIIICONTENTSABSTRACTIII1
13、INTRODUCTION411DEFINITIONOFPUBLICSIGNS412LITERATUREREVIEW413FUNCTIONOFPUBLICSIGNS514METHODOLOGYEMPLOYEDINTHISSTUDY62ANALYSISOFTHEERRORSINCETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNS621PHENOMENONANALYSIS622ERRORSCLASSIFICATION7221SPELLINGERROR7222GRAMMARERROR7223LEXICALERROR8224CULTUREBACKGROUNDDIFFERENCES93STRATEGIES
14、FORPUBLICSIGNTRANSLATION1031MEANINGCLARITY1132STRESSONINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATION1233PROPERWORDCHOICE134CONCLUSION13BIBLIOGRAPHY15ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1641INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGLOBALIZATION,MOREANDMOREFOREIGNERSCOMETOCHINATOSTUDY,WORKANDTOUR,ANDTHEREFOREENGLISHHASBEENINCREASINGLYUSEDINDAILYLIFE
15、PUBLICSIGNSARERELATEDTOTHECITYS“FACE”,REFLECTINGTHECULTURALANDEDUCATIONALLEVELOFAPLACEINCORRECTORNONSTANDARDPUBLICSIGNSTRANSLATIONWILLSERIOUSLYAFFECTTHEIMAGEOFCITIESANDCOUNTRIES,WHICHISNOTGOODFORCHINASOPENINGUPANDPROBABLYITWILLLEADTOANINTERNATIONALJOKE11DEFINITIONOFPUBLICSIGNSSEARCHWITHTHE“BAIDU”,WE
16、CANGETTHEFOLLOWINGEXPLANATIONWHICHSAIDBYBARRYGRAYWHOISTHECHAIRMANOFTHE145TECHNICALCOMMITTEEOFISO“SIGNSAREANYTHINGFROMTHESIMPLESTWAYFINDINGORINFORMATION“MAKER”TOTHETECHNICALLYSOPHISTICATEDCOMMUNICATIONOFAMESSAGESIGNINGAFFECTSEVERYBODY,LIKETRAVELERS,SHOPPERS,VISITORS,DRIVERSETC,WHETHERINTHECOURSEOFBUS
17、INESSORPLEASURE”SIGNISABROADTERM,ITISWIDELYUSEDINPUBLICOCCASIONSORBEFOREABUILDING,ROOM,SHOPOROFFICE,WHICHCOVERSAWIDERANGEFROMTRAVELLING,CATERING,ACCOMMODATION,RECREATION,SHOPPINGTOMEDICALSERVICE,EDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONANDFINANCIALSERVICEITINCLUDESWORDSOFCAUTION,PUBLICNOTICES,BILLS,POSTERS,SLOGANS,OUT
18、DOORADVERTISEMENTS,TRAFFICNOTICESANDSOONSPECIFICALLYSPEAKING,ITCOVERSENVIRONMENTALCOMMUNICATIONSIGNS,STREETSIGNS,TRAFFICSIGNS,ROADSIGNS,ROADMARKERS,PARKINGSIGNS,SCHOOLSIGNS,NOSMOKINGSIGNS,CONSTRUCTIONSIGNS,TRAVELSIGNS,INSTRUCTIONALNOTICESANDSOON12LITERATUREREVIEWINWESTERNCOUNTRIES,THEHISTORYOFSTUDYO
19、NTRANSLATIONOFPUBLICTRANSLATIONISVERYLONGONTHECONTRARY,INCHINA,THETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSISLATERTHANWESTERNCOUNTRIESANDTHEWORKISNOTGOODENOUGHNOWADAYS,MOREANDMOREPEOPLESHOWINTERESTINTHERESEARCHOFPUBLICSIGNSINSEPTEMBER2005,THEFIRSTSEMINAROFNATIONALTRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSWASHELDIS5OURCOUNTRYHUANGYOUY
20、I2005STATESTHATOURTRANSLATIONWORKSSTILLHAVEMANYINADEQUACIESTHATWECANNOTIGNOREOURPARKS,STREETS,SHOPPINGMALLSANDMANYOTHERPUBLICPLACESAREDECORATEDWITHVARIOUSKINDSOFPUBLICSIGNSWITHMANYGRAMMARANDSPELLINGMISTAKESWECANTAKEMANYARTICLESWHICHHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDIN1980SFOREXAMPLE,SUCHASCHINESETRANSLATORSJOURNAL,F
21、OREIGNLANGUAGES,ANDSHANGHAIJOURNALOFTRANSLATIONFORSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ETCINTHESEARTICLES,WRITERSWILLSHOWTHEIRPERSONALOPINIONABOUTTHERESEARCHOFCEPUBLICSIGNTRANSLATIONLUHEFA2005POINTSOUTTHATIMMOBILEPUBLICSIGNSEXPRESSTHEVIVIDINFORMATIONTOTHEPUBLICISASIMPORTANTASTHEIRLINGUISTICCHARACTERISTICSFUNCTIONSH
22、EAPPEALSTOPEOPLEWHOSTUDYONCETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSSHOULDSPARENOEFFORTSTOGRASPTHECOMPLETEENGLISHVOCABULARYPERFECTLYITSTRANSLATORSDUTYTOKNOWCLEARLYABOUTTHEREQUIREMENTSOFPUBLICSIGNSIFTHEYWANTTODOAGOODJOBANDEXPRESSTHERIGHTINFORMATIONFAMOUSEXPERTSWEIHAIBOANDLIUQUANFU2007PUTFORWARDMANYKINDSOFMETHODSTOHE
23、LPTHETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNFORINSTANCE,FOREIGNIZATIONANDDOMESTICATION,SEMANTICANDPRAGMATICEQUIVALENCEARETHEEFFECTIVEWAYTODOTRANSLATIONTHEYALSODOTHEIRBESTTODORESEARCHONTHECETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSPRINCIPLESUNDOUBTEDLY,THEWRITERSWEMENTIONEDABOVEHAVEMADEAGREATCONTRIBUTIONTOTHETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNS
24、THEIRWORKSAIMATWIPINGOFFTHESPELLING,GRAMMARANDPRAGMATICMISTAKESOFOURCURRENTPUBLICSIGNSANDESTABLISHINGAGOODTRANSLATIONCIRCUMSTANCEINOURCOUNTRYTHEFUTUREOFTRANSLATIONONPUBLICSIGNSISPROSPEROUSASMOREANDMOREPEOPLETAKEPARTINTHEWORK13FUNCTIONOFPUBLICSIGNSPUBLICSIGNSAREUSEDINOURDAILYLIFEANDTHEYHAVEADIRECTIMP
25、ACTONEVERYASPECTOFOURLIVESPUBLICSIGNSHAVETHEIROWNFEATURESANDPERFORMTHEFOLLOWINGFOURBASICFUNCTIONSINDICATING,PROMOTING,RESTRICTINGANDCOMPELLINGACTUALLY,THEREISNOPUBLICSIGNTHATPERFORMONLYONEFUNCTIONGENERALLY,PUBLICSIGNSAREMULTIFUNCTIONAL,BUTINTHISPAPER,WILLONLYDISCUSSTHEIRPREDOMINANTFOURFUNCTIONSINDIC
26、ATINGASITSMEANINGSUGGESTS,INDICATINGISTOINDICATEORGUIDEREADERSSIGNSASSUCHAREALSOCALLEDINSTRUCTIVE/DIRECTIVE/GUIDINGNOTICESWHICHGIVEREADERSDETAILEDINFORMATIONWITHNOPROHIBITIONANDRESTRICTIONINDICATINGISTHEMOSTBASIC6FUNCTIONPERFORMEDINSIGNLANGUAGEINDICATINGSIGNSGENERALLYGIVEREADERSRELEVANTINFORMATIONAB
27、OUTWHATITISANDWHATSERVICEITPROVIDESPROMOTINGHASNOSTRIKINGDIFFERENCEFROMINDICATINGEXCEPTTHATTHEFORMERCARRIESTHETONEOFWARNINGITAIMSATREMINDINGREADERSOFPAYINGCONSIDERABLEATTENTIONTOSIGNSRESTRICTINGUNLIKETHETWOFUNCTIONSMENTIONEDABOVE,SIGNSTHATPERFORMRESTRICTINGFUNCTIONPUTRESTRICTIONSANDCONSTRAINTSTOREAD
28、ERS,WHOAREEXPECTEDTOABIDEBYCERTAINRULESINTHEINTERESTOFPUBLICRESTRICTINGSIGNSARETOKEEPORCONFINEWITHINLIMITSCOMPELLINGTOPUTITSIMPLE,COMPELLINGSIGNSHAVEGREATPOWERANDPOTENCYTOINDUCEACTIONORBRIEFWITHITSTOUGHTONE,NEGATIVEWORDSANDCOMPARATIVELYUNIFORMSENTENCESTRUCTURES,THEREISSLIGHTPOSSIBILITYOFANYALTERNATI
29、VES14METHODOLOGYEMPLOYEDINTHISSTUDYTHISPAPERISAQUALITATIVESTUDYTHISTHESISAIMSTOFINDOUTTHEPROBLEMSEXISTINGINCETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSANDPROVIDEAPPROPRIATESOLUTIONFORTHEMTHEFIRSTANDFOREMOST,WESHOULDBEFAMILIARWITHTHEBASICKNOWLEDGECONCERNINGPUBLICSIGNSTHROUGHTHEANALYSIS,THEAUTHORFINDSFOURKINDSOFPROBLEM
30、SFORIMPROPERTRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNS,ANDTHEAUTHORCOLLECTSMANYEXAMPLES,MOSTOFWHICHCANEASILYFINDINOURDAILYLIFT,TOPROVETHATTHESEDIFFERENTKINDSOFPROBLEMSAREEXISTINGINTHETRANSLATEDSIGNSTHEFOCUSOFTHEPAPERISTOANALYZECETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSWITHTHECOMPARATIVEMETHOD,ANDPROPOSESOMETRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESFORPU
31、BLICSIGNTRANSLATIONBASEDONTHEANALYSIS,THREETRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESAREPROPOSEDTHEFIRSTONEANDTHEIMPORTANTONEISTOMAKEMEANINGCLEAR,THESECONDONEISTOSTRENGTHENINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,ANDTHELASTONEISTOPAYATTENTIONTOWORDSAPPROPRIATE2ANALYSISOFTHEERRORSINCETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNS21PHENOMENONANALYSISCHINAST
32、RANSPARENCYLEVELHASRISENSTEADILYINPACEWITHADVANCEMENTOFITS7INTERNATIONALIZATIONPROCESSTHEREFORE,MANYFOREIGNTOURISTSCOMETOCHINAFORSIGHTSEEINGASARESULT,MANYKINDSOFENGLISHPUBLICSIGNSARECREATEDTOHELPFOREIGNTOURISTSWITHTHEIRTRAVELINGANDLIVINGINCHINAEASILYBUTOWINGTOTHELIMITATIONOFOURENGLISHKNOWLEDGE,THERE
33、AREMANYERRORSINTHETRANSLATION,AMONGWHICHTHEMAINTYPESARESPELLINGERROR,GRAMMARERROR,LEXICALERROR,ANDTHEMISTAKECAUSEDBYCULTURALDIFFERENCES22ERRORSCLASSIFICATION221SPELLINGERRORSPELLINGMISTAKESINPUBLICSIGNSTRANSLATIONAREEASYTOSEEMOSTOFTHESEMISTAKESWILLNOTLEADINSERIOUSMISUNDERSTANDINGONPARTOFTHEREADERS,B
34、UTTHEYMAYLEAVETHEMANEGATIVEIMPRESSIONANDSOMETIMESTHOSESPELLINGMISTAKESHINDERTHEEFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONUSUALLYTHESEMISTAKESAREOWINGTOCARELESSNESSOFTRANSLATORSANDPRINTERSSUCHMISTAKESNOTONLYMAKETHEFOREIGNREADERSCONFUSED,BUTALSOSHOWTHATTHETRANSLATORSORPRINTERSAREIRRESPONSIBLEANDCARELESSWHENPRODUCINGTHETR
35、ANSLATIONSUCHMISTAKESCANBEFOUNDATMANYPLACES,ANDTHEYCANBEDIVIDEDINTWOTYPESONEISWRONGSPELLINGANDTHEOTHERISMISSPELLINGOFCAPITALLETTERSWRONGSPELLING1ANTSANDCRAFTS工艺品YOUMAYFEELCONFUSEDWITHTHISPHRASEIFYOUARENOTINTHESPOTANDSEETHEREALOBJECTSWITHYOUROWNEYESITISFOUNDBEFORETHEARTSANDCRAFTSDEPARTMENTINASALEINWE
36、NZHOUAIRPORTITSHOULDBEARTSANDCRAFTSMISSPELLINGOFCAPITALLETTERSTHISISAVERYCOMMONPROBLEMINSPELLINGMISTAKEBUTPEOPLEPAYLITTLEATTENTIONTOIT224HOURSELFSERVICEBANKTHEWORD“HOUR”AND“SELFSERVICE”MUSTBECAPITALIZEDINTHERULES222GRAMMARERRORAGOODORCOMPREHENSIBLETRANSLATIONSHOULDCONFORMWITHTHEGRAMMATICALRULESOFTAR
37、GETLANGUAGETHISISTHEBASICREQUIREMENTFORAHIGHQUALITYTRANSLATIONAND8THETRANSLATIONOFPUBLICSIGNSISWITHNOEXCEPTIONHOWEVER,VARIOUSANDSERIOUSGRAMMATICALMISTAKESCANBEFOUNDINTHEENGLISHVERSIONSOFPUBLICSIGNSMOSTOFTHESEMISTAKESWHICHAREVERYSIMPLEANDCANEASILYBEFOUNDOUTTRANSLATORSSHOULDIMPROVETHEIRWORKINGATTITUDE
38、ANDENGLISHKNOWLEDGE,ORITWILLCAUSESOMETROUBLESWHENFOREIGNREADERSREADSIGNSTAKETHEFOLLOWINGASANEXAMPLE3男士服装MANSWEAR4请带好随身物品PLEASEBRINGYOURBELONGINGWITHYOUOBVIOUSLYMANHEREISPLURALFORM,ITREPRESENTSALLMENBELONGINGISALSONOTPROPERTHETRANSLATORDOESNTTAKETHEIRPARTOFSPEECHINTOACCOUNTSOITSHOULDBECORRECTEDASFOLL
39、OW3MENSWEAR4PLEASEBRINGYOURBELONGINGSWITHYOU223LEXICALERRORTHESEMISTAKESAREMORESERIOUSTHANTHEABOVEMENTIONEDTWOINTERMSOFREADERSCOMPREHENSIONOFTHESIGNSLEXICALMISTAKESWILLOFTENLEADTOMISUNDERSTANDINGSONPARTOFFOREIGNREADERSSUCHKINDOFMISTAKESSHOWSTHETRANSLATORSPOORABILITYOFENGLISH,ESPECIALLYTHEVOCABULARY,
40、WHICHISABIGOBSTACLEINCORRECTLYRENDERINGCHINESEPUBLICSIGNSINTOENGLISHAWORDISTHESMALLESTUNITOFMEANINGORLANGUAGEITSOWNSOTHEAPPROPRIATETRANSLATIONOFAWORDISTHEBASICSTEPFORAHIGHQUALITYVERSIONWHENWETRANSLATETHEPUBLICSIGNS,WESHOULDCHOOSETHEPROPERWORDTOPRODUCETHETRANSLATIONBASEDONACCURATEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHESO
41、URCETEXTACHINESEWORDMAYHAVESEVERALENGLISHSYNONYMS,LIKE“珍宝”CANBETRANSLATEDAS“TREASURE”,“JEWELLERY”,“GEM”THESEWORDSAREALLLISTEDUNDERTHEENTRYOF“珍宝”,BUTINTHEDIFFERENTSITUATIONTHEYWILLHAVEDIFFERENTWAYTOUSESOMEPUBLICSIGNSUSUALLYEMPLOYINCORRECTWORDSINTRANSLATIONFOREXAMPLE5司机休息室RESTROOMFORDRIVER6防火区FIREPROO
42、FINGAREA7小心碰头TAKECAREOFYOURHEAD8出站口EXITINFACT,WECANSEETHATPUBLICSIGNSAREMISUNDERSTANDBYSOMETRANSLATORSWHODO9NOTCAREABOUTWORDUSINGIFITISAPPROPRIATEORNOTFORTHEACTUALMEANINGANDCONTEXT,THEYALWAYSUSETHEMOSTFREQUENTLYWORDSORJUSTSELECTINGWORDSRANDOMLYMAYBETHECHINESEMEANINGISRIGHT,BUTITISNOTTHECORRECTUSAGEO
43、FENGLISHTOAVOIDSUCHMISTAKE,THETRANSLATORS,WHENDOINGTHETRANSLATION,WESHOULDTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHEEXACTMEANINGOFSELECTEDENGLISHWORDSBACKTRANSLATIONISSOMETIMESNEEDEDTOTESTTHEACCURACYOFTHEENGLISHTRANSLATIONAFTERSUCHABRIEFDISCUSSOFLEXICALMISTAKE,WECANREVISETHEABOVEPUBLICSIGNSRESPECTIVELYASFOLLOW5STAFFROOMORC
44、OMMONROOMFORDRIVERS6FIREWARDEN7WATCHYOURHEADORMINDYOURHEAD8WAYOUTTHISMISTAKEIHAVEBEENDISCUSSINGISCALLEDPSEUDOEQUIVALENTS,ANDTHEREISANOTHERMISTAKECALLEDLEXICALREDUNDANCYREDUNDANCYREFERSTOTHEWORDSORPHRASESWITHSIMILARMEANINGS,BUTPUBLICSIGNSFEATUREISSIMPLEANDCONCISESOITDOESNTNEEDUNNECESSARYORUSELESSWORD
45、SANYWORDS,WHICHHAVENOUSEFULFUNCTIONINTHETRANSLATIONANDADDNOTHINGTOTHEMEANING,SHOULDBECUTOUTTHESEUNNECESSARYWORDSCANBEANYPARTOFSPEECH,NOUNS,NUMERALS,ADJECTIVES,ADVERBS,ANDSOONINORDERTOACHIEVECONCISENESSFOREXAMPLE9用您的爱心保护公园环境USEYOURLOVETOPROTECTTHEPARKENVIRONMENT“USEYOURLOVE”,THISEXPRESSIONISVERYCOMMO
46、NINCHINESECONTEXT,BUTINENGLISHCONTEXTAREREDUNDANTWORDS,ITVIOLATETHEHABITSOFENGLISHREADERS,ASTHEKEYPOINTSOFTRANSLATIONISCONVEYINGTHEINTENTIONOFCOMMUNICATION,ITISUNNECESSARYTOBEEXCESSIVELYSLAVISHANDDETAILED,SOITCANBEDELETED,ANDTRANSLATED“PROTECTTHEENVIRONMENT”224CULTUREBACKGROUNDDIFFERENCESINENGLISHSO
47、CIETY,PEOPLEUSETHEPUBLICSIGNSOFMANDATORYISVERYCAREFULLYTHISISDUETOWESTERNDEMOCRACY,EQUALITYTRADITIONONLYINVERYSPECIALOCCASIONWILLAPPEARSTERNTONES,UNASSAILABLEMANDATORYPUBLICSIGNSSUCHAS“POLICELINEDONOTCROSS”INAFIREWARDEN,WOULDHAVESOMESLOGANSLIKE“NOSMOKINGOROPENFIRE”INCHINESECULTURE,PEOPLEHAVEADEEPSEN
48、SEOFHIERARCHYANDRESPECTFORAUTHORITYMOREOVER,WEALWAYSPUTTEAMFIRSTASARESULT,GOVERNMENTANDSOMEPROFESSIONALORGANIZATIONSORAGENCIESHAVETHEABSOLUTEDISCOURSEPOWERINPUBLICSIGNSRELATIVE10TOTHEPUBLICSOCHINESEPUBLICSIGNSOFTENMAKEREQUESTDEMANDSOFPUBLICDIRECTLYSOMETHINGLIKE“闲人免进”,“请勿”,“禁止攀折花木”,“禁止践踏草坪”ETCSOTHEPU
49、BLICISACCUSTOMEDANDDONTMINDBUTWHENWETRANSLATEDTHESEPUBLICSIGNSWESHOULDCONSIDERINGTHECULTUREDIFFERENCESIHAVESEENMANYTIMESINSOMELOCALHOSPITALTOTHESIGN“NOSMOKING”,ITWOULDBEBETTERCHANGETO“FORHYGIENESSAKEPLEASEREFRAINYOURSELFFROMSMOKING”OR“THANKYOUFORNOTSMOKING”,ITAPPEARSMORETACTFUL,ANDEASYTOACCEPTOFCOURSE,INTHEGASSTATION,FORESTANDSOMEOTHERIMPORTANTPLACES,ITSHOULDBEKEEPTHEORIGINALEVENSTRENGTHENEDTHEMANDATORYTONE3STRATEGIESFORPUBLICSIGNTRANSLATIONBRITISHTRANSLATIONTHEORISTPETERNEWMARKDIVIDEDLANGUAGEFUNCTIONINTOSIXCATALOGUESONTHEBASISOFLANGUAGEFUNCTIONALTHEORYTHEYAREEXPRESSIVEFUNC
